Pressure Vessels

Engineering codes are a key method to guide designs to safe and reliable outcomes. Many such codes have prescribed calculations where the user provides specific inputs in a series of calculations, often using charts or tables, to get specific outputs. The design margins, units, and underlying theory are not always apparent. Engineering codes may not be suitable for reverse engineering an incident or providing a failure prediction. This article examines a criminal negligence case in which an initial forensic analysis incorrectly applied the ASME Pressure Vessel Code to use Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a failed pressure vessel section. The flaws in the original analysis were revealed by applying reverse engineering using conventional stress calculations and understanding basic material science. This emphasizes the need to understand the underlying theories with both engineering codes and numerical modeling. Subsequent FEA provided an accurate analysis report that was successfully used in court. These same methods can be applied to many other engineering codes and standards. "Although most people do not realize it, standards and the methods used to assess conformity to standards are absolutely critical. They are essential components of our nation's technology infrastructure-vital to industry and commerce, crucial to the health and safety of Ameri-cans, and basic to the nation's economic performance 1 ."

Este trabalho analisa a viabilidade técnica de uma solução inicialmente proposta para costado de vaso de pressão, para aplicação em uma máquina.
Utiliza-se a norma técnica ASME 2010 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division I, Appendix 13 para projeto de vasos de pressão de seção transversal não-circular.
De maneira complementar, com o objetivo de comparação didática dos resultados, será feita uma análise da seção proposta para o vaso de pressão com o software FTOOL, versão educacional 3.00, disponível em: www.tecgraf.puc-rio.br/ftool

All over the world, there is an urgent need for effective fluid control equipment, such needs can be found in foods, drugs, beverages, power generation, and oil and gas industries. Some of the existing equipment for this purpose has certain limitations for effective control of fluid at high pressure condition. Thus, there is a need for design modification to solve the prevailing problem. This paper majorly addressed the case peculiar to the oil and gas industries, where fluid control failure has cost millions of dollars, hazardous environmental effect and also decline in nation's economy, taking Niger Delta oil spillage as a case study. In this work, computer aided design method (CADM) was utilized to design and perform stress analysis of a high pressure gate valve used on a typical oil and gas wellhead of working pressure up to 15,000 psi. (103.4 MPa). The critical components in the gate valve are the body and gate (disc). Conversional design adopts calculations from analytical method, but in this work, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine stresses and deformations distribution on critical components of the high pressure gate valve (HPGV) as they are the main pressure retaining boundaries in the valve. The results obtained from the two methods indicated reasonable convergence after validation. The stress analysis conducted was based on von mises failure criterion which is most suitable for ductile materials. The results obtained from both analytical design calculation and that of finite element analysis indicates reasonable agreements by measuring their percentage performance variance. Therefore, the findings of this research work attests to reliability of the designed HPGV valves in meeting engineering design assessments, and in turn can be optimally advanced in the manufacture of high pressure gate valves.

— This technical paper presents design, and analysis of pressure vessel. The application of this pressure vessel is for food processing industry. For steam cooking vessel need to design the pressure vessel of different volumes with different temperature and pressure. Different type of forces is developed on the pressure vessel, so need to design the vessel which has withstood severe forces. Safety is primary consideration in pressure vessel design, due to potential impact for possible accident happed. There have a few main factors to design the safe pressure vessel. The pressure vessel is probability occurs at maximum pressure which is the element or parts that only can sustain that pressure. The main efforts are made for this paper to design the pressure vessel for application by using ASME codes & standards to prove he design. The factor affecting in pressure vessel is its pressure and temperature. So if there is changed in pressure and temperature every pressure vessel will have new design.

Present paper presents specific aspects of the design, operation, evaluation and maintenance of hyperbaric pressure vessels designed to operate with an internal pressure of over 30 bars. Considerations regarding the effects of cuttings for manholes, stress concentration and fatigue assessment, in the design stage, the heat affected zones, residual stress due to welding, alignment and/or
planeity of manholes during the construction stage and the evaluation of fatigue induced by cyclic loading and required tests during the operation of such structures are also presented. Moreover, the final part of the paper underlines a series of proposed methods that
could be used to better quantify and evaluate the life span of such structures without the need of costly and time consuming in-field tests. In addition, the proposed methods are desired to reduce the number of incursions in the plastic range in high stress concentration areas.

Bu çalışmada "ASME Section VIII Division 1, 2001 Edition" a göre, belirli deprem yükleri altında tasarlanmış ince cidarlı silindirik kolon türü basınçlı kapların, yeni çalışma şartları ve artan deprem yüklerine göre doğrusal olmayan statik gerilme analizi, özdeğer (eigenvalue) yöntemi ile burkulma analizi, cevap spektrum yüklemesi kullanılarak mod birleştirme yöntemi ile dinamik analiz uygulanması sonucunda en uygun takviyelendirme yönteminin seçilmesi amaçlanmış ve bu yöntem kullanılarak gerçek bir basınçlı kolonun takviyelendirilmesi anlatılmıştır.

Pressure washing the car has always been a cause of concern for people who love their cars. Though it seems a great option, the concern of pressure washer damaging the car haunts some. People always seem to think that the pressure washer is only best for deck stains and sealers or best used as driveway and concrete cleaners. But you would be rather surprised that it is one of the best options to clean your cars.

Pressure cycle tests were performed on two types of Cr–Mo steel pressure vessels with notches machined on their inside under hydrogen-gas pressures, between 0.6 and 45 MPa at room temperature. Fatigue crack growth (FCG) and fracture toughness tests of the Cr–Mo steels samples from the vessels were also carried out in gaseous hydrogen. The Cr–Mo steels showed accelerated FCG rates in gaseous hydrogen compared to ambient air. The fracture toughness of the Cr–Mo steels in gaseous hydrogen was significantly smaller than that in ambient air. Four pressure vessels were tested with gaseous hydrogen. All pressure vessels failed by leak-before-break (LBB). The LBB failure of one pressure vessel could not be estimated by using the fracture toughness in gaseous hydrogen K IC,H ; accordingly, the LBB assessment based on K IC,H is conservative and there is a possibility that K IC,H does not provide a reasonable assessment of LBB. In contrast, the fatigue lives of all pressure vessels could be estimated by using the accelerated FCG rates in gaseous hydrogen. Downloaded From: http://manufacturingscience.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/03/2015 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use