Plastic Pyrolysis Oil

Plastic usage in daily life has increased from 5 to 100 million tons per year since the 1950s due to their light-weight, non-corrosive nature, durability and cheap price. Plastic products consist mainly of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) type plastics. The disposal of plastic waste causes environmental and operational burden to landfills. Conventional mechanical recycling methods such as sorting, grinding, washing and extrusion can recycle only 15–20 % of all plastic waste. The use of open or uncontrolled incineration or combustion of plastic waste has resulted in air and waterborne pollutants. Recently, pyrolysis technology with catalytic reforming is being used to convert plastic waste into liquid oil and char as energy and value-added products. Pyrolysis is one of the tertiary recycling techniques in which plastic polymers are broken down into smaller organic molecules (monomers) in the absence of oxygen at elevated temperatures (>400 °C). Use of catalysts such as aluminum oxides, natural and synthetic zeolites, fly ash, calcium hydroxide, and red mud can improve the yield and quality of liquid oil. The pyrolysis yield depends on a number of parameters such as temperature, heating rate, moisture contents, retention time, type of plastic and particle size. A yield of up to 80 % of liquid oil by weight can be achieved from plastic waste. The produced liquid oil has similar characteristics to conventional diesel; density (0.8 kg/m3), viscosity (up to 2.96 mm2/s), cloud point (−18 °C), flash point (30.5 °C) and energy content (41.58 MJ/kg). Char produced from pyrolysis can be activated at standard conditions to be used in wastewater treatment, heavy metals removal, and smoke and odor removal. The produced gases from pyrolysis are hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and can be used as energy carriers. This chapter reviews the challenges and, perspectives of pyrolysis technology for production of energy and value-added products from waste plastics.

Depleting quantity of Conventional Fuel has been focused as a greater problem these days. Day by day, quantity of Petroleum, Crude Oil has more utilisation and lesser production. Increasing use of Petrol & Diesel has made the people of the world to think for some alternative way for energy resources. At the same time. Other rising problem against the people of the world is increase in plastic waste and recycling of the same. Both of the issues are focused and efforts are made to get optimum solution. An experimental setup has been prepared for Plastic Pyrolysis oil and Diesel Blend to be used in single cylinder, 4-stroke CI engine. Plastic Pyrolysis oil is obtained from plastic waste by pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis process is a thermo-chemical decomposition of organic matter in absence of oxygen. Blending of pyrolysis oil with diesel helps to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel. The variation in the Blending ratio of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil and Diesel fuel affects the engine performance as well as exhaust emission data. To understand the variation in Engine performance, different Blends of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil and Diesel Fuel were prepared and experimentations were done by running these blends separately in engine with various loads at Injection Pressure of 190 bar. Blends were prepared for 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil with 90%, 80%, 70% and 50% of Diesel Fuel respectively. Effect of Engine performance of each were compared by Graphical representation of different performance parameters.