RESTful web services

The metaverse concept merges virtual and augmented reality, integrating the physical and
digital realms. This integration is achieved by amalgamating virtual reality headsets, blockchain
technology, and avatars. This article explores the implications and difficulties of the developing
metaverse-driven Human Resource Management (HRM) landscape as it becomes more widely
accepted. A systematic methodology is employed in this study to identify and categorize the primary
barriers that impede the integration of the metaverse within HRM. Interpretive Structural Modelling
(ISM) and MICMAC analysis examine the connections and interdependencies among these
barriers. The research findings highlight "Virtual Leadership Challenges" as the main barrier
hindering the integration of the metaverse in HRM. "Legal and Regulatory Compliance" closely
follows it. In addition to identifying these barriers, the research offers managerial strategies to
facilitate the integration of the metaverse. The core recommendations emphasize the importance of
making decisions based on data, improving the hiring and integration of new employees, fostering
employee involvement, and dealing with concerns related to data privacy. The metaverse is
intricately connected to the future of work, highlighting the need to understand its complexities and
acknowledge its possibilities within HRM.

The adoption of microservices architecture has significantly impacted software development, offering benefits such as enhanced scalability, increased flexibility, and accelerated deployment, although it also brings about issues including intricate communication complexities, security vulnerabilities, and elevated operational burdens. This study examines the shift from monolithic to microservices architecture, focusing on significant obstacles and effective methods including API gateways, containerization, Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, and event-driven architectures. Technologies like AI-driven automation, serverless computing, and edge computing are anticipated to boost performance, reduce costs, and facilitate real-time processing. Research in self-healing systems, sustainable cloud computing, and multi-cloud approaches will enhance microservices in the future. To maximize the advantages of microservices, organizations should transition their systems gradually, implement automation, and prioritize innovation in order to develop robust, secure, and forward-thinking applications.

Implementing RESTful microservices across various cloud platforms necessitates automation to guarantee consistency, security, and scalability. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines optimize the integration, testing, and deployment of services, thereby minimizing manual intervention and operational risks. This study introduces a comprehensive framework for fully automated CI/CD processes, integrating Infrastructure as Code (IaC), security protocols, and monitoring software solutions. The proposal tackles crucial issues like multi-cloud compatibility, vendor lock-in, and API versioning, and suggests solutions to enhance deployment speed and reliability. This research assesses the effects of automated pipelines on efficiency, security, and regulatory compliance via case studies and performance analysis, providing hands-on knowledge for building cloud-native applications.

This electronic Legacy middleware platforms weren't built to address the needs of modern, hybrid IT environments, but more modernized middleware can support application environments that work smoothly and consistently across a highly distributed platform. Organizations often lack the time and resources needed to effectively modernize legacy systems and applications. Middleware helps ease the challenges associated with modernization and provides flexibility to upgrade applications. Middleware serves as a bridge that connects various software systems and applications within an organization. It enables seamless communication and information sharing between different programs. This paper delves into the important role of using middleware in HR eco system, aiming to streamline HR processes, enhance data accessibility, and meet the evolving demands of contemporary HR functions. Middleware glues enterprise apps and services together and is an integral part of modernization initiatives. Cloud-first strategies are demanding a lot from middleware these days and legacy middleware platforms were not built to address the needs of the modern, dispersed hybrid IT landscape. While the benefits of Middleware architecture are multifaceted, including allowing data to flow smoothly between various HR systems, real-time data synchronization, and automate repetitive HR tasks like onboarding new employees, updating employee information across systems, and generating reports, freeing up HR staff to focus on strategic initiatives, organizations often face challenges in achieving seamless integration. These challenges span from data security concerns to technological constraints associated with legacy systems. By examining key HR functionalities such as applicant tracking systems (ATS), payroll systems, time and attendance systems, and benefit administration platforms, this paper offers best practices in HR system integration using middleware architecture. Emphasis is placed on needs assessment, vendor collaboration, utilization of APIs, data standardization, and the importance of regular monitoring. Through a detailed case study, the paper further illustrates the practical implications and outcomes of effective middleware architecture for a seamless data flow between different HR systems through middleware can provide smoother employee experience, particularly during onboarding and other critical processes. The narrative underscores the vital role of enhancing HR system agility through Middleware Architecture to ensure HR systems are agile, accurate, and aligned with organizational objectives.

