The extended corresponding states (ECS) model of Huber et al. (Huber, M.L., Friend, D.G., Ely, J.F. Prediction of the thermal conductivity of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures. Fluid Phase Equilibria 1992;80:249–61) for calculating... more
The extended corresponding states (ECS) model of Huber et al. (Huber, M.L., Friend, D.G., Ely, J.F. Prediction of the thermal conductivity of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures. Fluid Phase Equilibria 1992;80:249–61) for calculating the thermal conductivity of a pure fluid or fluid mixture is modified by the introduction of a thermal conductivity shape factor which is determined from experimental data. An
The bituminous pavement failure occurs due to excessive traffic loads and different climatic conditions. To protect the pavement failure one of the measure is to enhance the properties of bitumen and its quality and it may achieved by... more
The bituminous pavement failure occurs due to excessive traffic loads and different climatic conditions. To protect the pavement failure one of the measure is to enhance the properties of bitumen and its quality and it may achieved by modification of the bitumen. In this research work, sulfur is used as modifier due to it’s readily availability in local market with less cost. The huge production of sulfur from petrochemical as well as gas, oil refining industries in our country with less utilization should be the main encouraging source for using it as modifier. The addition of sulfur with bitumen can improve the characteristics as well as physical properties of bitumen. Inside the research, sulfur is being mixed with virgin bitumen (1 to 9% with increasing 1% by total weight of binder) at a specified mixing time and temperature. The aging effect of virgin and SMB is also discussed through carrying out “Rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) and Pressure aging vessel (PAV) tests”. The outcome of the present investigations represents that the bitumen binder becomes harder after modification with sulfur producing appropriate results as per provision of code but the aging of modified binder not becoming much harder as compared with virgin bitumen and it also satisfying the guidelines.
The bituminous pavement failure occurs due to excessive traffic loads and different climatic conditions. To protect the pavement failure one of the measure is to enhance the properties of bitumen and its quality and it may achieved by... more
The bituminous pavement failure occurs due to excessive traffic loads and different climatic conditions. To protect the pavement failure one of the measure is to enhance the properties of bitumen and its quality and it may achieved by modification of the bitumen. In this research work, sulfur is used as modifier due to it's readily availability in local market with less cost. The huge production of sulfur from petro chemical as well as gas, oil refining industries in our country with less utilization should be the main encouraging source for using it as modifier. The addition of sulfur with bitumen can improve the characteristics as well as physical properties of bitumen. Inside the research, sulfur is being mixed with virgin bitumen (1 to 9% with increasing1% by total weight of binder) at a specified mixing time and temperature. The aging effect of virgin and SMB is also discussed through carrying out "Rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) and Pressure aging vessel (PAV) tests". The outcome of the present investigations represents that the bitumen binder becomes harder after modification with sulfur producing appropriate results as per provision of code but the aging of modified binder not becoming much harder as compared with virgin bitumen and it also satisfying the guidelines.
The need to speed up the construction of trunk digital communications cause the existing infrastructure to be used for communication lines. Often optical fibers are incorporated into a ground wire. From experience to date the necessity... more
The need to speed up the construction of trunk digital communications cause the existing infrastructure to be used for communication lines. Often optical fibers are incorporated into a ground wire. From experience to date the necessity follows to perform a detailed analysis of thermal resistance of optical ground wire to a direct lightning strike. The paper describes the method and exhibits the results of simulation of transient electromagnetic and temperature field in optical ground wire. The method makes possible to take into account actual cable geometry, physical properties of materials, skin and proximity effects. The selection of idealized lightning current pulse has been justified for thermal simulation.
