PLEA

Motijheel Commercial Area, the main central business district (CBD) of Dhaka city, Bangladesh has already been found through many studies to cause urban heat island (UHI) effect due to its densely built multistoried commercial buildings and lack of green areas. These buildings consume significant amount of electricity to accommodate the lighting facilities, mechanical means for ensuring thermal comfort and operating electrical appliances for a huge number of occupants. This research seeks the potential of solar energy generation by using the prospective roof and elevation surface areas of these buildings, which takes significant part in causing augmentation of mean radiant temperature against the existing electricity consumption rate. Also, this research aims to establish a comparative analysis between existing electricity demand and the solar electricity generated to explore the potential of solar energy harvesting in a densely built urban area. In addition to it, the influence of choice in lighting technology (incandescent, florescent, CFL and LED) would be further examined to see their contribution in electricity demand. This study may contribute in policy development for the already densely built high electricity demanding commercial urban areas into self-sustaining low electricity demanding urban zones.

Motijheel Commercial Area, the main central business district (CBD) of Dhaka city, Bangladesh has already been found through many studies to cause urban heat island (UHI) effect due to its densely built multistoried commercial buildings and lack of green areas. These buildings consume significant amount of electricity to accommodate the lighting facilities, mechanical means for ensuring thermal comfort and operating electrical appliances for a huge number of occupants. This research seeks the potential of solar energy generation by using the prospective roof and elevation surface areas of these buildings, which takes significant part in causing augmentation of mean radiant temperature against the existing electricity consumption rate. Also, this research aims to establish a comparative analysis between existing electricity demand and the solar electricity generated to explore the potential of solar energy harvesting in a densely built urban area. In addition to it, the influence of choice in lighting technology (incandescent, florescent, CFL and LED) would be further examined to see their contribution in electricity demand. This study may contribute in policy development for the already densely built high electricity demanding commercial urban areas into self-sustaining low electricity demanding urban zones.

The integration of vegetation, irrigation and natural materials like soil with the roof structure of a building may be a functional, ecologically sound, and cost-effective design strategy for reducing or dampening the effect of heat gain from solar radiation. This experiment explores the possibilities of reducing the energy consumption of buildings in the arid (hot and dry) climate of Phoenix, Arizona by analyzing the effect of solar radiation on different roof systems. Four roof systems were tested and compared against a reference case (standard roof). The test boxes were instrumented in order to measure temperature at a number of locations within the enclosed space as well as at layers of the roofing system. The purpose was to observe and analyze the effectiveness of the four test roof systems as compared to the standard roof. Analysis of the temperature data acquired from a 24 hour period in early summer 2005 provides clear indicators of the cooling effect of an irrigated planted roof system, while non-irrigated systems may turn out to be counter productive to the goal of reducing heat gain to the interior resulting from solar radiation on the roof.

El artículo procura mostrar las razones por las cuales no puede considerarse que la ética aristotélica sea determinista. De este modo, critica los argumentos de tres intérpretes que defienden el determinismo aristotélico: Alfredo Gómez-Muller, Theodor Gomperz y D.J. Furley, con el fi n de mostrar que la ética del Estagirita no está fundamentada en la necesidad sino en la convención, que el carácter no está totalmente determinado por naturaleza y que una vez éste se ha formado Aristóteles sí concibe la posibilidad de cambio, si bien para ello se necesita mucho más que la mera intención. Con este análisis se pretende mostrar, entonces, más allá de la polémica particular con los intérpretes, que la ética aristotélica trata de explicar el mundo humano en su complejidad y riqueza y, por tanto, no puede considerarse determinista.

Malaysia accounts for 11% of Southeast Asia’s carbon emissions in recent years, is the third highest emissions contributor in the region. It has been estimated that 25% of these carbon emissions are generated from the buildings, especially from the electrical and mechanical equipment that are present in residential buildings. Malaysia’s capital, Kuala Lumpur, has 81.5% of the high-rise buildings in the country and half of the buildings are residential. They have supposedly been designed as predominantly naturally ventilated, but the occupants had to add inefficient mechanical ventilation to achieve the required cooling. It is due to the lack of acknowledgement of the hot, humid climate of Malaysia by the current building regulations and the fact that the requirements for energy use are not customised for residential buildings. Recent developments concerning the use of green rating tools are helping to improve the sustainable design of buildings. This paper reviews these existing reg...

THE IMPACT OF PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATIONS ON PLEA BARGAINED DISPOSITIONS IN KINGS COUNTY SUPREME COURT Adviser: Professor Harriet Pollack, Ph.D. This study examines the presentence function of probation from an historical and empirical perspective which argues that the purported diminution of the role of the presentence report (PSR) in the sentencing process--as a result of sentence bargaining--is more reflective of a prevailing disenchantment with the rehabilitative ideal than any thoroughly considered, reliable validation of the PSR's dispensibility. It is demonstrated, through a review of the literature, that poorly conceived, polemically biased empirical research has helped to perpetuate the notion that these reports have little value. A survey of studies and inquiries conducted in New York over the past twenty years highlights this argument. PSRs, formerly considered an "enlightened" fulcrum for the ameliorating correctional and sentencing reforms of the Progressiv...