The FlexiRoute framework addresses Application Programming Interface (API) migration challenges in a fully new and resource-effective manner for distributed systems, placing scalability, stability, and adaptability at the heart of resourceconstrained environments. One of the very important activities carried out within modern distributed systems is that of API migration, when evolved business needs, upgraded technologies, or scaling of a system necessitate such a process. Most classic migration strategies rely on statically configured duplicated infrastructures or require heavy and hazardous human interventions. By contrast, FlexiRoute introduces a new idea: to embed dynamic routing logic within service traffic headers so that traffic can be real-time rerouted without duplicate systems. This header-based traffic management saves resources for more flexibility and preciseness during API transitions. Key FlexiRoute functionalities revolve around stochastic routing mechanisms based on the use of TraceId metadata that grant fine granularity features in control and traffic monitoring of flow. Everything starts with the migration of broad scenarios through progressive ones like canary deployment and failover strategies integrated into the minimum or even zero disruptions within the provided services. Such capabilities enable FlexiRoute to handle typical migration challenges that come with balancing traffic, ensuring backward compatibility, and error isolation while maintaining system reliability. This significantly simplifies the migration process by avoiding heavy manual reconfigurations and hence reduces downtime, which will improve productivity. Besides, being efficient in such resource-constrained computational or infrastructural setups inherently adds considerable value to small-to medium-scale distributed systems or edge computing applications. FlexiRoute provides a modern answer to API migration challenges in an effective, adaptable, and resource-aware way and will hence allow organizations to conduct seamless and low-risk transitions within their dynamic, continuously evolving system landscapes.

As businesses increasingly adopt GraphQL when developing APIs, mutations are leading the way in developing high-performing web applications. Mutations in GraphQL facilitate the effective handling of intricate data updates without sacrificing the client-server interface's simplicity. In .NET web service development, these features are an ultimate solution instead of standard RESTful methods, especially in reducing over-fetching and providing enhanced payload management. By facilitating more accurate data updates, GraphQL mutations improve the scalability and maintainability of web services, leading to a more responsive and flexible system design. This research study examines how these mutations affect system architecture, improve performance, and enhance the overall user experience, offering insightful information on contemporary software development practices.

The company M&M, it is an importer of tires for agricultural machineries and pertaining to roads equipment, with 30 years of presence in the city of Guayaquil, and that generates an average of sale of two daily tires, situation that is not profitable, due to the realized investment and the institutional image that possesses this company. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to determine the principal commercial and technological strategies to be in use in the negotiation and distribution of national and imported tires. Later, there were realized an internal analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the company. Also interviewed the main and secondary actors involved in the marketing of tires and on the other hand surveys were conducted in the city of Guayaquil, with the purpose of knowing and applying the best strategy, through marketing mix, that allows M & M, achieve a better level of sales. Finally, a financial analysis was realized projected to five years to evaluate the economic feasibility of the project, by means of financial indicators (NPV and TIR), that gave favorable results, with one NPV of $ 47.040,49 and one TIR of 46,74 %.

In "Smart" environments development, providing users with search utilities for interacting efficiently with web and wireless devices is a key goal. At smaller scales, Google Maps and Google Earth with satellite and street views have helped users for querying general information at specific locations. However, at larger local scales, where detailed 3D geometries linked to business data are needed, there is a recognized lack of related information and functionality for in depth exploration of an area. Linking spatial data and business data helps to enrich the user experience by fulfilling more task specific user needs. This paper presents an eCampus Demonstrator for the National University of Ireland, Maynooth (NUIM) based on a Resource Oriented Architecture (ROA), in which various RESTful web-services have been developed and deployed for querying both spatial data and associated business data. The benefits and drawbacks of the chosen technologies are also discussed. This work can be considered as a platform that can be applied to similar application domains such as exploring business parks, hospitals, museums, etc.

Data acquisition serves as a critical component of modern data architecture, with REST API integration emerging as one of the most common approaches for sourcing external data. This study evaluates the efficiency of various methodologies for collecting data via REST APIs and benchmark their performance. It explores how leveraging the Spark distributed computing platform can optimize large scale REST API calls, enabling enhanced scalability and improved processing speeds to meet the demands of high volume data workflows.

Workday Extend provides a robust platform for building custom finance and people applications, leveraging a unified data source and security model. By utilizing thousands of publicly available REST and SOAP APIs, developers can quickly create solutions that integrate seamlessly with existing Workday applications. The platform further supports the integration of Workday's latest AI innovations, enhancing the capabilities of applications and improving the user experience. Combining Workday Journeys and Workday Prism Analytics, Workday Extend optimizes both the user and data experience. Mobile-enabled apps ensure an "always-on" experience, while app templates, packaged solutions and approved service partners streamline development. The Workday Extend app catalog provides templates for various use cases, including charitable donations, tuition reimbursement, commuting options, project forecasting and employee recognition. This flexibility enables organizations to effectively scale their solutions. The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into enterprise applications is transforming business operations. Workday Extend leverages AI and ML technologies to optimize business processes, improve decision-making and enable automation at scale. This paper explores the role of AI and ML in shaping the future of enterprise applications within the Workday Extend ecosystem. It discusses the potential benefits, challenges and use cases of these technologies in business workflows and presents a vision of how these innovations will influence the future of enterprise solutions.

