Tidak hanya iblis dan tentaranya yang bisa membangun istana di atas lautan, tapi umat manusia yang kemampuannya tidak seperti iblis pun bisa membangun ‘istana energi’ nya di atas laut, yaitu floating offshore wind turbine. Berbeda dengan... more
Tidak hanya iblis dan tentaranya yang bisa membangun istana di atas lautan, tapi umat manusia yang kemampuannya tidak seperti iblis pun bisa membangun ‘istana energi’ nya di atas laut, yaitu floating offshore wind turbine. Berbeda dengan iblis dan tentaranya, manusia membangun untuk kemaslahatan umat, untuk mengejawantahkan wujud misinya sebagai kalifah di muka bumi, agar bumi tetap lestari. Sementara iblis membangun markas sebagai pos-pos pentingnya guna memperlancar misinya pula dalam menyesatkan umat manusia dan membawanya ke neraka sebagai teman abadi. Selama ini mungkin manusia khilaf dalam memanfaatkan kelebihan akal dan pikiran yang diberikan Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa kepada mereka dengan menggunakan alat floating unit hanya untuk mengeruk minyak bumi yang notabene banyak menimbulkan kemudartan, tapi dengan kelebihan akal pikiran beserta hati, manusia mulai berfikir untuk kembali ke fitrahnya, yakni back to nature dengan selangkah demi selangkah mulai memprioritaskan pemanfaatan sumber energi yang ramah lingkungan dan bebas polusi, seperti memanfaatkan angin laut dengan membangun turbin angin mengapung atau floating offshore wind turbine.
Power generation in modern and industrial wind turbines can be improved by careful choice and analysis of operational control strategies. In this paper a new controller scheme is proposed in partial load operation of the wind turbine... more
Power generation in modern and industrial wind turbines can be improved by careful choice and analysis of operational control strategies. In this paper a new controller scheme is proposed in partial load operation of the wind turbine where the pitch angle is kept constant at zero and the generator torque is adjusted utilizing the fuzzy inference method. Fuzzy rules were defined with respect to the response of the wind turbine to reference gains such that the output power tracks the ideal power curve as close as possible without any significant increase of stress on the main shaft and drive train. A variety of membership shape functions were considered to show the resulting effect on the extracted energy and the drive train stress. Accordingly, through numerous simulations, it can be seen that the total harvested energy is increased. The fuzzy controller was evaluated based on a nonlinear model of the wind turbine using real wind speed applied to the model as a disturbance, to consider the practicality of the proposed controller.
Wind turbines (WTs) can be seriously damaged by lightning strikes and they can be struck by a significant number of flashes. This should be taken into account when the WT lightning protection system is designed. Moreover, WTs represent a... more
Wind turbines (WTs) can be seriously damaged by lightning strikes and they can be struck by a significant number of flashes. This should be taken into account when the WT lightning protection system is designed. Moreover, WTs represent a path for the lightning current that can modify the well-known effects of the lightning discharge in terms of radiated electromagnetic fields, which are a source of damage and interference for nearby structures and systems. In this paper, a WT struck by a lightning discharge is analyzed with a full-wave modelling approach, taking into account the details of the WT and its interactions with the lightning channel. The effects of first and subsequent return strokes are analyzed as well as that of the rotation angle of the struck blade. Results show that the lightning current along the WT is mainly affected by the ground reflection and by the reflection between the struck blade and the channel. The computed electromagnetic fields show that, for subsequent return strokes, the presence of a WT almost doubles their magnitude with respect to a lightning striking the ground. Such enhancement is emphasized when the inclined struck blade is considered.
Renewable energy is a reliable and practical option for generating energy and is considered one of the best ways to reduce environmental impact. Solar, winds, tidal and geothermal are the choices for renewable energy options. For... more
Renewable energy is a reliable and practical option for generating energy and is considered one of the best ways to reduce environmental impact. Solar, winds, tidal and geothermal are the choices for renewable energy options. For countries like European Union nations and some tropical countries like India, there have always been plenty of wind and solar resources available at a feasible price. Concentrated investments have been devoted to next-generation technology to enhance performance, reliability and future growth of the wind industry. Nevertheless, there is always concern about the wind turbines wide and bulky horizontal axis, but recent developments in wind turbine technology, particularly in the case of vertical axis wind turbines, have shown that they are more adaptable to utility-scale power plants. With this noted flexibility, as they have the advantage of being able to generate the energy from wind flow in both directions, a lot of research is underway on their applicatio...
