Psychiatry and Psychopathology

"The role that the involvement of parents may play in the treatment outcome of their
children with anxiety disorders is still under debate. Some studies dealing with other
disorders have examined the role that the expressed emotion (EE) construct (parental
overinvolvement, criticism and hostility) may play in treatment outcome and relapse.
Given that some of these aspects have been associated with social anxiety for a long time,
it was hypothesized that EE may be associated with lower treatment outcome. The sample
was composed of 16 adolescents who benefited from a school-based, cognitive-behavioural
intervention aimed at overcoming social anxiety. Then, parents were classified with
high or low EE. The results revealed that the adolescents whose parents had low EE
showed a statistically significant reduction of their social anxiety scores at posttest, as
opposed to adolescents of parents with high expressed emotion. These findings suggest
that parental psychopathology (parents with high EE) should be taken into consideration
to prevent poor adolescent treatment outcome."

Amazon Purchasing Link:

https://www.amazon.com/theory-practice-psychotherapy-specific-disorders/dp/0398025398

DOI Link:
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.123.3.363-a

Book Description:

This book is unique in several basic ways.  It presents a theoretical discussion of the essence of the psychotherapeutic process, which goes beyond just the remediation of pathological symptoms, and also acquaints the reader with the essence of the growth process, which enables one to continue one's personal growth beyond the removal of pathological symptoms to personal maturity, fulfillment, and self-realization.

This book is also unique in that its format approaches the understanding of the therapeutic process through the understanding of the treatment of patients with specific psychopathologies discussed by consistently successful professional psychotherapists.

This book is unique as well in that in addition to the various major neurotic and psychotic disorders, it also covers areas rarely, if ever, found discussed in other psychotherapy books, such as psychodynamics and psychotherapy of suicidal patients, psychotherapy of patients with psychosomatic disorders, psychotherapy of patients with acting-out disorders, psychotherapy of patients with sexual disorders, psychotherapy with the aged, and an entire chapter devoted to establishig some basic criteria for an effective psychotherapy process.

Essentially, this book is designed to serve as a source book or reference book for professional psychotherapists, and students studying to be psychotherapists in such fields as psychology, psychiatry and social work, and it could also be useful as a textbook for advanced courses in psychotherapy, as well as a supplemental text for basic introductory courses in psychotherapy.  Each of the contributors has deliberately taken the pains to try to communicate in a way that will be intelligible to the student, as well as offer material that will be new, informative, and challenging to the more sophisticated clinician. This book goes beyond being what may be called a how-to-do-it type primer. It is not meant to be a structured "cookbook" or set of formulas blueprinting the course of psychotherapy.

Each contributor to this book is a renowned authority  in the area of the treatment of the specific disorder  about which he is writing, and he shares with the reader his understanding of the basic nature of the disorder, along with the therapeutic  considerations and insights that he has found to be most valuable in dealing effectively and successfully with persons with this particular kind of pathology. Case illustrations are appropriately supplied in order to help clarify  for the reader how this contributing therapist deals with the particular kinds of patients under discussion.  However, the suggestions made by each contributor should in no way be interpreted as the only way such problems can be approached and resolved. Rather, it only represents the way that one outstanding clinician tends to deal with the special problems involved in the treatment of persons with the particular disorder under discussion, and it is meant to serve only as a helpful guide for the reader.

As the reader may have already gathered,  the emphasis in this book is primarily focused on the professional and practical aspects rather than on the academic aspects of psychotherapy.  It is meant to fill a void and be consistent with a growing trend today in which professional clinicians and students studying to be psychotherapists want material to study that will provide them with the necessary skills most relevant to exactly what they will be doing in their professional career, rather than the strongly academic emphasis to which they have been exposed at most educational institutions.

This book recognizes that effective psychotherapy is not something that can be learned by being exposed only to theories, techniques, or research findings. Psychotherapy is not just a doing, or a predetermined set of techniques, as such, and, therefore, there is no formula, or systematic defined procedure, that has to be mastered. Rather, it involves an empathically sensitive, genuinely caring, engaged, being-with or intimate experiential communion, and the understanding of patients that naturally arises from that, from which then flows the therapist's appropriate responses. One has to truly, and deeply, here before one can act appropriately and meaningfully. Thus, the best way for one to really come to learn anything significant about effective psychotherapy is to have those clinicians who are truly masters of the art and science of psychotherapy share with others their sensitive and profound understanding of the nature of psychotherapy with patients with particular pathological symptoms.

