Origins of humankind

We spent some time mulling over many possible headings and came up short, nothing really covered all the nooks and crannies or the scope of geography, and still doesn't. In our opinion if we were to rank all the headlines we have created, this is as bad as it gets. Then again, everything else was manifestly worse, the problem every potential offering has is as simple as it is monumental. To claim that the entire fabric underpinning conventional explanations accounting for the genesis of modern humanity and their development until around 7,000 years ago is almost totally incorrect, is a huge ask. To try and sum that cardinal error up in a few words is no easier and necessitates a new approach. This time will be different, there will be no cryptic headings and nor will we slowly flesh out our research in incremental steps that eventually culminates in an opinion, new area to consider or an extension on previous findings. The reason we intend to open with our conclusion and dispense with the fanfare and trappings is that this is a genetic path we have been down before and it is no secret that we endorse the Out-of-Australia theory. The evidence we have already presented in validating our belief modern humans evolved in Australia is extensive, and it doesn't end with a few genes being shared near and far. It was from this country art, music, religion, democracy, astronomy, navigation, gender equality and all the nobler pursuits that enlighten, was exported so long ago. Some of the research to be discussed certainly is more of the same, but on this occasion we intend to add a few new contributions then try and establish an overview of the entire Indo-Pacific region. In doing so, we have already initiated proceedings through establishing an Australian foundation as the beginning place. The next step is to investigate nine locations/genetic sources which justify our belief that humanity began in Australia and that this genetic and esoteric seed was exported from Australia as Original mariners sailed throughout the Indo-Pacific Rim. Make no mistake the genetic imprint of the Original people is ancient, but it is not a historic relic and still exists to this day. The exodus of the first Original Homo sapiens sapiens begun hundreds of thousands of years ago and spread to all parts of the Indo-Pacific Rim. The problem is that no matter how strong the evidence supplied through genetics and bones, the very best we will get from official channels is that this is all ancient history, even if it did happen, it is a story is long gone. Today's attitude towards history has a time-line that begins when humans began to gather yet again into concentrated clusters of settlement around 7,000 years ago. Whatever happened earlier, just doesn't register on the historical radar. Before that historic turning point there is talk of caves and a nomadic lifestyle overlaid with innuendos suggesting a less intelligent hairy clientele. With no building, metropolis or machinery to admire these assumed sins of technological omission have sadly lead to a situation where what happened then is no longer relevant, and somewhat of an embarrassment. Therefore, if the Original people were prominent in ancient world affairs, it merely comes from a less informed and intelligent setting, and fortunately we have moved forward since then. Moreover, if the Original people had sailed to distant locations there should be archaeological proof in print. A simple inspection of any accredited text or academic book will find no entry that supports such a radical proposition. So with no published proof of earlier Original mariners

This teaching aid reviews the major evolutionary landmarks that over the last sixty million years marked the development of intelligence in Homo sapiens. The discussion begins with social primates and charts the adaptations that ultimately led to the emergence of modern humans including the growth of the brain, increased manual dexterity, and evolution of language. Also considered are adaptations to allow for the digestion of starch, and their impact on early agriculture, the first use of fire and cooking. Discussion includes consideration of the following gene mutations: RNF213 GENE, HAR1 GENE, ARHGAP11B GENE, SLC2A1 GENE, SLC2A4 GENE, HACNS1 GENE, MYH16 GENE, SRGAP2 GENE, FOXP2 GENE, AMY1 GENE

KEYWORDS
ARCHAEOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, HUMAN EVOLUTION, EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, LANGUAGE, GENETICS, HOMO SAPIEN, HOMO HABILIS, AUSTRALOPITHECINES, PRIMATES, CHIMPANZEE, GORILLA, GELADA, MOYAMOYA DISEASE, CAROTID ARTERY, HOMININ, WONDERWERK CAVE, SOUTH AFRICA, STARCH DIET, MEAT DIET, RNF213 GENE MUTATIONS, HAR1 GENE, ARHGAP11B GENE, SLC2A1 GENE, SLC2A4 GENE, HACNS1 GENE, MYH16 GENE, SRGAP2 GENE, FOXP2 GENE, AMY1 GENE

Some thoughts expressed at a paper presented during the internal Fellow's conference 'The Origin and the Destiny of Life' at the Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and published at the first 'iPerspectives' issue, produced from this conference.

