Queueing theory

The performance of the combined guard channels and mobile handoff call admission control is studied. If a handoff call arrives, and there are not enough channels for its service, it is queued in a finite buffer. Two customer types, narrowband (voice calls) and wideband (data, video and media) are considered. Matrix algorithmic techniques are used to solve the balance equations to calculate the different performance measures of the system. The results indicate that when handoff calls are queued, handoff call dropping is reduced for both types of calls and there is an increase in the bandwidth utilization. There is no noticeable change in the blocking probability of new calls. Increasing the size of the queue, led to further reduction in the handoff call dropping and increase in the bandwidth utilization.

The effect of handoff call signal strength on the performance of the combined guard channels and mobile assisted handoff with handoff queueing is studied. If a handoff call arrives and it has an acceptable signal quality, and there are not enough channels for its service, it is queued in a finite buffer. If during its dwell time in the queue, enough channels become available, it is immediately serviced, otherwise if its dwell time is completed, and no channels are available for its service it is dropped. Two customer types, narrowband (voice calls) and wideband (data, video and media) are considered. Matrix algorithmic techniques are used to solve the balance equations to calculate the different performance measures of the system. The results indicate that when the handoff calls with good signal strength have higher probability of being accepted, the blocking probability of new calls of both types increase much more than for the handoff call dropping. Average channel utilization is ...

Regular and correct hand hygiene is one of the most important measures to prevent infection with the COVID-19 virus. WASH practitioners should work to enable more frequent and regular hand hygiene by improving access to hand hygiene facilities to support good hand hygiene behavior. Performing hand hygiene at the right time, using the right technique with either an alcohol-based hand rub and soap and water is critical. It makes water to be an essential resource in the fight against the pandemic. This article ventured into the analysis of water demand by Kisii County householders. This article employed a triple exponential smoothing method. The exponential smoothing methods usually applied in the analysis of univariate time series data. This study employed the Cox-Stuart method to determine the trend of the data. Since p-value = 0.00001141 < the significance level (α) = 0.05, this study concluded that the water data has a trend. The parameters of the triple exponential smoothing we...

Markovian models basically refers to models which, largely, relies on the present state to predict the future. A birth process refers to the arrival of a customer to a system and a death process explains the departure of a customer from a system. This study modelled queues at the revenue collection points using the Markovian birth-death analytical models. The traffic intensity and waiting times were estimated from the secondary data collected from the revenue collection point. The focus was on Markovian queuing systems with infinite capacity that is M/M/m models, where m≥1. The queuing model employed at Bus Park Revenue collection point was identified to be M/M/2. The traffic intensity of the service station was estimated and it was discovered that the Birth rate > death rate, that is ρ2 =1.029412, indicating that the system was unstable. This indicated that the queue could grow indefinitely. As a result it was difficult to obtain other performance parameters. As a remedy, this s...

In queuing theory one deals with the mathematical analysis of the performance of queuing systems. In our daily lives customers encounter queues while seeking services in institutions. The increase in the number of customers has resulted to congestion at revenue collection points in Kenyan towns. There is therefore need to study the queuing systems to identify possible remedies. This study sought to fit a queuing model to bus park revenue collection point as a preliminary action in studying the congestion problem in Kisii town, Kenya. The study considered and collected data on the inter-arrival times, service times and the number of servers at Kisii Bus Park Revenue Collection Point. The inter-arrival and service times were plotted and compared to a plot of a theoretical exponential distribution. The inter-arrival times resembled a theoretical exponential distribution with a parameter 1.022 and the service times resembled a theoretical exponential distribution with a parameter 1.209....

Queuing theory is the branch of Operations research in applied mathematics and deals with phenomenon of waiting lines. Queuing theory is concerned with the mathematical modeling and analysis of systems which provides service to random demands. In this paper, we have focused the applications of queuing theory in the field of healthcare (hospital) i.e. one of the biological paradigm. The health systems should have an ability to deliver safe, efficient and smooth services to the patients. We considered different departments of health care sector such as patient’s registration department, outpatients department and pharmacy department and also observed different processes in the system by queuing models. Different queues and numbers of servers involved in the processes are also observed by using appropriate probability distributions. The arrival process calculated by exponential distributions and service process is measured by Poisson distributions. Single server M/M/1 and multiple serv...

Many service providers often categorize their users into multi-classes, depending on their service requirements. Each class has strict quality of service (QoS) demands (e.g., minimum required service rate or transfer time) that must be ensured throughout its service. In some cases, priorities are also assigned in a multi-class user’s environment to ensure that the important class user shall be serviced first. In this paper, we have developed a novel Markov chain based analytical model to investigate and evaluate a multi-class queuing system with a strict QoS requirement and priority constraints. Experimental analysis is conducted for two users classes, i.e., class-1 (may be free/student users) and class-2 (may be paid/research users). Each class requests have strict QoS requirements in terms of the minimum required rate (MRR) that must be ensured throughout its lifetime once the request is admitted into the system. Secondly, class-2 requests have preemption priority over class-1, i....

Machine to Machine, (M2M) is an emerging technology in communication system and networking research area. It is also referred to as Machine Type Communication (MTC). The M2M communication is considered as an indispensable part of Internet of Thing (IoT). One of the major challenge of incorporating MTC devices into 5G Heterogeneous Network (HetNets) is to overcome the overload problem caused by the huge number of concurrent and ubiquitous access attempts of MTC devices. When differentiated M2M services coexist, such as emerging alerting and regular monitoring services, the problem becomes more and more complicated and challenging. This is because emerging alerting services are High – Priority (HP) services, they need to access to the Base Station within a short stipulated time frame Whereas regular monitoring services are Low-Priority (LP) services, they get much fewer chance to access the network. To conquer the problem, we propose an efficient Random Access Channel (RACH) mechanism...