This milestone text provides a comprehensive and state-of-the art overview of perfectionism theory, research, and treatment from the past 25 years, with contributions from the leading researchers in the field. The book examines new theories and perspectives including the social disconnection model of perfectionism and the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism. It also reviews empirical findings, with a special focus on stress, vulnerability, and resilience, and examines perfectionism in specific populations. Finally, it considers how perfectionism relates to physical health and psychophysiological processes and introduces new approaches to effective prevention and treatment. By increasing our understanding of perfectionism as a complex personality disposition and providing a framework for future explorations, this landmark publication aims to promote further research in this field. It will be invaluable reading for academics, students, and professionals in personality psychology, clinical and counselling psychology, applied psychology and related disciplines.

To investigate if repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was as effective as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating major depressive episodes and to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis. A single-blind pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) with 6 months of follow-up to test equivalence of rTMS with ECT. The South London and Maudsley NHS Trust and Pembury Hospital in the Invicta Mental Health Trust in Kent. Right-handed adult patients referred for ECT for treatment of a major depressive episode (DSM-IV) were assessed. During the 2.5-year trial period, 260 patients were referred for ECT, of whom 46 entered the trial. The main reason for not entering the trial was not consenting to ECT while being formally treated under the UK Mental Health Act 1983. Patients were randomised to receive a 15-day course of rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (n = 24) or a course of ECT (n = 22). Patients were assessed before randomisation, at end of treatm...

Smartphones og ipads sluger meget tid i mange menneskers hverdag. Men hvilke konsekvenser har dette for vores samvær med andre, vores familieliv, vores børns udvikling og lærer/elev-relationen? Menneskets urinstinkter styres af behovet for sex, føde, og at holde os orienteret og at være en del af flokken.

Denne bog beskriver, hvordan den digitale teknologi og de sociale medier tilfredsstiller og udnytter disse instinkter. IT-teknologien og markedet af sociale medier styrer vores adfærd mod det hurtige digitale kick og væk fra det krævende, langsomme, men livgivende nærvær med andre mennesker. Men hvem har interesse i, at vi almindelige mennesker bruger så meget tid online og hvorfor?

Bogen dykker ned i den nyeste forskning omkring vores internetadfærd og sætter den sammen med en grundlæggende forståelse af menneskets psykologiske natur og behov. Bogen er tiltænkt forældre og lærere, psykologer og pædagoger, samfunds- og teknologi-interesserede, og er derudover velegnet til at blive læst og anvendt  i gymnasieklasser. Her får du nemlig svar på alt det, som du ikke vidste om dig selv, og hvorfor du går på internettet – læs den og få boosted din digitale dannelse og kompetencer.

Appendikset er bogens praktiske del med de vigtigste spørgeskemaer for digital afhængighed, som du kan afprøve. Dertil giver appendikset en række råd og anbefalinger til dig, som gerne vil have et sundere digitalt liv, heriblandt et fire ugers Digital Detox-program for børn og unge.

The paper deals with two central issues in the philosophy of neuroscience and psychiatry, namely those of the nature and
the major kinds and types of psychopathological mechanisms. Contrary to a widespread view, I argue that mechanisms are not kinds of systems but kinds of processes unfolding in systems or between systems. More precisely, I argue that psychopathological mechanisms are sets of actions and interactions between brain-systems or circuits as well as between the latter and other systems in one’s body and external environment, both physical and social, involved in human psychopathology. According to the kinds of properties of the interacting systems or their component-parts, psychopathological mechanisms may be physical, chemical, biological, psychological, social, or, typically, mixed
ones. Furthermore, I focus on two main kinds of psychopathological mechanisms involved in the causation of mental disorders, namely the pathogenetic and pathophysiological ones, stressing the importance of their careful distinction for the integrative understanding of otherwise disparate and apparently incommensurable psychiatric research findings. I illustrate my analysis with an example drawn from contemporary research on the mechanisms of acute psychosis. Finally, I stress the relevance of psychopathological mechanisms to a more scientifi cally-grounded classification of mental disorders.