The integration of EPIC, KRONOS, and Workday in healthcare organizations presents a transformative opportunity to enhance operational efficiency, streamline workforce management, and improve patient care. EPIC serves as a robust electronic health record (EHR) system, facilitating the comprehensive management of patient information and clinical workflows. KRONOS optimizes workforce management through effective scheduling and labor analytics, while Workday addresses human capital management and financial processes. This paper explores the synergies achieved through the integration of these platforms, highlighting benefits such as enhanced data sharing, improved reporting and analytics, and better compliance with regulatory standards. Additionally, the challenges of interoperability, data security, and change management are examined to provide a holistic understanding of the integration process. API based integrated approach aims to foster a more coordinated, efficient, and patient-centered healthcare environment. This paper delves into the synergies achieved through the integration of these platforms, highlighting the significant benefits, including enhanced data sharing, improved reporting and analytics, and increased compliance with regulatory standards.

This study was aimed to investigate the role of mineral metabolism, total soluble phenols, total chlorophyll and total soluble
sugar in the defense of the blackgram genotypes: a susceptible (Mash-88) and a resistant (CM-2002). ULCV infection resulted
in an invariable increase in N, Mg, Zn and Fe contents, whereas P, K, Na and Ca contents decreased in both resistant and
susceptible genotypes. Results of the present study indicated that crinkling and puckering of ULCV-infected leaves was found
more severe in those plants having highly significant reduction in leaf Ca content. Similarly, leaf K and Fe contents were also
found positively associated with resistance to ULCV infection. ULCV infection also resulted in significant increment in total
soluble phenols in susceptible genotype. However, disease had non-significant effects on foliar total soluble sugar and total
chlorophyll contents of both susceptible and resistant genotypes but increment of these constituents in diseased leaves of
susceptible plants was significantly higher than the increase in diseased leaves of resistant genotype.© 2014 Friends Science
Publishers

Internet of things (IoT) is surrounded by heterogeneous entities such as sensors, mobile devices and actuators in a constrained environment which are running on very low power and lossy networks. These entities are also of very small memory and can handle small computational overhead. To this end, complete IoT system and different devices which are working in home network management system will be presented in this paper. Applications for home network are considered under different architectures and their designs are discussed. Conventional simple network management protocol (SNMP) is generally applied for network management but it is not optimal due to lack of flexibility in configuring devices and lack of capabilities in managing operations in an IoT network. A design of smart washing machine device using the IoT design methodology is being discussed using network configuration protocol (NETCONF) and yet another next generation (YANG) data modeling language to illustrate how it would be a better alternative for managing home network.

We propose a proof-of-concept of how the best of the Web world (RESTful services, Semantic technologies, and CMSs) can be successfully incorporated in the form of a semantic mashup. This mashup enriches data from various Web APIs with semantics to produce personalized book recommendations and to make them available as Linked Data. It is shown that this approach not only leaves reasoning expressiveness and effective ontology management uncompromised but comes to their benefit. It also bears potential applications for libraries and cataloguing services that can take advantage of mashup merging, semantic personalization, and ranking of book records and reviews.

Authentication and session management in an AngularJS Single Page Application is implemented to harness the power of the framework in ensuring secure interactions by the user. This would normally be a combination of authentication mechanisms, either token-based or OAuth-based, depending on requirements that may be specific to the application. AngularJS offers robust mechanisms with which to handle user sessions gracefully, thus allowing users to log in and go ahead to interact with application resources without exposing sensitive data. A key technique in implementing this would be setting up the authentication routes, implementing services to authenticate users, and integrating secure session token storage. Token-based authentication, most of the time
implemented with the help of JSON Web Tokens, can give the advantages of statelessness and scalability, along with easy integration with front-end frameworks such as AngularJS. Because session management is decoupled from server-side storage, AngularJS SPAs can easily handle the complexity of user authentication across multiple microservices or backend APIs. The benefits, such as improved security because of the encryption of session tokens, improved user experience by seamless login/logout functionality, and scalability achieved due to distributed authentication across various modules within the application, will be accrued as soon as authentication and session management are
implemented within AngularJS SPAs. As far as sessions are concerned, token expiration and renewal features guarantee secure and reliable access control over the long sessions of users. By adopting best practices in authentication and session management within AngularJS SPAs, developers can create robust, responsive, and secure web applications that meet modern security standards while providing a seamless user experience.

In recent years, modern technology has been applied to build tunnels by means of drilling machines (TBM) that were used for civil engineering work in large cities to reduce the harmful effects of spending on the surface of the earth significantly. To build the tunnel, numerical modeling was used on the basis of the finite element method to predict stress behavior during the tunnel construction process. Tunnel simulation model by using the numerical method (FEM) with the Hoek-Brown model, which includes calculating the behavior of predicting stress-that surrounds the tunnel and analysis during the process of building the tunnel and compared with the natural state of the rocks during the different tunnel construction stages. Vertical stresses at the top and bottom of the tunnel are reduced during the advance of tunneling while horizontal stresses are increased. TBM progression is reflected in phases through one to five by performing an axial symmetric FE analysis, math calculation results revealed significant stress changes occurring in rock regions near the boundary of the tunnel. In other words, proximity to rocks is mostly affected by the tunnel. These pressure variations decrease as you move away from the tunnel horizontally and the seams reach extremely small values for distances greater than (2D) meters from the edge of the tunnel, where D is the diameter of tunnel.