Accurate wind and severe-weather forecasts are crucial for wind-energy production and grid-load management. Most of the prevailing wind power forecast methods rely heavily on statistical approaches that typically do not deal directly with... more
Accurate wind and severe-weather forecasts are crucial for wind-energy production and grid-load management. Most of the prevailing wind power forecast methods rely heavily on statistical approaches that typically do not deal directly with weather processes. Currently employed numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are deemed insufficiently accurate by many industry stakeholders for wind power prediction, even though they have been used for such applications. The reason is partly because the NWP products used for power forecasting are typically produced by the coarse-resolution models at the major operational weather centers. Although a few of high-resolution models are run by some wind energy industries, most of these model do not contain advanced data assimilation capabilities that are required to initialize the model prediction with the important high-resolution weather information.
One critical task in any wind power interconnection study involves the modelling of wind turbines. This paper provides the most basic yet comprehensive timedomain wind turbine model upon which more sophisticated models along with their... more
One critical task in any wind power interconnection study involves the modelling of wind turbines. This paper provides the most basic yet comprehensive timedomain wind turbine model upon which more sophisticated models along with their power and speed control ...
The first stage of the report is to investigate the temporal variability of the wind resource at the each site for both types of turbine. AND To find an estimate of the energy production of the Norwin and Vesta turbines, the data on the... more
The first stage of the report is to investigate the temporal variability of the wind resource at the each site for both types of turbine. AND To find an estimate of the energy production of the Norwin and Vesta turbines, the data on the wind speed probability and the assumed power output data given need to be combined.
Abstract Renewable energy is a reliable and practical option for generating electricity and is considered one of the key ways to reduce environmental impact. There have been concentrated efforts devoted to next-generation technology to... more
Abstract Renewable energy is a reliable and practical option for generating electricity and is considered one of the key ways to reduce environmental impact. There have been concentrated efforts devoted to next-generation technology to enhance performance, reliability and future growth of wind energy. However, there is always been concern about wide and bulky horizontal axes of wind turbines. Recent developments in wind turbine technology, particularly in the case of vertical axis wind turbines have shown that they are more adaptable to utility-scale power plants. As the energy generates from wind flow in both directions, we used this concept to model a novel hybrid wind turbine to demonstrate energy harvesting viability in a controlled way entirely from the moving vehicles on highways, with a three-bladed wind turbine and a solar tracking system. The hybrid wind turbine provided more energy and better efficiency in comparison to traditional wind turbines on the highways.
In order to manage the remarkable share of wind power as present in several utilities forecast information is needed. In the last years several respective procedures have been developed and put into operation. Up to now the outcome of the... more
In order to manage the remarkable share of wind power as present in several utilities forecast information is needed. In the last years several respective procedures have been developed and put into operation. Up to now the outcome of the forecast tools is mainly restricted to the forecasted value itself and general information of the overall error of the procedure
This paper describes the dynamic behaviour of a doubly-fed induction machine, operating with wind turbine. The rotor circuit of the machine consists only of a generator-side converter working under abnormal condition at stator side (fault... more
This paper describes the dynamic behaviour of a doubly-fed induction machine, operating with wind turbine. The rotor circuit of the machine consists only of a generator-side converter working under abnormal condition at stator side (fault condition and voltage drop take place in transmission lines of the grid system). The induction machine model is based on the stationary reference frame and the control-unit model is based on the line-voltage oriented reference frame. The generator-side controller provides good decoupling between active and reactive power. A powerful MATLAB/SIMULINK was used for the simulation of the wind energy conversion system of a 4 kW wind generator. The simulation results of the generator side converter show that the speed, torque and the ϕ sin (power factor) can be regulated independently to match the reference signals. The effects of assumed abnormal condition in the grid system are discussed with regard to stator current and rotor current of the induction m...