Carola Blitzman Eisenberg, MD, now retired but actively involved in human rights work through Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), and elsewhere, was the Dean of Students of MIT (the first woman to hold that position at MIT), then Dean of Student Affairs at Harvard Medical School (HMS) (1978–1990). She has for a long time been Lecturer in the newly renamed Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at HMS (formerly the Department of Social Medicine). She is also Honorary Psychiatrist with the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, a longstanding position there.

Benjamin Rush is considered by many as the father of American Psychiatry. In his book he presents a complex taxonomy of mental disorders where many criteria (including severity, course and causality) apart from the kind of symptoms shape the classification. In this paper his ideas on mania are presented. It is a strictly medical approach, with an emphasis on somatic symptoms which is incommensurable to current psychopathology. It appears clearly that at the beginning of the Nineteenth-Century American psychiatry was deeply influenced by European descriptions. As the reader can see at that time mania was a wide concept including many symptoms which were later severed in different diagnoses. On this respect, in Rush’s mania there is no sign of the distinction between affective and cognitive illnesses, a distinction that had to characterize the end of the century and (thanks to Kraepelin) had to inform Twentieth-Century nosologies. In this paper, the concept of agitation is enlarged to include many phenomena that current classifications would consider as part of schizophrenia. However, the current tendency to enlarge the concept of bipolarity in order to include so many forms of agitation and excitation spread a new light on this old book evoking the return of an old, pre-Kraepelinian stance.

[AMAZON LINK BELOW TO BOOK ITSELF -- TOC and book intro in downloadable .pdf] 

"It is a common experience that a problem difficult at night is resolved in the morning after the committee of sleep has worked on it." --John Steinbeck Scientific research confirms what people have always known: answers, ideas, and inspiration do come to us in dreams. Harvard psychologist and world-renowned dream specialist Deirdre Barrett, Ph.D., offers this rich collection of examples of how the world's most creative practitioners in art, music, film, science, literature and other fields have used the revelations of their dream life to inform their work. Dr. Barrett offers insights showing us how to encourage lucid, meaningful dreaming, and how to apply the meanings of our dreams to solving problems--from the everyday to the extraordinary. This is the stuff dreams are made of. In the visual arts, Jasper Johns couldn't find his unique artistic vision until he dreamed it in the form of a large American flag. Salvador Dali and his colleagues built the startling new genre of surrealism out of dreams. Kubla Kahn dreamed the design for his stately pleasure dome; thousands of years later, Lucy Davis, chief architect at a major firm, continues the tradition of dreaming designs into life in her extraordinary buildings. Film is a fertile avenue for dreams: "Twice I have transferred dreams to film exactly as I had dreamed them," confides director Ingmar Bergman, as have Federico Fellini, Orson Welles, Akira Kurosawa, Robert Altman, and John Sayles. From Mary Shelley's terrible nightmare, which became Frankenstein, to Stephen King's haunting dream as a little boy, which led to his first bestseller, countless writers have consulted the Committee. Musicians from Beethoven to Billy Joel and Paul McCartney have whistled the Committee's tunes. In science, physiologist Otto Loewi dreamed the medical experiment that earned him the Nobel Prize. In sports, Marion Jones dreamed she'd broken a world record, then brought the dream to life. Gandhi translated his dream of resistance into a movement that changed the world. Since Freud, we take it for granted that our dreams reflect our past. In The Committee of Sleep, Barrett reveals how dreams can also tell us about our future potential--and how to reach it.

ABSTRACT IN ROMANIAN
Această prezentare își propune o sinteză practică a aspectelor esențiale de diagnostic,  tratament și prevenție a celor mai frecvente afecțiuni mentale. Se pune accentul in mod deosebit pe terapiile non-farmacologice/non-medicamentoase ale bolilor psihice si pe componenta preventivă a tratamentelor în aceste afecțiuni.
#DONATIONS. Anyone can donate for dr. Dragoi’s independent research and original music at: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=AQYGGDVDR7KH2
*
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH
This presentation aims at a practical synthesis/review of the essential elements of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the most common mental disorders. Particular emphasis is placed on non-pharmacological / non-drug therapies of psychiatric diseases and the preventive component of treatments in these disorders.
Authors:
Dr. Maria Roman, medic primar psihiatru, șef de secție femei cronic, Spitalul Municipal Sighetu Marmației; Competențe: psihoterapie integrativă și sistemică, hipnoză Ericksoniană, sexologie (www.facebook.com/PSIHOCONFORT/)
Coautor (documentare tehnoredactare parțiale): Dr. Andrei-Lucian Drăgoi, medic specialist pediatru (www.dragoii.com)
#DONATIONS. Anyone can donate for dr. Dragoi’s independent research and original music at: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=AQYGGDVDR7KH2