Sistem informasi akademik pada STMIK Balikpapan terbagi kepada dua yaitu sistem informasi akademik berbasis dekstop dan sistem informasi akademik berbasis web. kedua sistem informasi ini memiliki fungsi yang sama yaitu untuk menampung data-data akademik dan akan dipresentasikan kepada mahasiswa dan dosen. Namun admin BAAK harus melakukan peningputan data ke dua sistem tersebut sehingga memakan waktu dikarena kedua sistem ini berbeda platform(Heterogen). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah web service yang mampu mengintegrasikan data dari sistem informasi akademik berbasis dekstop ke sistem informasi akademik berbasis web. Java netbeans GlassFishESB digunakan untuk membangun web service dan memanfaatkan XML,XSD sehingga integrasi data dari kedua sistem ini dapat dilakukan. Dengan membangun web service tersebut, maka dihasilkan sebuah sistem dan basis data utnuk menampung data hasil dari penggabungan data dari beberapa tabel pada sistem informasi akademik berbasis dekstop ...

Online education and training play critical roles in the age of Internet. For easy sharing and reusing pedagogical resources that are high-priced to develop, there are standards for encoding instructional contents and regulating their presentational formats. However, because access interfaces and message packing schemes of most e-learning resources are still proprietary, the offered contents are available to privileged users only and thus are difficult to utilize and circulate. SOAP-based Web services to some extent solve the openness issue by enforcing contents and their packing schemes conform to pre-defined formats. To enrich online pedagogical resources and facilitate sharing them among educators and learners, it is of great importance to build them in not only open, but also efficient and easy-accessible way. This article proposes an approach for provisioning pedagogical resources in the cloud based upon the representational state transfer architectural (REST) style. The anticipation is that the constructed services enable instructors and students to easily use a variety of devices to access pedagogical resources under diverse learning circumstances, which is realization of the so-called ubiquitous learning.

Two-factor authentication can significantly reduce risks of compromised accounts by protecting from the majority of password-leak based attacks. RADIUS protocol is a popular method of providing the second factor authentication. This paper presents an innovative approach to enrolling users in RADIUS protocol based two-factor authentication. It describes a RESTful API, which complements the standard RADIUS protocol by adding the possibility of self-service second factor enrollment. It also demonstrates a proof of concept RADIUS appliance and the web based management interface as well as examples of API integration with a number of products.

In this paper we show how regression modelling can be combined with a special kind of data transformation technique that improves model precision and produces several "preliminary" estimates of the target value. These preliminary estimates can be used for interval estimates of the target value as well as for predicting the probability that it has or will exceed arbitrary predefined thresholds. Our approach can be combined with various regression models and applied in many domains that need to estimate the probability of system malfunctions or other hazardous states brought about by system variables exceeding critical safety thresholds. We rigorously derive the formulas for the probability of crossing an upper bound and a lower bound both separately (one-sided intervals) and together (a two-sided interval), and verify the approach experimentally on a real dataset from the electric power industry.

This document reflects the process of developing an after-sales mobile application for the Comsering company, with the intention of generating greater rapprochement with its customers; covering the information gathering process, analysis of functional and non-functional requirements, graphical interface prototypes, system design, development process, implementation, validation in front of the company's stakeholders, and product delivery.

Web Services technology has the potential to cater an enterprise's needs, providing the ability to integrate different systems and application types regardless of their platform, operating system, programming language, or location. Web Services could be deployed in traditional, centralized or brokered client server approach or they could be in peer to peer manner. Web Services could act as a server providing functionality to a requester or act as a client, receiving functionality from any service. From the performance perspective the availability of Web Services plays an important role among many parameters.

Background Spatial epidemiological analyses primarily depend on spatially-indexed medical records. Some countries have devised ways of capturing patient-specific spatial details using ZIP codes, postcodes or personal numbers, which are geocoded. However, for most resource-constrained African countries, the absence of a means to capture patient resident location as well as inexistence of spatial data infrastructures makes capturing of patient-level spatial data unattainable. Methods This paper proposes and demonstrates a creative low-cost solution to address the issue. The solution is based on using interoperable web services to capture fine-scale locational information from existing “spatial data pools” and link them to the patients’ information. Results Based on a case study in Uganda, the paper presents the idea and develops a prototype for a spatially-enabled health registry system that allows for fine-level spatial epidemiological analyses. Conclusion It has been shown and discu...