Wind turbine performance monitoring is a complex task because of the non-stationary operation conditions and because the power has a multivariate dependence on the ambient conditions and working parameters. This motivates the research... more
Wind turbine performance monitoring is a complex task because of the non-stationary operation conditions and because the power has a multivariate dependence on the ambient conditions and working parameters. This motivates the research about the use of SCADA data for constructing reliable models applicable in wind turbine performance monitoring. The present work is devoted to multivariate wind turbine power curves, which can be conceived of as multiple input, single output models. The output is the power of the target wind turbine, and the input variables are the wind speed and additional covariates, which in this work are the blade pitch and rotor speed. The objective of this study is to contribute to the formulation of multivariate wind turbine power curve models, which conjugate precision and simplicity and are therefore appropriate for industrial applications. The non-linearity of the relation between the input variables and the output was taken into account through the simplification of a polynomial LASSO regression: the advantages of this are that the input variables selection is performed automatically. The k-means algorithm was employed for automatic multi-dimensional data clustering, and a separate sub-model was formulated for each cluster, whose total number was selected by analyzing the silhouette score. The proposed method was tested on the SCADA data of an industrial Vestas V52 wind turbine. It resulted that the most appropriate number of clusters was three, which fairly resembles the main features of the wind turbine control. As expected, the importance of the different input variables varied with the cluster. The achieved model validation error metrics are the following: the mean absolute percentage error was in the order of 7.2%, and the average difference of mean percentage errors on random subsets of the target data set was of the order of 0.001%. This indicates that the proposed model, despite its simplicity, can be reliably employed for wind turbine power monitoring and for evaluating accumulated performance changes due to aging and/or optimization.
This paper discusses the field tests of the wind turbine unit, in which the front and the rear wind rotors drive the inner and the outer armatures of the synchronous generator. The wind rotors were designed conveniently by the traditional... more
This paper discusses the field tests of the wind turbine unit, in which the front and the rear wind rotors drive the inner and the outer armatures of the synchronous generator. The wind rotors were designed conveniently by the traditional procedure for the single wind rotor, ...
An international concern with climate change has prompted a political commitment to the use of renewable energies. Yet, the operationalization and management of this political objective may be frustrated at the local level, where, it is... more
An international concern with climate change has prompted a political commitment to the use of renewable energies. Yet, the operationalization and management of this political objective may be frustrated at the local level, where, it is suggested, an implementation impasse exists. This paper reports on a case study that examines the planning issues around the harvesting of wind at an
It is a common sense expectation that the efficiency of wind turbines should decline with age, similarly to what happens with most technical systems. Due to the complexity of this kind of machine and the environmental conditions to which... more
It is a common sense expectation that the efficiency of wind turbines should decline with age, similarly to what happens with most technical systems. Due to the complexity of this kind of machine and the environmental conditions to which it is subjected, it is far from obvious how to reliably estimate the impact of aging. In this work, the aging of five Vestas V52 wind turbines is analyzed. The test cases belong to two different sites: one is at the Dundalk Institute of Technology in Ireland, and four are sited in an industrial wind farm in a mountainous area in Italy. Innovative data analysis techniques are employed: the general idea consists of considering appropriate operation curves depending on the working control region of the wind turbines. When the wind turbine operates at fixed pitch and variable rotational speed, the generator speed-power curve is studied; for higher wind speed, when the rotational speed has saturated and the blade pitch is variable, the blade pitch-power ...
A lot of attention is being paid to wind energy due to the focus on renewable energy. Malaysia is situated in the equatorial region and its climate is governed by the monsoons. Wind resource in Malaysia varies from one location to... more
A lot of attention is being paid to wind energy due to the focus on renewable energy. Malaysia is situated in the equatorial region and its climate is governed by the monsoons. Wind resource in Malaysia varies from one location to another. Wind speed is better offshore compared to onshore, so more contribution by offshore wind powers in terms of electricity generation. Wind energy potentiality and techno- economic feasibility of offshore wind farms in Malaysia is investigated in this paper. Research was conducted using HOMER software to assess the potential of wind energy along the South China Sea coastline. This study indicates the best sites to set up offshore wind farms in Malaysia while costs associated for wind energy generation are calculated. Two model of the wind turbines Vestas V-47 and V-80 are taken for economic feasibility analyses. Investment, operation and maintenance costs have been evaluated for offshore wind energy. Feed-in tariff policy effects energy price and wind farms profitability were analyzed.
– With growing electrical energy demand, wind power capacity has experienced tremendous surge in the past decade, thanks to wind power environmental benefits. Direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with a full size... more
– With growing electrical energy demand, wind power capacity has experienced tremendous surge in the past decade, thanks to wind power environmental benefits. Direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with a full size back-to-back converter set is one of the promising technologies employed with wind power generation. Wind grid integration brings the problems of voltage fluctuation and harmonic pollution. In the present study, a filter is placed between the wind system and the network to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) and enhance power quality during disturbances. The models of wind turbine, PMSG, power electronic converters and the filter are implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment.