Aim

As the population ages, the problem of dementia increases and affects a growing number of people. People with mental illness are known to be stigmatised and this has been the subject of numerous studies. There have been contradictory studies assessing the stigma attached to dementia, and the majority focus on stigma at a social level and the public perception of people with dementia. There have been a number of projects that included a study group of people with dementia. However, to date, this topic has not been discussed in Poland. Hence, the aim of this paper is to carry out a literature review addressing this issue.

Perspective

The problem of stigma attached to dementia is particularly significant as it affects not only the subject, but also their family, friends and health professionals. As people with dementia develop cognitive impairment and lose their independence, stigmatisation leads to their social isolation, despite their need for care. Stigma has emotional, behavioural and social implications, including diminished self-esteem, a feeling of anxiety and the development of a sense of shame and a fear of the judgement of others. Family members also deal with the stigma, which manifests itself as embarrassment and anxiety and causes their circle of friends and acquaintances to decrease. Current studies show that professionals can also play a negative role in the process of labelling and stigmatisation of patients.

Conclusion

Stigma is a serious and common problem in dementia. It seems necessary to target this issue in research and social discourse.

The 100th anniversary of the outbreak of World War 1 could be viewed as a tempting opportunity to acknowledge the
origins of military psychiatry and the start of a journey from psychological ignorance to enlightenment. However, the
psychiatric legacy of the war is ambiguous. During World War 1, a new disorder (shellshock) and a new treatment
(forward psychiatry) were introduced, but the former should not be thought of as the fi rst recognition of what is now
called post-traumatic stress disorder and the latter did not off er the solution to the management of psychiatric casualties,
as was subsequently claimed. For this Series paper, we researched contemporary publications, classifi ed military reports,
and casualty returns to reassess the conventional narrative about the eff ect of shellshock on psychiatric practice. We
conclude that the expression of distress by soldiers was culturally mediated and that patients with postcombat syndromes
presented with symptom clusters and causal interpretations that engaged the attention of doctors but also resonated
with popular health concerns. Likewise, claims for the effi cacy of forward psychiatry were infl ated. The vigorous debates
that arose in response to controversy about the nature of psychiatric disorders and the discussions about how these
disorders should be managed remain relevant to the trauma experienced by military personnel who have served in Iraq
and Afghanistan. The psychiatric history of World War 1 should be thought of as an opportunity for commemoration
and in terms of its contemporary relevance—not as an opportunity for self-congratulation.

Verleiding is een kernbegrip van waaruit de psychoanalyse zich ontwikkeld heeft. Eerst als oorzaak van neurotische klachten. Vervolgens als onbewuste wens en fantasie, die in conflict met de eisen van de buitenwereld het intrapsychische medestructureren. De verhouding tussen innerlijke psychische realiteit en externe gebeurtenissen, zoals incest, intrafamiliaal geweld, vervolging, marteling en vernietigingskampen, heeft sindsdien een merkwaardige lacune in de psychoanalytische theorievorming opgeleverd. Het lijkt of er een stilzwijgende communis opinio is ontstaan waarin de effecten van reële traumatische gebeurtenissen in het klinische werk volledig geaccepteerd worden. Ze zijn onderwerp van klinische beschrijving en klinische theorievorming.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a complex psychological condition which severely affects many different aspects of the life of persons suffering from it. Its broad impact is reflected in the DSM-criteria of diagnosis, which applies if five out of the nine following symptoms are present: unstable personal relationships, identity disturbances, impulsivity, self-mutilation, affective instability due to reactivity of mood, chronic feelings of emptiness, intense anger or difficulties in controlling anger, peculiar behavior to avoid abandonment, and paranoid ideation. Such a variety of symptoms implies heterogeneity in the manifestation of BPD across individuals. Yet in all cases BPD appears to consist in "a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity" (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 663), as the DSM's definition suggests. While there is broad agreement on the latter, two related questions have remained unanswered in the vast literature on BPD. Both concern its clinical picture: (1) How does the BPD instability pattern emerge and persist over time? (2) How do phenomena associated with the different kinds of instability relate to each other? Not only do researchers diverge significantly in their understanding of the development of BPD, the causal factors that are taken to underlie the BPD instability pattern are as multifarious as trauma in young age, emotional, sexual or physical abuse, parental neglect or invalidation in the home environment, neurophysiology (lack of oxytocin), and organic brain disease or trauma (Cameron, Calderwood & McMurphy, 2018; Keinänen, Johnson, Richards & Courtney, 2012). Moreover, while correlations between instability in identity, affect, and interpersonal relationships have been described by numerous empirical studies, it is still an open question how exactly these symptoms interrelate. Should they be conceived in atomistic terms, i.e., is the instability pattern and its related phenomena held together by different causes? Or is a holistic view more accurate, according to which there is an intrinsic connection between the different forms of instability and related phenomena? This paper aims to gather evidence for a holistic account of the BPD instability pattern by examining the experiences associated with BPD instability in the spheres of identity, affect, and interpersonal relationships and describing their phenomenological structure. Descriptions

