Wind turbines (WTs) can be seriously damaged by lightning strikes and they can be struck by a significant number of flashes. This should be taken into account when the WT lightning protection system is designed. Moreover, WTs represent a... more
Wind turbines (WTs) can be seriously damaged by lightning strikes and they can be struck by a significant number of flashes. This should be taken into account when the WT lightning protection system is designed. Moreover, WTs represent a path for the lightning current that can modify the well-known effects of the lightning discharge in terms of radiated electromagnetic fields, which are a source of damage and interference for nearby structures and systems. In this paper, a WT struck by a lightning discharge is analyzed with a full-wave modelling approach, taking into account the details of the WT and its interactions with the lightning channel. The effects of first and subsequent return strokes are analyzed as well as that of the rotation angle of the struck blade. Results show that the lightning current along the WT is mainly affected by the ground reflection and by the reflection between the struck blade and the channel. The computed electromagnetic fields show that, for subsequent return strokes, the presence of a WT almost doubles their magnitude with respect to a lightning striking the ground. Such enhancement is emphasized when the inclined struck blade is considered.
The paper summarizes a new modeling procedure for 3D virtual design of EMI filter circuits. The proposed method, based on the coupling of the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) methods, extends... more
The paper summarizes a new modeling procedure for 3D virtual design of EMI filter circuits. The proposed method, based on the coupling of the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) methods, extends the standard PEEC approach for modeling in the presence of magnetic materials, hence allowing the PEEC-based modeling of toroidal EMI filter inductors. The PEEC-BIM
A multi-port macromodeling method of the thin-wire structure system is proposed in this paper. In this method, the impedance and the admittance of the conductors are calculated using the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method... more
A multi-port macromodeling method of the thin-wire structure system is proposed in this paper. In this method, the impedance and the admittance of the conductors are calculated using the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method and the node voltage equation is achieved based on the node voltage method. In order to reduce the order of the model, the open-circuit suppression method is adopted. Making use of the vector fitting (VF) method and backward difference method, a time domain solution is achieved. The proposed method is validated by comparing its results with the calculated or measured ones published in other papers. Finally, an application about the direct lightning overvoltage in high-speed railway system is implemented.
Electromagnetic solvers based on the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) approach have proven to be well suited for the solution of combined circuit and EM problems. The inclusion of all types of Spice circuit elements is possible.... more
Electromagnetic solvers based on the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) approach have proven to be well suited for the solution of combined circuit and EM problems. The inclusion of all types of Spice circuit elements is possible. Due to this, the approach has been used in many different tools. Most of these solvers have been based on a rectangular or Manhattan representation of the geometries. In this paper, we systematically extend the PEEC formulation to nonorthogonal geometries since many practical EM problems require a more general formulation. Importantly, the model given in this paper is consistent with the classical PEEC model for rectangular geometries. Some examples illustrating the application of the approach are given for both the time and frequency domain.
For various electrical interconnect and EMC problems, the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method has proven to be a valid and fast solution method of the electrical field integral equation in the time as well as the frequency... more
For various electrical interconnect and EMC problems, the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method has proven to be a valid and fast solution method of the electrical field integral equation in the time as well as the frequency domain. Therefore, PEEC has become a multi-purpose full-wave simulation method, especially suited for the solution of combined circuit and EM problems, as found on printed circuit board layouts, power electronics devices or EMC filters. Recent research introduced various extensions to the basic PEEC approach, for example a non-orthogonal cell geometry formulation. This work presents a fast, flexible and accurate computational method for determining the matrix entries of partial inductances and the coefficients of potential for general non-orthogonal PEEC cell geometries. The presented computation method utilizes analytical filament formulas to reduce the integration order and therefore to reduce computation time. The validity, accuracy and speed of th...
Abstract Inductance effects in on-chip interconnects have become significant for specific cases such as clock distributions and other highly optimized networks [1, 2]. Designers and CAD tool developers are searching for ways to deal with... more
Abstract Inductance effects in on-chip interconnects have become significant for specific cases such as clock distributions and other highly optimized networks [1, 2]. Designers and CAD tool developers are searching for ways to deal with these effects. Unfortunately, ...
The electrical behavior of circular spiral inductive components in a homogeneous environment is analyzed by using the concentric ring approximation. This work is based on the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) modeling method which... more
The electrical behavior of circular spiral inductive components in a homogeneous environment is analyzed by using the concentric ring approximation. This work is based on the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) modeling method which is extended to rotational symmetry case. Analytic approximations of all integral formulas are used in order to enable fast computation of the partial inductance and capacitance coefficients, to provide an efficient tool for design. The result is a full modeling method allowing the plotting of complex impedance frequency response and also the drawing of charge and current densities distribution inside of the conductors.
An efficient approach is presented to calculate the inductance and resistance matrices for three-dimensional multiconductor structures. The proposed approach, based on the partial element equivalent circuit method, calculates the... more
An efficient approach is presented to calculate the inductance and resistance matrices for three-dimensional multiconductor structures. The proposed approach, based on the partial element equivalent circuit method, calculates the inductance and resistance matrices in two stages. In the first stage, each conductor is considered separately. The conductor is discretized into thin filaments and then the filaments are assembled into the desired equivalent impedance matrix using network theory. The mesh analysis is then used to solve for the complex frequency-dependent impedance of the conductor. In the second stage, the whole structure is considered and is assembled into an equivalent impedance matrix by the network theory. The self inductance and resistance of each conductor obtained in the first stage are used in the impedance matrix. The mutual inductance between the conductors is estimated using the filament approximation. Then, the inductance and resistance matrices are obtained by ...
Partial element equivalent circuit method (PEEC) is used to model the total loop inductance of a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundle interconnects in a ground-signal-ground (GSG) configuration. Nanotube bundle is modelled as an... more
Partial element equivalent circuit method (PEEC) is used to model the total loop inductance of a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundle interconnects in a ground-signal-ground (GSG) configuration. Nanotube bundle is modelled as an equivalent rectangular conductor using the proposed equivalent area model, where the conductor area is determined by the area of single nanotube and total number of nanotubes in the bundle. Magnetic inductance and total inductance are calculated after obtaining the partial mutual and partial self inductance values from this method. The effects of spacing to width ratio and wire length over the total inductance are also presented in this paper.
Numerical prediction of conducted emissions has the potential to become an important utility in power converter design. Advance knowledge of the conducted emission and simulations of the EMC performance can help to reduce cost and time in... more
Numerical prediction of conducted emissions has the potential to become an important utility in power converter design. Advance knowledge of the conducted emission and simulations of the EMC performance can help to reduce cost and time in the design process. This paper presents a detailed time-domain simulation of an Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC) for predicting common and differential mode conducted
A method for analyzing SI and EMI of an analog circuit board considering the effect of analog patterns has been proposed. This method uses the combination of PEEC (partial element equivalent circuit) and MOR (model order reduction). Major... more
A method for analyzing SI and EMI of an analog circuit board considering the effect of analog patterns has been proposed. This method uses the combination of PEEC (partial element equivalent circuit) and MOR (model order reduction). Major contributors to signal, power and EMI noise in high power supply circuits are the parasitics of arbitrary shape conductor patterns between discrete components such as power MOS transistors and passive components. The conductor patterns are modeled as meshed RLGC network circuits, and then compressed into a compact circuit model. Voltage and current waveforms in the time domain and EMI in the frequency domain are simulated by using the obtained macro model and nonlinear devices.