Emphasis on daylight is given to non-domestic buildings because in such buildings the specificity of the activities or the high levels of illumination demand a more careful control on daylighting examined for design purposes. Clearly energy saving in that situation is one of the reasons for that emphasis. This paper deals with light coming into the rooms through the window providing natural light once the window is considered the only system that provides and controls light flux and distribution. Rooms can be classified according to their occupancy and use, and then many different activities requiring different illumination levels can be developed in the same space. Room's classification is the first step to establish the ratio window to the floor area for daylight purposes. Therefore the aim of the present work is to investigate window’s characteristics as a mean to assess daylighting. Windows’ parameters were taken up to calculate daylighting for 12.00m² rooms. The simulated c...

Recently the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that IARC Working…

Vernacular architecture comes from a wealth of knowledge and experience of humans who were able to adjust to the surroundings and adapt to even extreme climate conditions. In fact many old traditional settlements may fail to functionally provide high indoor quality according to the modern building standards. However, these buildings are still seen as a good example of serving the purpose of locals’ social life and their ability to effectively respond to outdoor climate. Therefore, this work recognises the need to develop the courtyard concept to meet the social and environmental requirements of today’s housing conditions taking the advantage of traditional architecture of Ghadames. The work carried out methods of descriptive and simulation analysis to investigate the environmental performance of existing and proposed residential courtyards employing natural ventilation system in terms of thermal comfort conditions. The optimisation process of the courtyard design not only relied on ...

Emphasis on daylight is given to non-domestic buildings because in such buildings the specificity of the activities or the high levels of illumination demand a more careful control on daylighting examined for design purposes. Clearly energy saving in that situation is one of the reasons for that emphasis. This paper deals with light coming into the rooms through the window providing natural light once the window is considered the only system that provides and controls light flux and distribution. Rooms can be classified according to their occupancy and use, and then many different activities requiring different illumination levels can be developed in the same space. Room's classification is the first step to establish the ratio window to the floor area for daylight purposes. Therefore the aim of the present work is to investigate window's characteristics as a mean to assess daylighting. Windows' parameters were taken up to calculate daylighting for 12.00m² rooms. The sim...

In June 2009, the Standing Committee on the Federal Rules of Procedure and Evidence authorized publication for comment on a number of technology-related rules of criminal procedure.  Criminal Rule 1 would state that the terms “telephone,” “telephonic,” or “telephonically” mean any form or live electronic voice communication.  Rule 3 would allow officers to submit a complaint and supporting material electronically.  Changes to Rule 4 would address electronically processed and submitted arrest warrants.  Proposed new Rule 4.1 would permit magistrate judges to consider information presented electronically in deciding whether to issue a warrant or summons or approve a complaint.  The amendment to Rule 9 would permit a court to issue a summons or arrest warrant based on information supplied by telephone or other reliable electronic means.  Under the amendment to Rule 32.1, a court may allow use of video teleconferencing in a proceeding to decide whether to revoke or modify the defendant’s probation or supervised release.  Rule 40 would permit video teleconferencing for appearances under the rule.  Rule 41 would move the current provisions dealing with requesting warrants by electronic means to proposed Rule 4.1.  Rule 43 would be changed to permit the court to use video teleconferencing for the arraignment, plea, trial, and sentencing in misdemeanor cases.  Finally, the Rule 49 amendment addresses electronic service and filing.

Background Evidence on peer educators’ experiences of implementing the school-based educational interventions on malaria prevention would be used as inputs for malaria eliminating efforts. This study explored the acceptability of the school-based peer-learning and education approach on malaria prevention (PLEA-malaria) among peer educators in Ethiopia. Methods This process evaluation study was aimed to examine the success of the school-based PLEA-malaria that was implemented in 75 primary schools in Jimma from 2017 to 2019. A mixed research method was employed to collect post-intervention data from 404 peer educators and key stakeholders. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and interview guide. Multivariable linear regression modelling was performed using SPSS software version 26.0. Atlas ti 7.5 for windows was used to analyse the qualitative data. The result was presented by triangulating the findings of the qualitative and quantitative methods. Results The mean sc...

Motijheel Commercial Area, the main central business district (CBD) of Dhaka city, Bangladesh has already been found through many studies to cause urban heat island (UHI) effect due to its densely built multistoried commercial buildings and lack of green areas. These buildings consume significant amount of electricity to accommodate the lighting facilities, mechanical means for ensuring thermal comfort and operating electrical appliances for a huge number of occupants. This research seeks the potential of solar energy generation by using the prospective roof and elevation surface areas of these buildings, which takes significant part in causing augmentation of mean radiant temperature against the existing electricity consumption rate. Also, this research aims to establish a comparative analysis between existing electricity demand and the solar electricity generated to explore the potential of solar energy harvesting in a densely built urban area. In addition to it, the influence of choice in lighting technology (incandescent, florescent, CFL and LED) would be further examined to see their contribution in electricity demand. This study may contribute in policy development for the already densely built high electricity demanding commercial urban areas into self-sustaining low electricity demanding urban zones.

Vernacular architecture comes from a wealth of knowledge and experience of humans who were able to adjust to the surroundings and adapt to even extreme climate conditions. In fact many old traditional settlements may fail to functionally provide high indoor quality according to the modern building standards. However, these buildings are still seen as a good example of serving the purpose of locals' social life and their ability to effectively respond to outdoor climate. Therefore, this work recognises the need to develop the courtyard concept to meet the social and environmental requirements of today's housing conditions taking the advantage of traditional architecture of Ghadames. The work carried out methods of descriptive and simulation analysis to investigate the environmental performance of existing and proposed residential courtyards employing natural ventilation system in terms of thermal comfort conditions. The optimisation process of the courtyard design not only re...