The official birth of hysterical anorexia is attributed to the French alienist Ernest Charles Lasègue (1816-1883). Starting from his 1873 article, anorexia as a 'new' psychopathological picture is subjected to extensive clinical and theoretical study. This paper is not an analysis about the process through which anorexia was formalized as specific psychiatric condition. Rather, it focuses on another important issue: the possibility that the 'same' disorder may have diff erent meaning depending on the historical period considered. Furthermore, it is asserted that the study of every pathological form is conditioned by social, individual and cultural conditions. For example, in the same year the English Sir William Gull publishes a paper about " anorexia nervosa " which is described in a different way depending on the diff erent perspective. Lasègue's description is a way of seeing a kind of sufferance, that is he 'sees' this pathology through the hysterical paradigm. Starting from these considerations, this article discusses the construct of 'hysterical anorexia' trying to understand why, in late nineteenth century France, hysteria and anorexia were viewed as two aspects of the same specific disorder. Finally, it is discussed why anorexia gradually emerged as an independent mental disorder just after the death of Charcot (1893).

[AMAZON LINK BELOW TO BOOK ITSELF
-- TOC and book summary in downloadable .pdf] 
According to the poet Elias Canetti, "All the things one has forgotten / scream for help in dreams." To the ancient Egyptians they were prophecies, and in world folklore they have often marked visitations from the dead. For Freud they were expressions of "wish fulfillment," and for Jung, symbolic representations of mythical archetypes. Although there is still much disagreement about the significance and function of dreams, they seem to serve as a barometer of current mind and body states.

In this volume, Deirdre Barrett brings together the study of dreams and the psychology of trauma. She has called on a distinguished group of psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers--among them Rosalind Cartwright, Robert J. Lifton, and Oliver Sacks--to consider how trauma shapes dreaming and what the dreaming mind might reveal about trauma. The book focuses on catastrophic events, such as combat, political torture, natural disasters, and rape. The lasting effects of childhood trauma, such as sexual abuse or severe burns, on personality formation, the nature of memories of early trauma, and the development of defenses related to amnesia and dissociation are all considered. The book also takes up trauma and adult dreams, including Vietnam veterans and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Holocaust survivors and perpetrators, rape victims, and firestorm survivors. Finally, this volume concludes with a look at the potential "traumas of normal life," such as divorce, bereavement, and life-threatening illness, and the role of dreams in working through normal grief and loss.

Taken together, these diverse perspectives illuminate the universal and the particular effects of traumatic experience. For physicians and clinicians, determining the etiology of nightmares offers valuable diagnostic and therapeutic insights for individual treatment. This book provides a way of juxtaposing the research in the separate fields of trauma and dreams, and learning from their discoveries.