Large numbers of bats are killed by collisions with wind turbines, and there is at present no direct method of reducing or preventing this mortality. We therefore determine whether the electromagnetic radiation associated with radar... more
Large numbers of bats are killed by collisions with wind turbines, and there is at present no direct method of reducing or preventing this mortality. We therefore determine whether the electromagnetic radiation associated with radar installations can elicit an aversive behavioural response in foraging bats. Four civil air traffic control (ATC) radar stations, three military ATC radars and three weather radars were selected, each surrounded by heterogeneous habitat. Three sampling points matched for habitat type and structure, dominant vegetation species, altitude and surrounding land class were located at increasing distances from each station. A portable electromagnetic field meter measured the field strength of the radar at three distances from the source: in close proximity (<200 m) with a high electromagnetic field (EMF) strength >2 volts/metre, an intermediate point within line of sight of the radar (200-400 m) and with an EMF strength <2 v/m, and a control site out of...
In this paper, both flap-wise and edge-wise natural frequencies of vibration of a variable blade length wind turbine are calculated. A stepped beam with two portions has been used to approximate the blade. The two portions of the blade... more
In this paper, both flap-wise and edge-wise natural frequencies of vibration of a variable blade length wind turbine are calculated. A stepped beam with two portions has been used to approximate the blade. The two portions of the blade have been approximated by a hollow beam and a solid beam with rectangular cross section. As the outboard portion of the blade can be slid in and out of the inboard portion, ten different configurations of the stepped beam have been investigated. A MATLAB program has been developed for a finite element analysis of a one dimensional model of the stepped beam. Subsequently a three dimensional model of the stepped beam has been developed in the finite element program Unigraphics NX4. The results found using the MATLAB program have been compared with those found with NX4 and satisfactory agreement between these results has been found. Additionally, the influence of varying the blade length on the natural frequencies has been investigated.
Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbines have a number of potential advantages for small-scale and domestic applications. For such applications, the issues of cost and reliability are paramount and hence simplicity of design of the... more
Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbines have a number of potential advantages for small-scale and domestic applications. For such applications, the issues of cost and reliability are paramount and hence simplicity of design of the structure, the generator, and any control system is vital. A particular concern relating to Darrieus turbines is their potential to self- start. If, as has been
Abstract Renewable energy is a reliable and practical option for generating electricity and is considered one of the key ways to reduce environmental impact. There have been concentrated efforts devoted to next-generation technology to... more
Abstract Renewable energy is a reliable and practical option for generating electricity and is considered one of the key ways to reduce environmental impact. There have been concentrated efforts devoted to next-generation technology to enhance performance, reliability and future growth of wind energy. However, there is always been concern about wide and bulky horizontal axes of wind turbines. Recent developments in wind turbine technology, particularly in the case of vertical axis wind turbines have shown that they are more adaptable to utility-scale power plants. As the energy generates from wind flow in both directions, we used this concept to model a novel hybrid wind turbine to demonstrate energy harvesting viability in a controlled way entirely from the moving vehicles on highways, with a three-bladed wind turbine and a solar tracking system. The hybrid wind turbine provided more energy and better efficiency in comparison to traditional wind turbines on the highways.
According to the universal desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable energy supply to meet the increasing need of energy for human, many efforts have been made for the development of renewable energy including wind power... more
According to the universal desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable energy supply to meet the increasing need of energy for human, many efforts have been made for the development of renewable energy including wind power as the most reliabl...
Este trabalho apresenta por meio de revisão bibliográfica as vantagens e desvantagens das redes centralizadas e descentralizadas de distribuição de energia eólica, principalmente no que se refere aos aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais e... more
Este trabalho apresenta por meio de revisão bibliográfica as vantagens e desvantagens das redes centralizadas e descentralizadas de distribuição de energia eólica, principalmente no que se refere aos aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais e tecnológicos.
This research paper deals with extraction of electricity from the end are dependent upon the design of the blade along with end mill. Micro Wind turbine blade is a part of the rotor. Using composite substances eventually will fix a few of... more
This research paper deals with extraction of electricity from the end are dependent upon the design of the blade along with end mill. Micro Wind turbine blade is a part of the rotor. Using composite substances eventually will fix a few of the issues connected with efficient functioning of horizontal axis Micro Wind turbines (HAWTs) for example gravitational forces because of weight and problems like long-term material land degradation, neighborhood form deformation of the profile of the Micro Wind turbines blades, etc. This project intends to deal with the adverse reaction with the variant of parameters like Micro Wind velocity and substance properties. The materials like Kevlar and CFRP RFP are created using fibers when compared with these fibers. By integrating layers of Kevlar and CFRP not just addresses the difficulties, it provides more flexibility and impact resistance and will help to decrease the weight. This project intends to tackle these issues by suggesting a substance combination that is much better to improve reliability and the lifetime of Micro Wind turbines.
