RESTful web services

Saving peoples live is the most important in today’s world. The best way to save lives is to have an ambulance system which is effective and can be reachable to the user/client, this paper gives the solution which focus to make the ambulance available to a nearby user/client/patient in the least possible time which will help save many lives. After extensive study and analysis new technology evolved. Navigator.geolocation method based on RestFUL Web Services is used this will help the ambulance location to be updated in the database so that it can be seen by the user who is using this application and makes it easy for him to book the ambulance. The client’s location will be pin pointed on the google map and even the ambulance which is nearby the user will be pin pointed on the map, once the patient is on board the ambulance location is taken and then the list of hospitals are pointed out on the map which helps the ambulance driver to choose the nearby hospital to take the patient on ...

Abstrak-Hasil studi Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa menunjukan bahwa keberhasilan e-Government sangat ditentukan oleh permintaan dan dukungan yang kuat dari sebagian besar masyarakat. Dukungan dapat diraih dengan inovasi yang tinggi yang hanya dapat diberikan dengan mengubah e-Government ke dalam bentuk platform yang menggunakan konsep Web 2.0 atau dikenal dengan nama Government 2.0. Studi literatur menunjukan bahwa Government 2.0 telah diadopsi oleh negara-negara maju seperti Amerika, Inggris dan Australia. Penelitian ini meneliti tentang bagaimana bentuk rancangan platform Government 2.0 untuk konteks e-Government Indonesia. Platform Government 2.0 lebih dari sekedar web services karena digunakan sebagai basis layanan e-Government. Platform dirancang menggunakan arsitektur Resource Oriented Architecture (ROA) sehingga mewarisi standar dan sifat-sifat web services yakni: "time to market", "scalability" dan "extensibity". Penggunanaan Open Application Programming Interface (API) akan mendorong terciptanya demokratisasi inovasi yang sangat dibutuhkan pada pengembangan e-Government. Sebagaimana platform yang memiliki komponen aplikasi dasar yang bisa digunakan bersama, platform ini juga memiliki empat komponen dasar untuk mendemonstrasikan fungsionalitas layanan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa platform dengan komponen dasar: Navigasi, Formfield, Otentikasi dan Wilayah yang merupakan hasil refactoring dari empat modul dalam taksonomi Cetak Biru Pengembangan e-Government yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementrian Komunkasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia.

Las nuevas tecnologías y la sociedad de la información están creando nuevas vías de comunicación social, en nuestro medio se hace evidente el crecimiento del uso de terminales móviles facilitando el acceso a Internet, produciendo sociedades inteligentes.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo transformar esa necesidad emergente en un marco teórico y aplicativo que convergen como una base para el desarrollo de un sistema  cuyo proceso principal es la geolocalización de personas por medio del GPS de su dispositivo móvil.

La construcción de esta aplicación fue posible con el uso de herramientas tales como: PhoneGap, para la creación de la interface, SOA para el modelado de los servicios usando RESTful para la integración de la aplicación con el SOA de ésta a partir de marcadores propios de la librería.

Los resultados obtenidos a partir de las pruebas de la aceptación, nos indican que es posible la ampliación de los Web Service, y para varias aplicaciones con la misma ideología.

Quickly and dominantly, REST APIs have spread over the Web and percolated into modern software development practice, especially in the Mobile Internet where they conveniently enable offloading data and computations onto cloud services. We analyze more than 78 GB of HTTP traffic collected by Italy's biggest Mobile Internet provider over one full day and study how big the trend is in practice, how it changed the traffic that is generated by applications, and how REST APIs are implemented in practice. The analysis provides insight into the compliance of state-of-the-art APIs with theoretical Web engineering principles and guidelines, knowledge that affects how applications should be developed to be scalable and robust. The perspective is that of the Mobile Internet.

Crowdsourcing is rapidly gaining popularity among research communities and enterprises as a tool for leveraging human intelligence in their daily operations. Unlike any other service, a Crowdsourcing platform is a market subject to human factors that affect its performance, both in terms of speed and quality. Crowdsourcing allows to build hybrid online platforms that combine scalable computer systems and the power of human intelligence to accomplish certain tasks that are difficult to achieve with algorithms.