GraphQL is a highly popular new approach to build Web APIs. An important component of this approach is the GraphQL schema definition language (SDL). The original purpose of this language is to define a so-called GraphQL schema that specifies the types of objects that can be queried when accessing a specific GraphQL Web API. This paper focuses on the question: Can we repurpose this language to define schemas for graph databases that are based on the Property Graph model? This question is relevant because there does not exist a commonly adopted approach to define schemas for Property Graphs, and because the form in which GraphQL APIs represent their underlying data sources is very similar to the Property Graph model. To answer the question we propose an approach to adopt the GraphQL SDL for Property Graph schemas. We define this approach formally and show its fundamental properties. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems → Graph-based database models; Integrity checking;

Perkembangan teknologi informasi di era globalisasi ini telah mengalami perkembangan cukup pesat. Seiring dengan pesatnya kemajuan teknologi, banyak manusia mengharapkan teknologi dapat mempermudah aktivitas lebih efektif dan efisien. Lelang merupakan salah satu jenis jual beli yang bersifat menawar ke nominal yang lebih tinggi. Secara konvensional, proses lelang mengharuskan penawar datang ke tempat lelang dan harus direpotkan dengan membawa pulang barang yang dimenangkan tadi.Untuk memanfaatkan potensi kemajuan teknologi informasi yang pesat peneliti menambahkan sistem pelelangan secara online dengan model marketplace dengan cara penggunaan metode concurrency control (timestamp) untuk memberikan proses lelang yang cepat serta menghasilkan data yang akurat.Hasil dari pembuatan sistem lelang ini yaitu penerapan sistem lelang sebagai salah satu inovasi pembeda dengan membuat sistem lelang yang praktis sehingga semua orang, kapan dan dimana saja dapat mengikuti proses lelang dengan pe...

Résumé. Les systèmes NoSQL permettent de gérer des bases de données (BD) massives vérifiant les 3V : Volume, Variété et Vélocité. La plupart de ces systèmes sont caractérisées par la propriété « schema less » qui signifie absence du modèle de données lors de la création d’une BD. Cette propriété apporte une souplesse indéniable en permettant l’évolution du modèle pendant l’exploitation de la base. Cependant, l’expression des requêtes d’interrogation (type SQL) exige une connaissance précise de ce modèle. Dans cet article, nous proposons un processus pour l’extraction automatique du modèle physique d’une BD NoSQL de type documents. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons l’architecture MDA (Model Driven Architecture) qui fournit un cadre formel pour la transformation automatique de modèles. À partir d’une BD NoSQL, nous proposons des règles de transformation formalisées avec QVT pour générer le modèle physique. Une expérimentation du processus d’extraction a été réalisée sur une application mé...

Saving peoples live is the most important in today's world. The best way to save lives is to have an ambulance system which is effective and can be reachable to the user/client, this paper gives the solution which focus to make the ambulance available to a nearby user/client/patient in the least possible time which will help save many lives. After extensive study and analysis new technology evolved. Navigator.geolocation method based on Rest FUL Web Services is used this will help the ambulance location to be updated in the database so that it can be seen by the user who is using this application and makes it easy for him to book the ambulance. The client's location will be pin pointed on the google map and even the ambulance which is nearby the user will be pin pointed on the map, once the patient is on board the ambulance location is taken and then the list of hospitals are pointed out on the map which helps the ambulance driver to choose the nearby hospital to take the patient on time.

Warning This document is an OGC Member approved international standard. This version is informative. The normative version is available at: http://docs.opengeospatial.org/is/14-100r2/14-100r2.html This document is available on a royalty free, non-discriminatory basis. Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

In this paper, we present an approach to compose linked services on the Web based on the principles of linked data and REST. Our contribution is a unified method for discovering both the interaction possibilities a service offers and the available semantic links to other services. Our composition engine is implemented as a generic client that allows exploring a service API and interacting with other services to answer user's goal. We rely on a typical scenario in order to illustrate the benefits of our composition approach. We implemented a prototype to demonstrate the applicability of our proposal, experiment and discuss the results obtained.

The intermittent wireless connectivity in Mobiles limits the spread of mobile applications usage over the web, such that the web services are the independent protocol that used to achieve the mobile connectivity with the cloud services. Achieving the web service reliability results in two aspects. The first is low communication overhead and retrieving the appropriate response to prevent the duplicate request execution. The second is overcoming the request time out problem that is one of the most effected issues in the mobile experience. This paper proposes Reliable Mobile Agent and Web Socket approach (RMAWS) that achieves the reliable web services consumption. The enhanced architecture is hybrid between the mobile agent approach and web socket open connection communication protocol. This approach recovers the data lose because of the intermittent connections, overcomes the Time-out problem, and enhances the mobile experience by achieving this service consumption reliability.