Background: The study aimed to elucidate previously observed associations between morningness-eveningness and depressive symptomatology in university students. Relations between components of depressive symptomatology and morningness-eveningness were analysed.
Methods: Nine hundred and seventy-four university students completed Polish versions of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies – Depression scale (CES-D; Polish translation appended to this paper) and the Composite Scale of Morningness. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to test the structure of depressive symptoms. Pearson and partial correlations (with age and sex controlled), along with regression analyses with morning affect (MA) and circadian preference as predictors, were used.
Results: PCA revealed three components of depressive symptoms: depressed/somatic affect, positive affect, interpersonal relations. Greater MA was related to less depressive symptoms in three components. Morning circadian preference was related to less depressive symptoms in depressed/somatic and positive affects and unrelated to interpersonal relations. Both morningness-eveningness components exhibited stronger links with depressed/somatic and positive affects than with interpersonal relations. Three CES-D components exhibited stronger links with MA than with circadian preference. In regression analyses only MA was statistically significant for positive affect and better interpersonal relations, whereas more depressed/somatic affect was predicted by lower MA and morning circadian preference (relationship reversed compared to correlations).
Limitations: Self-report assessment.
Conclusions: There are three groups of depressive symptoms in Polish university students. Associations of MA with depressed/somatic and positive affects are primarily responsible for the observed links between morningness-eveningness and depressive symptoms in university students. People with evening circadian preference whose MA is not lowered have less depressed/somatic affect.

Cet article se propose d'esquisser une métapsychologie de la psychose en se focalisant uniquement sur la description des processus psychiques qui sont caractéristiques de chaque pathologie, ce qui permet de dégager leur logique propre, et de montrer à chaque fois la dimension spatiale ou temporelle dont le patient fait abstraction. En effet, les discours et les comportements de la psychose nous apparaissent souvent comme incohérents, et pourtant, ils suivent des processus psychiques qui sont à la fois logiques et spécifiques à chaque pathologie, tel est du moins ce que cet article se propose de montrer en s'appuyant sur des vignettes cliniques. Il s'agira de voir comment l'expérience mal acquise de l'espace et du temps conduit les patients psychotiques à suivre des logiques imaginaires, que les logiciens appellent aussi des logiques formelles, parce qu'elles ont la particularité de faire abstraction d'une dimension spatiale ou temporelle de l'expérience, tandis qu'en pareille situation, les patients névrosés suivent des logiques empiriques. Ainsi, chaque pathologie de la psychose suit une logique imaginaire qui lui est propre : le processus psychique spécifique à l'autisme suit une logique trivalente ou floue, celui de la schizophrénie suit une logique hypothétique ou non-monotone, celui de la paranoïa suit une logique répétitive ou fractale, et celui des troubles bipolaires suit une logique associative, ce que l'on appelle respectivement dans la clinique de la psychose l'indifférenciation, l'hallucination, la systématisation, et le discours logorrhéique du coq à l'âne.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar em linhas gerais de que maneira a psicose é diagnosticada e tratada pela psicoterapia institucional. Partiremos da tese de doutorado de Tosquelles, na qual a psicose é pensada como fenômeno existencial comparável à experiência de fim de mundo. Trata-se aqui de salientar a importância da compreensão da experiência do doente e de sua elaboração criativa no desenvolvimento do quadro psicótico. Em seguida, analisaremos de que maneira Oury une a teoria de Tosquelles à psicanálise para desenvolver uma clínica multirreferencial e polifônica. No interior desse quadro teórico e prático, buscaremos traçar a inflexão política que Guattari dará à experiência clínica da psicoterapia institucional. Palavras-chave: esquizofrenia; psicose; instituição; transversalidade; subjetividades.
Abstract: Guattari and institutional psychotherapy. The purpose of this article is to outline how psychosis is diagnosed and treated by institutional psychotherapy. We will begin with Tosquelles' doctoral thesis, in which psychosis is thought as an existential phenomenon comparable to the experience of the end of the world. It is important to emphasize the importance of understanding the patient's experience and his creative elaboration in the development of the psychotic picture. Then, we will analyze how Oury unites the theory of Tosquelles to psychoanalysis to develop a multirreferential and polyphonic clinic. Within this theoretical and practical framework we will trace the political inflection that Guattari will attribute to the experience of self-management proposed by institutional psychotherapy.

In many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia, symptoms are present that appear to reflect an essential absence of normal movement, cognition and emotional states. These negative symptoms might reflect fundamental impairments in basic brain mechanisms that underlie goal-directed behaviour. Knowledge of the pathology and pathophysiology of these diseases, combined with evidence from basic science, offers opportunities for understanding the neurobiological basis of goal-directed behaviour, particularly the interaction between limbic structures and striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. The study of patients with negative symptoms also provides opportunities for testing cognitive models of goal-directed behaviour, and eventually to map such models onto the neurobiology of both normal and abnormal behaviour.