Data for the dating of the earliest human art from cave sites at Maros in Sulawesi, Indonesia; Lascaux, Pech Merle, and Chauvet in southern France, and Altamira and El Castillo in Spain are reviewed. Arguments that western Europe was the locus for the development of artistic expression are evaluated and challenged in the light of the dates obtained for Maros cave. The weight of evidence now points to the widespread presence of parietal art across the Eurasian continent from c.40,000 BP, the ultimate origin of which may lie in the African continent c.60,000 BP. This contradicts the Eurocentric notion that a creative explosion took place uniquely in western Europe c.40,000, leading to the establishment of human culture. A further consequence of the dating evidence from Maros cave is to undermine the theory that Neanderthals were the creator of the earliest cave art. As the distribution of Neanderthals was limited to Europe they cannot be relied upon to explain paintings in Asia, which either predate or are contemporary with those found in Europe.

KEYWORDS
PLEISTOCENE, UPPER PALAEOLITHIC, ORIGINS OF ART, PARIETAL ART, CAVE ART, MAROS CAVE, LASCAUX CAVE, PECH MERLE CAVE, CHAUVET CAVE, ALTAMIRA CAVE, EL CASTILLO CAVE, NEANDERTHAL, CREATIVE EXPLOSION, COGNITION

One central debate in the German Enlightenment concerned the “Bestimmung” or vocation of humankind, involving authors such as Spalding, Abbt, Mendelssohn, and Schiller, continued by authors such as Fichte and Reinhold. While originally developed as a theological concept, the idea of a vocation was easily adapted in other contexts, such as philosophy of nature (Blumenbach, Mendelssohn) or philosophy of art (Schiller). It also had a remarkably strong impact on Kant’s philosophy that is not yet entirely understood. Kant is one of the very few modern thinkers who explicitly writes about the origins of humankind, as well as the way we can conceive the passage of humanity through time, and finally about our conception of the distant future of humankind. It seems clear that the concept of vocation connects the (conjectural) beginning of humankind to its (ideal) future. In this paper, I will elaborate this aspect, focusing primarily on both the origins and future of humankind and the way they are connected by this specific conception of a vocation. I argue that Kant picks up on the Enlightenment debate on the vocation of the human being and combines it not only with core ideas of the philosophy of pedagogy of his time, but it is also inspired by the philosophy of history, as he develops his perspective on the formation and cultivation also in his critical engagement with Herder’s philosophy (see, e.g., Review of Herder’s Ideas, AA 8:56). The germs for humankind’s future have already been implanted in the very beginning of its existence, yet only freedom and self-determination can work on removing their internal and external limitations to achieve the fulfillment of this vocation. So the vocation is not an external ‘calling’, but rather an internal striving towards self-fulfillment. This striving, however, should not only be conceived on the individual level, but needs to be related to an ideal of society, in which the relevant human actions are both facilitated and enticed. The vocation of humankind as a collective thus relates to the achievement of individual freedom in a just society. In this sense, it can be made clear that Kant’s concept of humankind’s vocation is not only a yet underrated core concept in Kant’s moral philosophy and his pedagogical ideas, but serves as a nexus to connect them both to his philosophy of history.

Bibliography and references collected by Alvah hicks concerning Native American First People origins. This collection is principally directed to inquiring for an 'out the Americas Wellspring' for all Homo sapiens sapiens populations of the "Old World".

There are fractures in the continental rock that foreshadow the destiny of a species. That of the human species in this case. Like the great East African Rift which extends over more than 6000 kilometers, from the Zambezi to the Red Sea. Fifty kilometers wide, several thousand meters deep, it divides the Horn of Africa into two parts: the African plate on the west, the Somali plate on the east ...

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