The advantage of the electronic and mobile learning platforms is the dissemination of learning contents with ease. But these platforms operate differently to exchange the learning contents from the server (educator's site) to the clients (learner's site). Integrating these learning platforms to operate as a single platform and exchange the contents based on learners' request could improve the learning efficiency and reduce the operational cost. This work introduces a Web services approach based on client-server model to develop an integrated architecture that join the two learning platforms. In this paper, the architecture of the learning platforms is presented and explained. Furthermore, an adapter in a form of web service is develop as a fuse between the server and the client. Finally, the process of using the web services to unify the two learning architectures using the adapter is demonstrated and explained.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing technology that relies on connected 'things' that gather data from peer devices and send data to servers via APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). The design quality of those APIs has a direct impact on their understandability and reusability. This study focuses on the linguistic design quality of REST APIs for IoT applications and assesses their linguistic quality by performing the detection of linguistic patterns and antipatterns in REST APIs for IoT applications. Linguistic antipatterns are considered poor practices in the naming, documentation, and choice of identifiers. In contrast, linguistic patterns represent best practices to APIs design. The linguistic patterns and their corresponding antipatterns are hence contrasting pairs. We propose the SARAv2 (Semantic Analysis of REST APIs version two) approach to perform syntactic and semantic analyses of REST APIs for IoT applications. Based on the SARAv2 approach, we develop the REST-Ling tool and empirically validate the detection results of nine linguistic antipatterns. We analyse 19 REST APIs for IoT applications. Our detection results show that the linguistic antipatterns are prevalent and the REST-Ling tool can detect linguistic patterns and antipatterns in REST APIs for IoT applications with an average accuracy of over 80%. Moreover, the tool performs the detection of linguistic antipatterns on average in the order of seconds, i.e., 8.396 seconds. We found that APIs generally follow good linguistic practices, although the prevalence of poor practices exists.

With data lakes and schema-free NoSQL document stores, extracting a descriptive schema from JSON data collections is an acute challenge. In this paper, we target the discovery of tagged unions, a JSON Schema design pattern where the value of one property of an object (the tag) conditionally implies subschemas for sibling properties. We formalize these implications as conditional functional dependencies and capture them using the JSON Schema operators if-then-else. We further motivate our heuristics to avoid overfitting. Experiments with our prototype implementation are promising, and show that this form of tagged unions can successfully be detected in real-world GeoJSON and TopoJSON datasets. In discussing future work, we outline how our approach can be extended further.

Albania has introduced a new tax reform named fiscalization in 2020. The focus of the process is to report the transactions electronically and in real-time to the tax authorities' information systems. The intention is to reduce informality and bureaucracy, two of the key issues in doing business within the country. Considering that the new fiscalization process has a clear aim and stable requirements, the waterfall method is adopted to conduct the research. Beginning with a detailed literature analysis on similar implemented systems, and subsequently proposing a business solution followed by designing a suitable architecture. The proposed business logic solution and system architecture have as focal points mobility and interoperability. The interoperability approach enables the financial institutions' information system to be connected to the proposed system, implying an increased potential number of merchants using it. The use of mobile technologies and the possibility to integrate different digital payment methods increase the number of people taking part in the formal financial system.

Open standards are urgently needed for enabling software interoperability in Cloud Computing. Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI) provides a set of best design principles to create interoperable REST management APIs. Although OCCI is the only standard addressing the management of any kind of cloud resources, it does not support a range of best principles related to REST design. This often worsens REST API quality by decreasing their understandability and reusability. Objective: We aim at assisting cloud developers to enhance their REST management APIs by providing a compliance evaluation of OCCI and REST best principles and a recommendation support to comply with these principles. Method: First, we leverage patterns and anti-patterns to drive respectively the good and poor practices of OCCI and REST best principles. Then, we propose a semantic-based approach for defining and detecting REST and OCCI (anti)patterns and providing a set of correction recommendations to comply with both REST and OCCI best principles. We validated this approach by applying it on cloud REST APIs and evaluating its accuracy, usefulness and extensibility. Results: We found that our approach accurately detects OCCI and REST(anti)patterns and provides useful recommendations. According to the compliance results, we reveal that there is no widespread adoption of OCCI principles in existing APIs. In contrast, these APIs have reached an acceptable level of maturity regarding REST principles. Conclusion: Our approach provides an effective and extensible technique for defining and detecting OCCI and REST (anti)patterns in Cloud REST APIs. Cloud software developers can benefit from our approach and defined principles to accurately evaluate their APIs from OCCI and REST perspectives. This contributes in designing interoperable, understandable, and reusable Cloud management APIs. Thank to the compliance analysis and the recommendation support, we also contribute to improving these APIs, which make them more straightforward.

Classpip is the application developed by the student and professor of EETAC . The concept of classpip is based the principle of gamification which uses the gaming principle to the non-gaming context. Classpip applies the concept of gamification into education systems. The whole project of class pip is divided into 3 main parts: classpip dashboard which is the web application for desktop, classpip mobile is for the android /IOS devices and the classpip service which serves as the backend for these two clients. The main objective of this project is to improve the data fetching process by implementing Graphql. The whole work is done to implement graphql on top of existing rest api which uses a framework call loopback .We have tried various graphql architecture which can help improve the overall process of data fetching from the database. Graphql was developed by Facebook whose main goal is to increase the performance of the mobile users because in Graphql we only get what we need in ju...