Partiendo del principio protestante del "sacerdocio de todos los creyentes", que propuso Lutero , se plantean las implicaciones teológicas y eclesiales de este "sacerdocio universal", como la confesión de la "sanctorum communio". Se hace una intersección con la salud mental, en cuanto la comunidad cristiana responde, desde una ética del dolor, a las experiencias de sufrimiento psíquico. Se plantean las miradas de comprensión de dicho sufrimiento desde la psicopatología y los abordajes psicoterapéuticos, así como se plantean las formas de intervención desde las comunidades de fe para el crecimiento y la curación.

Mental diseases and disorders are an ongoing formation from past to present. Many models have been introduced for the causes and treatments of these formations in history and today. Some of these models and treatments have had a positive effect on people, while others have only had negative effects or have been inadequate. One of the most important models of this issue in the last century is the developmental psychopathology (DP) model. One of the important books written on developmental psychopathology and which is the main source of this article is "Developmental Psychopathology as a Scientific Discipline" by Stephen P. Hinshaw. In this article, I will first summarize the first chapter of Hinshaw's book, then I will include my own views on this subject.

Il s’agit d’une étude audacieuse sur la production sociale de l’anorexie. La première partie formule les enjeux méthodologiques de cette approche sociologique qui s’installe au coeur même d’un trouble à travers une série d’entretiens ethnographiques , la seconde décrit la façon de devenir anorexique à partir de l’autocontrôle alimentaire de patientes ; la troisième réinscrit ce processus dans l’espace social.

Therapy can be confusing: two people converse in a private room, one in distress, the other described as a helpful expert. At least one of the two is likely to express thoughts and feelings usually kept secret. In other circumstances, the exchange of such intimacies may herald a more physical relationship. For therapists, however, the professional relationship explicitly precludes such contact. The BACP Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling and Psychotherapy,1 for example, requires that practitioners must not abuse their client’s trust in order to gain sexual, emotional, financial, or any other kind of personal advantage. Sexual relations with clients are prohibited, along with sexualised behaviour.

While psychotherapists and counsellors generally acknowledge that sexual attraction is a common and often ordinary human response to another, they also recognise that acting on such feelings in therapy will quickly become problematic. The early psychoanalytic community had to confront and respond to such instances as Jung’s relationship with Sabina Spielrein.2 Rosie Alexander’s3 description of the times she sat on her therapist’s knee and felt his erection, elicits a mixture of emotions in the reader, not least shock, and the narrative is saturated with a sense of betrayal.

There have been several types of research investigating boundary breaches and sexual boundary violations.4 In spite of these, however, there is little certainty about how common sexual boundary violations are, as the sources of information about them (confession, client reporting, complaints to organisations, and knowledge of colleagues’ conduct) are all vulnerable to error. Further studies have attempted to identify characteristics of transgressing therapists and the factors that contribute to such events (see Moggi et al5 for an example), and to understand the effects on clients who have experienced therapist-client sex.6 If sexual feelings are ubiquitous and sexual attraction a real possibility in the context of the therapy relationship, how are these managed in therapy? Complaints about sexual boundary violations form a small proportion of complaints about therapists and health professionals.4, 7, 8 Is it the prospect of opprobrium from colleagues or the threat of sanctions from regulatory agencies that contains the relationship within professional boundaries? Do reported violations represent only a small proportion of actual sexual boundary violations? .......

Nel presente lavoro si presentano lo stato dell’arte sull’Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) e alcuni modelli teorici alternativi critici rispetto alla categoria di Dipendenza da internet. La rassegna della letteratura mostra che l’IAD è un concetto ombrello e che non è presente una definizione univoca. Parlare di una generica “dipendenza da internet” è poco utile nella società odierna nella quale una grande mole di attività viene svolta online. Nello studio vengono illustrate le criticità teoriche e metodologiche del costrutto univoco di IAD che hanno portato alcuni ricercatori a spostare il focus su specifiche psicopatologie relate a Internet. Sono importanti nuovi studi sistematici sulle specifiche attività disfunzionali svolte online in modo che le strategie di prevenzione e di trattamento non si risolvano in una semplicistica diminuzione dell’uso di Internet ma che orientino l’utente verso condotte di navigazione più funzionali.

