Optical Camera Communications
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Recent papers in Optical Camera Communications
Free Space Optical (FSO) communication technology , also known as Optical Wireless Communications (OWC), has regained a great interest over the last few years. In some cases, FSO is seen as an alternative to existing technologies, such as... more
Free Space Optical (FSO) communication technology , also known as Optical Wireless Communications (OWC), has regained a great interest over the last few years. In some cases, FSO is seen as an alternative to existing technologies, such as radio frequency. In other cases, FSO is considered as a strong candidate to complement and integrate with next-generation technologies, such as 5G wireless networks. Accordingly, FSO technology is being widely deployed in various indoor (e.g., data centers), terrestrial (e.g., mobile networks), space (e.g., inter-satellite and deep space communication), and underwater systems (e.g., underwater sensing). As the application portfolio of FSO technology grows, so does the need for a clear classification for FSO link configurations. Most existing surveys and classifications are single-level classifications, and thus not inclusive enough to accommodate recent and emerging changes and developments of different FSO link configurations and systems. In this paper, we propose a multi-level classification framework to classify existing and future indoor, terrestrial, space, underwater, and heterogenous FSO links and systems using common and simple unified notation. We use the proposed classification to review and summarize major experimental work and systems in the area until 2017. Using the proposed classification and survey, we aim to give researchers a jump-start to tap into the growing and expanding realm of the FSO technology in different environments. The proposed classification can also help organize and systematically present the progress in the research on FSO technology. This makes the identification of the market needs for standards an easier task. Moreover, different entities involved in the standardization process including academic, industry, and regulatory organizations can use the proposed classification as a unified language to communicate during the early stages of standard development which require ambiguity-free discussions and exchange of ideas between different standardization entities. We use the proposed classification to review existing standards and recommendations in the field of FSO. It is also envisioned that the proposed classification can be used as a unified framework to define different FSO channel models for simulation tools.
Optical wireless communication (OWC) is an excellent complementary solution to its radio frequency (RF) counterpart. OWC technologies have been demonstrated to be able to support high traffic generated by massive connectivity of the... more
Optical wireless communication (OWC) is an excellent complementary solution to its radio frequency (RF) counterpart. OWC technologies have been demonstrated to be able to support high traffic generated by massive connectivity of the Internet of Things (IoT) and upcoming 5th generation (5G) wireless communication systems. As the characteristics of OWC and RF are complementary, a combined application is regarded
as a promising approach to support 5G and beyond communication systems. Hybrid RF/optical and optical/optical wireless systems offer an excellent solution for recovering the limitations of individual systems as well as for providing positive features of each of the technologies. An RF/optical wireless hybrid system consists both RF and optical-based wireless technologies, whereas an optical/optical wireless hybrid system consists two or more types of OWC technologies. The co-deployment of wireless systems can improve system performance in terms of throughput, reliability, and energy efficiency of individual networks. This
study surveys the state of the art and key research directions regarding optical wireless hybrid networks, being the first extensive survey dedicated to this topic. We provide a technology overview of existing literature on optical wireless hybrid networks, such as RF/optical and optical/optical systems. We consider the RF-based macrocell, small cell, wireless fidelity, and Bluetooth, as well as optical-based visible light communication, light fidelity, optical camera communication, and free-space optical communication technologies for different combinations of hybrid systems. Moreover, we consider underwater acoustic communication for hybrid acoustic/optical systems. The opportunities brought by hybrid systems are presented in detail. We outline important challenges that need to be addressed for successful deployment of optical wireless hybrid network systems for 5G and IoT paradigms.
as a promising approach to support 5G and beyond communication systems. Hybrid RF/optical and optical/optical wireless systems offer an excellent solution for recovering the limitations of individual systems as well as for providing positive features of each of the technologies. An RF/optical wireless hybrid system consists both RF and optical-based wireless technologies, whereas an optical/optical wireless hybrid system consists two or more types of OWC technologies. The co-deployment of wireless systems can improve system performance in terms of throughput, reliability, and energy efficiency of individual networks. This
study surveys the state of the art and key research directions regarding optical wireless hybrid networks, being the first extensive survey dedicated to this topic. We provide a technology overview of existing literature on optical wireless hybrid networks, such as RF/optical and optical/optical systems. We consider the RF-based macrocell, small cell, wireless fidelity, and Bluetooth, as well as optical-based visible light communication, light fidelity, optical camera communication, and free-space optical communication technologies for different combinations of hybrid systems. Moreover, we consider underwater acoustic communication for hybrid acoustic/optical systems. The opportunities brought by hybrid systems are presented in detail. We outline important challenges that need to be addressed for successful deployment of optical wireless hybrid network systems for 5G and IoT paradigms.