Smart City technologies emerge as a potential solution to tackle common problems in large urban centers by using city resources efficiently and providing quality services for citizens. Despite the various advances in middleware technologies to support future smart cities, there are no universally accepted platforms yet. Most of the existing solutions do not provide the required flexibility to be shared across cities. Moreover, the extensive use and development of non-open-source software leads to interoperability issues and limits the collaboration among R&D groups. In this paper, we explore the use of a microservices architecture to address key practical challenges in smart city platforms. We present InterSCity, a microservice-based open source smart city platform that aims at supporting collaborative, novel smart city research, development, and deployment initiatives. We discuss how the microservice approach enables a flexible, extensible, and loosely coupled architecture and present experimental results demonstrating the scalability of the proposed platform.

Recently, the use of crowdsourcing platforms (e.g Amazon Mechanical Turk) has boomed because of their flexible and cost-effective nature, which benefits both the employers and workers. However, hiding inside this mutually-beneficial model are malicious tasks, which target manipulating search results, leaving fake reviews, etc. Crowdsourced manipulation reduces the quality and trustworthiness of online social media, threatening the social values and security of the cyberspace as a whole. To help mitigate this problem, we came up with a classification model which filters out malicious campaigns from a large number of campaigns crawled from several popular crowdsourcing platforms. We then present this blacklist on a website, where users can query for malicious campaigns based on the targeted site, task description or requesters’ information. Parties adversely affected by malicious campaigns, such as targeted websites owners, legitimate workers, owners of the crowdsourcing platforms the...

The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the most frequent and serious conflicts and disputes that have accompanied many important infrastructure projects in Albania and to emphasize the importance of applying decision analysis methods and game theory principles to their best resolution. Disputes over land and water rights which are caused by the implementation of infrastructure projects such as airports, roads and highways rank as the most severe in Albania. Also, the construction of hydropower plants has also caused serious disputes and conflicts, especially in regions with considerable tourist potential and/or in protected natural areas. Unfortunately, Albanian society and its institutions have not yet managed to formulate a rational and effective model for addressing such issues that can serve the common good and the social justice. Decision analysis is a very useful tool to analyze and understand such complex situations, where many factors and conflicting interests are involved. Game theory, on the other hand, serves to explain how the involved actors use different strategies to get the best possible benefit from the game/project and, by that influence the other actors. The combination of game theory and decision analysis can improve our understanding of how conflicts relate to the behavior of the actors involved in Albania and how conflicts can be resolved efficiently with the participation of the state, local institution, and other organizations. This study will try to contribute by providing an analysis of the problems as well as providing a theoretical basis for the development of efficient strategies for the management and resolution of such conflicts in Albania.

Duy trì và phát triển kho dữ liệu là một hoạt động phức tạp và hao tốn nhiều thời gian. Nguyên nhân là do môi trường của kho dữ liệu thay đổi liên tục và các nguồn cung cấp dữ liệu cho kho cũng thay đổi theo thời gian. Theo đó, các mô hình dữ liệu của kho cần được môđun hóa và linh hoạt để có thể quản lí được sự thay đổi của các thông tin. Mô hình dữ liệu Anchor là mô hình dữ liệu mức khái niệm thích hợp cho việc thiết kế các kho dữ liệu hay các cơ sở dữ liệu thuộc dạng chuẩn 6NF. Nhưng trên thực tế, một số cơ sở dữ liệu thời gian lại được thiết kế dựa vào mô hình thực thể-mối quan hệ có yếu tố thời gian (gọi tắt là mô hình ER thời gian), là mô hình ở mức khái niệm hỗ trợ các yếu tố thời gian. Điều này dẫn đến mô hình quan hệ thu được khi thực hiện việc chuyển đổi từ mô hình ER thời gian là không đạt dạng chuẩn 6NF. Để khắc phục vấn đề này, bài báo đề xuất một phương pháp chuyển đổi mô hình ER thời gian sang mô hình Anchor, bằng cách đề ra các quy tắc chuyển đổi các thành phần trong một mô hình ER thời gian sang mô hình Anchor.

Các kỹ thuật lập chỉ mục luôn luôn là một vấn đề quan trọng trong việc tìm kiếm thông tin hiệu quả từ cơ sở dữ liệu (CSDL). Đối với CSDL hướng đối tượng, việc sử dụng các tập tin chữ ký như là một phương pháp chỉ mục đã được thừa nhận là một tiếp cận phổ biến trong việc xử lý truy vấn trên CSDL hướng đối tượng. Các đối tượng của lớp được mã hóa thành các chữ ký đối tượng bằng cách dùng hàm băm và được lưu trữ trong một tập tin chữ ký. Tuy nhiên, mỗi khi xử lý truy vấn thì toàn bộ tập tin chữ ký phải được quét. Vì vậy phương pháp này đòi hỏi chi phí xử lý cao. Để khắc phục nhược điểm này, chúng tôi đề xuất một mô hình cấu trúc đồ thị được xây dựng trên chữ ký của các đối tượng trong một CSDL hướng đối tượng, gọi là đồ thị chữ ký. Đồng thời đề xuất cách thức xây dựng đồ thị chữ ký và thuật toán truy vấn trên đồ thị chữ ký cùng với phần mô phỏng ứng dụng của phương pháp này. Từ khóa-Truy vấn hướng đối tượng, chữ ký đối tượng, tập tin chữ ký, đồ thị chữ ký.

