Pleven

Bu bildiri Gazi Osman Paşa’nın öldüğü 1317/1900 yılında Müslüman Arap âlemine hitap etmek üzere yazılmış küçük hacimli Arapça bir biyografi kitabı tanıtmak ve içeriğini ortaya koymak için hazırlanmıştır. Yaptığımız araştırmalarda bu kitabın Türkçeye tercüme edilmediğini fark ettik. Tokat’ın yetiştirdiği, üniversitemize adını da veren, dünyanın tanıdığı bu büyük komutanın hayat hikayesi hakkında Arapça bu eseri bu sempozyum vesilesiyle tercüme ettik ve böylece Gazi Osman Paşa hakkındaki literatüre yeni bir çeviri kazandırmayı amaçladık. Çalışmaya konu olan kitap toplam 24 sayfadan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, sırasıyla Gazi Osman Paşa’nın cenaze merasimi ve biyografisine yer verilmiştir. Yer yer ölümü üzerine yazılmış mersiyenin önce Türkçesi verilmiş; sonra da Arapça açıklamaları yapılmıştır. En son bölümde ise Plevne hâdiseleri anlatılmıştır. Eser yazarın Gazi Osman Paşa’nın vefatından dolayı duyduğu üzüntüsü ifade etme amacıyla neredeyse baştan sona edebî ifadelerle doludur. İfadelerden anlaşıldığı kadarıyla yazar, hem II. Abdülhamid’e hem de Gazi Osman Paşa’ya çok yakın biridir. Bu açıdan başka kaynaklarda bulunmayan detaylı sayılabilecek bilgileri de ihtiva etmektedir. Diğer taraftan eser döneminin siyasi koşullarının izini de taşımaktadır. Örneğin, halifelik makamı eserde çokça öne çıkarılmıştır. II. Abdülhamid’in İslam halifesi olduğu sıkça vurgulanmıştır. /This paper is a small volume Arabic biography book written on the death of Gazi Osman Pasha, written to address the Muslim Arab world for the year of his death in 1317/1900. It was noticed that this book was not translated into Turkish in the research done. It is aimed to translate this symposium into the life story of this great commander whom Tokat has brought up, the name of our university and which is recognized by the world, so that Gazi Osman Paşa researches can be given to the literatüre.  The book has 24 pages. First the funeral ceremony was told and then the biography was given. The written word on the death of the place was first made in Turkish and then in Arabic. In the last chapter, the Plevna habits are explained. It is almost literally full of literary expressions from the beginning to the point of expressing the sadness of the writer because of his death Gazi Osman Pasha. As far as the writers are concerned, the writers, both II. Abdulhamid and Gazi Osman are very close to Pasha. In this respect, it also contains detailed information that can not be found in other sources. In this respect, although the volume of the work is small, there are various difficulties in getting it into Turkish.  On the other hand, the work is also bearing the mark of political conditions. For example, it seems that the caliphate office is trying to be more prominent in the work. II. It is frequently emphasized that Abdulhamid is the Islamic caliphate. It is hoped that this work will help the great commander understand better.

In the Ottoman-Russian War in 1877-1878 (Russo-Turkish War, also called 93 Harbi
in Turkish), around 40.000 Ottoman soldiers were taken prisoners after the Russians
captured Pleven on 10 December 1877. About 30.000 of these prisoners were taken
to Russia under severe winter conditions. The remaining 10.000 prisoners were left in
Romania, which entered the war in alliance with the Russians against the Ottoman
Empire. In this study, the sad story of the soldiers who were taken as prisoners to
Bucharest after being captured in Pleven is told. This study depicts the conditions
of the prisoners who were sent to Bucharest and how they continued to live on in
exile. This study, which is rather human-centered than political history, portrays the
consequences of the war and sufferings caused by the war from the eyes of the exiled
soldiers.
Romania, which takes sides with Russia in the war against the Ottoman Empire,
gained its independence with the Berlin Treaty. But Romania lost Bessarabia to Russia.
For this reason, the Romanian government, which remained distant to the Russians
after the war, began to cooperate with the Ottoman Empire and against the common
enemy. During this period, the Romanian authorities treated Turkish prisoners
as well as possible. After all, the Ottoman Empire and Romania signed a prisoner
exchange agreement. This agreement was vital for the recognition of the Romanian
State. After the first diplomatic contacts were settled, the relations between Romania
and the Ottoman Empire gained momentum, and diplomatic representatives were
established mutually. As a result, this set a political environment that is based on mutual
respect and trust between the two sides. Romania gave importance to international
recognition, especially by the Ottoman Empire, while the Ottomans thought that the
newly established state could build a barrier against the Russians.

In the article reconstructed the main features of the maintenance in Russia in 1877–1878 Turkish warlords, captivated during the assault on Pleven November 28, 1878. Authors analyzes the order of general’s internment, as well as the nature of relationships of Ottoman warlords with Russian officials and representatives of Russian public. Authors pay attention to attempts to attract Osman Pasha to legal liability for deaths of prisoners of war of the enemy, that is Russian and Romanian soldiers.