Il presente lavoro intende far emergere le peculiarità del processo di soggettivazione di un gemello rispetto ad un nato singolo. Al fine di ciò, è stata posta la vita prenatale della coppia come oggetto d’indagine, in quanto ritenuta la primaria fonte di esperienza dell’Altro e il nucleo centrale dello scarto tra gemello e fratello.

Questo libro ci introduce ai fondamenti di un approccio nato dall'incontro fra la psicopatologia fenomenologica e la psicoterapia della Gestalt. Pur muovendo dalle basi teoriche-profonde e complesse-di queste prospettive, è strutturato in modo didattico e accessibile a partire dalle domande che l'autore ha ricevuto durante i seminari svolti in tutto il mondo negli ultimi vent'anni. I vari capitoli sono le risposte alle domande che gli allievi e i colleghi hanno posto all'autore. Questo percorso dà vita a un modo di comprendere la sofferenza psichica secondo un approccio fenomenologico e di campo. Da queste basi, emerge una lettura radicalmente relazionale sia dei modi in cui la sofferenza nasce, sia dei modi in cui la psicoterapia agisce. L'effetto di questa esplorazione impatta profondamente la clinica: la psicopatologia diventa lo studio delle forme dell'assenza e la psicoterapia diventa l'arte della presenza. Gianni Francesetti, psichiatra e psicoterapeuta della Gestalt, didatta e supervisore internazionale, ha pubblicato alcuni testi fondamentali sull'approccio fenomenologico-gestaltico alla psicopatologia e alla clinica. È docente incaricato dell'insegnamento "Il modello fenomenologico esistenziale e la sua applicazione in ambito clinico' presso il

Law Enforcement Use of Force is one of 10 major topics that impacts the  forensic sciences as it pertains to the intersection of crime, psychology, and law, that has been at the forefront of why I am a PhD student in Walden University’s “FPSY” program. The use statistical methods in profession of forensic psychology, but as a consumer, citizen, and scholar-practitioner, it will be important for researchers or practitioners to convert a critical consumer of research with the empowerment to read, interpret, and evaluate the strength of claims made in scholarly material or daily news. Thirteen sources that were chosen in this order, to represent the design of the literature review as they pertain to the main topic law enforcement use of force and correlate to current dilemmas or trends impacted by police departments across the U.S. and each source has a corresponding theme that precedes the article title, then the author(s) in parentheses, and the conclusion will focus on possible alternatives from case studies reflecting what is recommended concerning alternatives in reduction of unnecessary police use of force: Theme 1: New Mexico Case Law: Mental Illness, City of Albuquerque & Feds Reach a Deal (Sandlin, 2005; Santos, 2014; Johnson, 2014). Theme 2: Police Academy Students, Supervisor-officer Vs. Sergeant-officer, Electronic Control Devices with the Use of Force (Fekjaer, 2014; Ingram, 2013; Lin and Jones, 2010). Theme 3: Police Encountering the Mentally Ill Population, Stigma of Mental Illness, Police Corruptive Behavior (Scantlebury, Fairhurst, Booth, McDaid, Moran, Parker, Payne, Scott, Torgerson, Webber, and Hewitt, 2017; West, Yanos, and Mulay, 2014; Carr, 2017). Theme 4: Self-Care for Police Mental Well-being, Case Law on Police Rights and Violence, Qualified Immunity Vs. Excessive Force (Bullock and Garland, 2018; Greene, 2015; Davis and Davis, 2017). For the conclusion, the discussion will center on: Use of force reduction or alternatives (Prenzler, Porter, and Alpert, 2013); The impact of the mental health effect and economic impression affecting city government: law enforcement and public health as an emerging field (van Dijk and Crofts, 2017); Helping persons with mental illness, with partnerships between police and mobile crisis units (Lord and Bjerregaard, 2014).

In the last decades, due the continuous and growing confirmation of science, which emphasized the usefulness and effectiveness of Eastern meditative philosophical practices, Tai-Chi Chuan has spread throughout the West. However, what is essentially Tai-Chi Chuan, is often not clear, and its essence also escapes many whom are fascinated by it . An ancient Taoist technique of longevity that applies the principles of Yin and Yang....