Pharmacolgy

Background and objectives: Hepatic abscess is a very common and significant health condition in developing countries including India. Alcohol consumption is one of the most important predisposing factors in causation of hepatic abscess followed by uncontrolled diabetes and immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to device a definitive protocol in the management of patients with liver abscess and to evaluate the different treatment option of liver abscess, amoebic or pyogenic in order to have some guidelines in our setting Material and methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted between August 2014 to September 2016 in Bangalore medical and research institute (Victoria hospital and Bowring & Lady Curzon Hospital), Bangalore. The following study was done in a set of 50 patients diagnosed with liver abscess admitted in our hospital. After confirming the diagnosis, patients were exposed to different treatment modalities which consisted of medical management alone, USG guided Aspiration, Pigtail catheterization and exploratory laparotomy. Results: In our study majority of the patients (84%) were of amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and only 16% were of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Out of 50 patients 8 patients responded to drug therapy alone, 40 patients underwent ultrasound-guided aspiration and pigtail catheter placement and 2 patients were treated with CT guided aspiration. Open surgical method was excluded in our study. Conclusion: Image guided drainage is the best modality of treatment for liver abscess size >4cm in both pyogenic and amoebic liver abscess however in small size abscess medical management is equally good. Abscess cavity resolves better and has a lower recurrence rate in case of percutaneous catheter drainage than percutaneous needle aspiration.. Mortality was not observed in our series. Prompt diagnosis, aggressive medical treatment along with minimal intervention can keep the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition to a bare minimum.

Benzimidazole is an important moiety from a medicinal chemistry perspective due to its various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimers, and anti-inflammatory, etc. 2-acetylbenzimidazole is exploited to obtain various heterocyclic compounds of pharmacological interest. This review's main motive is to present the literature on 2-acetylbenzimidazole chemistry and provide valuable and up-to-date information for its applications. The present review is carried out by compiling literature from 1964 to 2020 concerning the synthesis and biological aspects of various heterocyclic compounds derived from 2-acetylbenzimidazole. Literature was collected from various online search engines viz. Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Core, and Semantic scholar. 2-acetylbenzimidazole has been successfully employed as a synthon to obtain heterocyclic system viz. oxirane, pyrazoline, thiazole, pyrazole, isoxazoline, isoxazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazine, diazepine, and other miscellaneous rings. 2-acetylbenzimidazole has shown promise for the convenient synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds. The reactions can be carried out on various reactive sites of 2-acetylbenzimidazole, which are the carbonyl group and the amino group. This review will help to explore various heterocyclic compounds and particularly in the synthesis of biologically useful compounds.

Desert truffles are seasonal and important edible fungi that grow wild in many countries around the world. Truffles are natural food sources that have significant compositions. In this work, the antioxidant, chemical composition, anticancer, and antiangiogenesis properties of the Terfezia
claveryi truffle were investigated. Solvent extractions of the T. claveryi were evaluated for antioxidant activities using (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods). The extracts cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines (HT29, MCF-7, PC3 and U-87 MG)was determined by MTTassay, while the anti-angiogenic efficacy was tested using ex-vivo assay. All extracts showed moderate anticancer activities against all cancer cells (p < 0.05). The hexane extract inhibited the brain cell line (U-87 MG) with an IC
of 50 lg/ ml and significantly promoted cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and DNA fragmentation p < 0.001. The ethanol extract demonstrated potent antioxidants; DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS with an IC 50 value of 52, 48.5 and 64.7 lg/ml, respectively. In addition, the hexane and ethyl acetate extract significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the sprouting of microvessels by 100% and 81.2%, at 100 lg/ml, respectively. The GC analysis of the most active extract (hexane) showed the presence of several potent phytochemicals such as stigmasterol, beta-Sitosterol, squalene, lupeol, octadecadienoic acid, and oleic acid.