Bảo vệ tính riêng tư trong khai phá tập mục hữu ích trung bình cao (PPAUIM) có mục đích che giấu đi các thông tin riêng tư/nhạy cảm ẩn chứa trong cơ sở dữ liệu (CSDL) sao cho chúng không thể được khai thác bởi các thuật toán khai phá tập mục hữu ích trung bình cao (HAUIM) khi chia sẻ CSDL ra bên ngoài. Có nhiều phương pháp tiếp cận để giải quyết vấn đề này, trong đó phương pháp phổ biến nhất hiện nay là sử dụng kỹ thuật sửa đổi một số mục dữ liệu tại một số giao tác của CSDL gốc để tạo ra một bản sao CSDL sao cho các thông tin riêng tư/nhạy cảm không thể khai thác được từ bản sao CSDL. Việc sửa đổi các mục dữ liệu có thể gây ra các hiệu ứng phụ đối với bản sao CSDL như: làm mất đi các mục không nhạy cảm hoặc sinh ra các mục dữ liệu mới, làm thay đổi về cấu trúc của CSDL gốc. Vì vậy, mục tiêu của các thuật toán trong PPAUIM là giấu đi các thông tin riêng tư/nhạy cảm sao cho hiệu ứng phụ là thấp nhất. Bài báo này tập trung nghiên cứu và đề xuất thuật toán ẩn tập mục hữu ích trung bình cao nhạy cảm có tên gọi là EHSHA-UI dựa trên phương pháp tối ưu cục bộ. Để giảm hiệu ứng phụ, chúng tôi đưa ra các điều kiện lựa chọn mục mục tiêu và giao tác mục tiêu hiệu quả cho từng trường hợp sửa các mục dữ liệu. Thuật toán được chạy thực nghiệm trên 4 CSDL thực. Kết quả cho thấy thuật toán mà chúng tôi đề xuất có hiệu ứng phụ thấp hơn thuật toán hiện tại.

Este proyecto constituye el Trabajo de Fin de Master de Juan Bautista Arellano Bruno, alumno del Master de Internet De Las Cosas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. El objetivo del proyecto es aprovechar la geolocalizacion de los moviles y las fuentes de datos abiertas para crear servicios de valor anadido orientadas hacia las visitas turisticas en la ciudad de Madrid. En este sentido, las fuentes de datos abiertos se usan para recuperar elementos de interes cultural en la ciudad de Madrid tales como museos, monumentos o parques. Como principal resultado del proyecto, se ha desarrollado una aplicacion Android capaz de recuperar informacion sobre elementos de interes cultural de la ciudad de Madrid y mostrar aquellos elementos que se encuentran dentro de una determinada distancia desde la posicion en la que se encuentra en un momento dado el usuario. Asi mismo, la aplicacion hace uso de la API de la EMT de Madrid para poder buscar rutas, bien sea andando o usando el transporte p...

Duy trì và phát triển kho dữ liệu là một hoạt động phức tạp và hao tốn nhiều thời gian. Nguyên nhân là do môi trường của kho dữ liệu thay đổi liên tục và các nguồn cung cấp dữ liệu cho kho cũng thay đổi theo thời gian. Theo đó, các mô hình dữ liệu của kho cần được môđun hóa và linh hoạt để có thể quản lí được sự thay đổi của các thông tin. Mô hình dữ liệu Anchor là mô hình dữ liệu mức khái niệm thích hợp cho việc thiết kế các kho dữ liệu hay các cơ sở dữ liệu thuộc dạng chuẩn 6NF. Nhưng trên thực tế, một số cơ sở dữ liệu thời gian lại được thiết kế dựa vào mô hình thực thể-mối quan hệ có yếu tố thời gian (gọi tắt là mô hình ER thời gian), là mô hình ở mức khái niệm hỗ trợ các yếu tố thời gian. Điều này dẫn đến mô hình quan hệ thu được khi thực hiện việc chuyển đổi từ mô hình ER thời gian là không đạt dạng chuẩn 6NF. Để khắc phục vấn đề này, bài báo đề xuất một phương pháp chuyển đổi mô hình ER thời gian sang mô hình Anchor, bằng cách đề ra các quy tắc chuyển đổi các thành phần trong một mô hình ER thời gian sang mô hình Anchor.

The NETCONF protocol provides sound mechanisms for configuring network devices. While support for the protocol has been implemented by several network device vendors, there is a lack of supporting tools and libraries for NETCONF client applications. This paper presents NCClient, an open source Python library providing features and facilities for scripting and application development. The architecture, design and interoperability testing of the library is described and some examples of its usage are provided.