RAPD

The bank vole, Myodes glareolus, lives in deciduous forests in Northern Anatolia. Eighty-four individuals collected from 17 localities in Turkey were studied to reveal the differentiation of M. glareolus by RAPD markers. Fifteen RAPD markers were tested and they yielded 142 DNA bands. Nei's (1978) genetic distance and similarity calculations were used in order to show the genetic relationships between the populations studied. The total genetic diversity and genetic differentiation values were calculated as H=0.1571 and G ST =0.4170, respectively. Nei's genetic distance (D) ranged from 0.026 to 0.124. Thus the most genetically distant populations were Kandıra and Sümela with D=0.124, while the closest ones were Şile and Kandıra with D=0.026. The dendrogram based on the genetic distance data showed two main groups. The first group, including western populations, was divided into two subgroups; the first subgroup contained the Uludağ population and the second subgroup the remaining western populations. The second group, including eastern populations, was also separated into two subgroups. The first subgroup consisted of the Sümela population while the other eastern populations formed the second subgroup.

To characterize 20 genotypes of Psidium spp., observations were recorded for leaf blade length and width, petiole length, vein number, leaf surface area, leaf shape, leaf apex and base shape, upper and lower leaf surface colour, leaves colour during winters, leaf texture, pubescence and leaf lamina thickness which revealed significant variations among genotypes. Psidium chinensis was most diverse morphologically. Out of 20 decamer RAPD primers used four primers generated strong amplifications and resulted in polymorphic products; these were viz., OPA-03, OPA-05, OPS-04 and OPS-08. Percent polymorphism was 97.43% having a range of 87.5% to 100%. The average number of scoreable bands per primer was 9.75, while average number of polymorphic bands was 9.5. High polymorphism frequency was detected with all the selected primers. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.42-0.83. The study showed that the genetic base of Indian guava can be rated as moderate to high diversity.

Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f. belonging to monotypic family Nepenthaceae is a rare, endangered, dioecious member of the carnivorous plant found in North-East India. The plant is endemic to the Indian state of Meghalaya and is distributed throughout the state from West Khasi hills to East Khasi hills, Jaintia hills and East, West to South Garo hills from 1,000 to ca. 1,500 m altitude. Multi-locus analysis using PCR based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers were used for the first time to assess the genetic diversities of N. khasiana Hook. f. collected from different parts of Meghalaya. It was observed that RAPD analysis showed more polymorphism than ISSR fingerprinting in revealing genetic polymorphism in N. khasiana Hook. f. The result of cluster analysis by using UPGMA method showed that the groups based on pooled RAPD–ISSR genetic similarity were more similar than the groups based on RAPD. Furthermore, genetic similarity reveals variability within the population at Jarain of Jaintia hills, while between populations the Baghmara region differs from the others with at least 40% dissimilarity. The results show a broad range of genetic diversity within the populations of N. khasiana Hook. f.

ABSTRACT: The Alexandria chicken considered as one of our Egyptian local strain. A lot of attempts were done to improve productive traits. A control line (or a base line) and another selected one are derived from this local strain. The selected line subjected to a long term selection program lasted for 16 generations from 1995 to 2011 in order to improve some egg production traits and also to reach earlier sexual maturity. This long term selection program expected to reduce most of the variations in this closed population which normally reflected on the response of selection. So, the main target was to estimate the genetic similarities by calculating the genetic improvement occurred during different generations. RAPD analysis technique used to estimate the degree of diversity and stability for this selected line. The mean average percentage differences (MAPD), genetic similarity, genetic distance based on band frequencies or based on band sharing which had been estimated for Alexandria selected and control lines. The mean average percentage difference (MAPD) into Alexandria selected and control lines recorded 0.415 and 0.667 respectively. While, genetic similarity had recorded into selected line (0.635) and into control line (0.351). The genetic distance had been calculated by two methods, the first method calculated the genetic distance on the basis of band frequency recorded 0.46. This result explained the genetic identity index of selected and control Alexandria lines. While the second method calculated the genetic distance on the basis of band sharing recorded 0.41. The phylogenetic relationships within 12 samples randomly taken from Alexandria selected line cleared that the degree of similarity reached 80% within line from primer 1 ,70% from primer 2 ; 65% from primer 3,50% from primer 4; 55% from primer 5 and 60% from primer 6. While; this similarity when calculated within samples into line each primers recorded approximately %63. The results of this present research concluded that, the Alexandria selected line did not consume some of the variability present in this studied population and did not yet reach genetic stability. So, it can to continue the selection program.