This paper examines the growth effects of government expenditure for a panel of thirty developing countries over the decades of the 1970s and 1980s, with a particular focus on sectoral expenditures. Our methodology improves on previous... more
This paper examines the growth effects of government expenditure for a panel of thirty developing countries over the decades of the 1970s and 1980s, with a particular focus on sectoral expenditures. Our methodology improves on previous research on this topic by explicitly recognising the role of the government budget constraint and the possible biases arising from omitted variables. Our primary results are twofold. Firstly, the share of government capital expenditure in GDP is positively and significantly correlated with economic growth, but current expenditure is insignificant. Secondly, at the sectoral level, government investment and total expenditures in education are the only outlays that are significantly associated with growth once the budget constraint and omitted variables are taken into consideration. Therefore, we conclude that education is the key to growth for developing countries.
Este trabajo analiza el impacto de las políticas de financiamiento público a la educación superior en México durante el periodo 1988-2003, considerando la experiencia de las universidades públicas estatales (UPE). Se sostiene que la... more
Este trabajo analiza el impacto de las políticas de financiamiento público a la educación superior en México durante el periodo 1988-2003, considerando la experiencia de las universidades públicas estatales (UPE). Se sostiene que la estrategia gubernamental de asignar fondos ...
Resumo Desde o acesso ao mercado até o termo da comercialização, os medicamentos percorrem ciclos de valor, que são aferidos pelo desempenho de variáveis endógenas e exógenas ao medicamento. Os ciclos de valor constituem intervalos de... more
Resumo Desde o acesso ao mercado até o termo da comercialização, os medicamentos percorrem ciclos de valor, que são aferidos pelo desempenho de variáveis endógenas e exógenas ao medicamento. Os ciclos de valor constituem intervalos de tempo durante o qual o valor se mantém constante. A definição do preço dos medicamentos deve ter lugar em função do valor observado em cada ciclo. O contrato como instrumento de regulação das relações jurídicas administrativas com os titulares das autorizações de utilização de medicamentos, dispositivos médicos e outras tecnologias de saúde compromete-os com os objetivos do sistema de saúde em que se inserem, enquadrando as condições de comparticipação ou aquisição mediante avaliação prévia. Palavras-chave: preço do medicamento; financiamento governamental; gastos em saúde. Abstract From access to term of marketing, medicines go through value cycles measured by the performance of endogenous and exogenous variables. Marketing access includes efficacy, safety profile, and therapeutic indications, whereas term of marketing comprises drug life cycle and public health priorities. The value cycles are time intervals during which the value is constant. The setting of the price of pharmaceuticals should occur according to the value observed in each cycle. A system of pricing based on value cycles is dynamic, transparent, and geared towards efficiency and sustainability. Agreement as a regulatory tool of administrative and legal relationship with the marketing authorization holder is committed to the goals of the health care system.