The continuous development of the Internet of Things (IoT) calls for innovative solutions and technologies to realize the IoT vision efficiently. One of the rising connectivity technologies that can potentially benefit the IoT deployment... more
The continuous development of the Internet of Things (IoT) calls for innovative solutions and technologies to realize the IoT vision efficiently. One of the rising connectivity technologies that can potentially benefit the IoT deployment is Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) technology. In OWC, light beams from light sources are used to modulate information. The receiver demodulates the received light and processes the signal. The broad unlicensed spectrum of the OWC technology, along with its potential high bit-rate and increased physical link security, motivated researchers to consider OWC for IoT solutions. In this paper, we survey the existing literature related to using OWC technology in the IoT domain. We present the background and preliminaries of the IoT and OWC domains to understand how the OWC fits in the IoT architecture. Then we perform a comprehensive survey of literature related to the use of OWC technology in IoT applications. We highlight and summarize the major papers and experiments in the literature to provide researchers a jump-start to tap into the domain of OWC in IoT using the systemic and detailed survey presented in this paper.
In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate a 1024-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) optical camera communications (OCC) system using a dual light-emitting diode (LED) and a commercial digital single-lens reflex camera. An... more
In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate a 1024-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) optical camera communications (OCC) system using a dual light-emitting diode (LED) and a commercial digital single-lens reflex camera. An undersampled QAM subcarrier modulation (UQAMSM) is proposed to support a high-efficiency and non-flickering OCC system. Owing to the built-in gamma correction function of the camera, pre-and post-compensation techniques are successfully applied to compensate for the non-linear impairment. A dedicated framing structure is also designed to support the proposed UQAMSM and compensation techniques. The experimental results show that this system is able to achieve a data rate of 500 b/s using a dual LED and a 50 ft/s commercial camera over a transmission span of 1.5 m, which is suitable for the transmission and reception of location-based information. Index Terms— Compensation, optical camera communications, undersampled quadrature-amplitude-modulation subcarrier modulation, visible light communications.
This paper describes a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system, employing optical camera communications (OCC). The system comprises the light emitting diode (LED)-based taillights and a raspberry camera used as the transmitter (Tx)... more
This paper describes a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system, employing optical camera communications (OCC). The system comprises the light emitting diode (LED)-based taillights and a raspberry camera used as the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx), respectively. The sectorized taillights (i.e., Tx) are intensity modulated at different frequencies, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) at the Rx is used for scene analysis, the region of interest (RoI) selection, and symbol detection. Results show that, the system data rates are constrained by the camera frame rate and symbol duration. The link performance is dependent on the CNN training set and we show that, the use of CNN allows a robust implementation, able to provide response under multiple situations: taillight obstruction, variable link distances, and misaligned Tx-Rx. Furthermore, CNN enables multiple input multiple output (MIMO) signal detection without the need for dedicated training.
This paper describes a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system, employing optical camera communications (OCC). The system comprises the light emitting diode (LED)-based taillights and a raspberry camera used as the transmitter (Tx)... more
This paper describes a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system, employing optical camera communications (OCC). The system comprises the light emitting diode (LED)-based taillights and a raspberry camera used as the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx), respectively. The sectorized taillights (i.e., Tx) are intensity modulated at different frequencies, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) at the Rx is used for scene analysis, the region of interest (RoI) selection, and symbol detection. Results show that, the system data rates are constrained by the camera frame rate and symbol duration. The link performance is dependent on the CNN training set and we show that, the use of CNN allows a robust implementation, able to provide response under multiple situations: taillight obstruction, variable link distances, and misaligned Tx-Rx. Furthermore, CNN enables multiple input multiple output (MIMO) signal detection without the need for dedicated training.