The given paper presents an overview of modern RESTful API description languages (belongs to interface description languages set)-OpenAPI, RAML, WADL, Slatedesigned to provide a structured description of a RESTful web APIs (that is useful both to a human and for automated machine processing), with related RESTful web API modelling frameworks. We propose an example of the schema model of web API of the service for pre-trained distributional semantic models (word embedding's) processing. This service is a part of the "Personal Research Information System" services ecosystem-the "Research and Development Workstation Environment" class system for supporting research in the field of ontology engineering: the a utomated building of applied ontology in an arbitrary domain area as a main feature; scientific and technical creativity: the automated preparation of application documents for patenting inventions in Ukraine. It also presents a quick look at the relationship of Service-Oriented Architecture and Web services as well as REST fundamentals and RESTful web services; RESTful API creation process.

Saving peoples live is the most important in today's world. The best way to save lives is to have an ambulance system which is effective and can be reachable to the user/client, this paper gives the solution which focus to make the ambulance available to a nearby user/client/patient in the least possible time which will help save many lives. After extensive study and analysis new technology evolved. Navigator.geolocation method based on Rest FUL Web Services is used this will help the ambulance location to be updated in the database so that it can be seen by the user who is using this application and makes it easy for him to book the ambulance. The client's location will be pin pointed on the google map and even the ambulance which is nearby the user will be pin pointed on the map, once the patient is on board the ambulance location is taken and then the list of hospitals are pointed out on the map which helps the ambulance driver to choose the nearby hospital to take the patient on time.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is being adopted in different application domains and is recognized as one of the key enablers of the Smart City vision. Despite the standardization efforts and wide adoption of Web standards and cloud computing technologies, however, building large-scale Smart City IoT platforms in practice remains challenging. The dynamically changing IoT environment requires these systems to be able to scale and evolve over time adopting new technologies and requirements. In response to the similar challenges in building large-scale distributed applications and platforms on the Web, microservice architecture style has emerged and gained a lot of popularity in the industry in recent years. In this work, we share our early experience of applying the microservice architecture style to design a Smart City IoT platform. Our experience suggests significant benefits provided by this architectural style compared to the more generic Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approaches, as well as highlights some of the challenges it introduces.

The given paper presents an overview of modern RESTful API description languages (belongs to interface description languages set) - OpenAPI, RAML, WADL, Slate - designed to provide a structured description of a RESTful web APIs (that is useful both to a human and for automated machine processing), with related RESTful web API modeling frameworks. We propose an example of the schema model of web API of the service for pre-trained distributional semantic models (word embeddings) processing. This service is a part of the Personal Research Information System services ecosystem - the Research and Development Workstation Environment class system for supporting research in the field of ontology engineering: the automated building of applied ontology in an arbitrary domain area as a main feature; scientific and technical creativity: the automated preparation of application documents for patenting inventions in Ukraine. It also presents a quick look at the relationship of Service-Oriented Architecture and Web services as well as REST fundamentals and RESTful web services; RESTful API creation process.

A “Non-Debate” is the term being used to describe the flame war surrounding XML vs JSON in web services. As the number of sources making this claim grows it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore one basic fact, JSON is on the rise. The purpose of this brief research paper is to investigate just
why and in what way are we seeing this trend develop in terms of web services.

Universitas Agung Podomoro memilki beberapa sistem informasi yang berjalan secara parsial dimana aplikasi yang dibangun tidak dapat saling berkomunikasi secara real-time, sehingga dalam pengiriman informasi atau data sering terjadinya pengulangan atau redundancy data yang mengakibatkan susahnya untuk melakukan update, sharing, menyulitkan dalam melakukan pemeliharaan data dan sangat tidak efisien. Solusi dari sistem yang berjalan parsial adalah dengan menerapkan sistem yang terintegrasi. Namun banyak kasus juga terjadi dimana sistem yang dibangun sudah terintegrasi namun tidak disiapkan untuk kebutuhan teknologi yang akan datang sehingga diperlukan arsitektur dan desain perancangan yang matang dalam pembangunan sistem yang terintegrasi agar siap beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi yang akan datang. Arsitektur Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) dengan REpresentational State Transfer (REST) web service menjadi solusi yang sangat sesuai dimana desain dan teknologi yang dibangun akan terintegrasi, pengolahan sumber data menjadi terpusat dan siap beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi.

Kata kunci : Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), REST web service, sistem terintegrasi

A stateless architecture design is a web architecture design that typically does not persist data in any database and such applications also does not require any kind of backup storage. Data that flows through a stateless service is data in transition and such data is never stored in any data store. The processing requests that arrive to such architecture does not rely on information gathered or persisted from any previous session. API (Application programming interface) which consists of subroutines, definitions & procedures that can access data on the applications are the communication points between applications and management of API endpoints using stateless architecture is less complex as there is no server side retention of the client session and each client sends requisite information in each request to the server. GraphQL and RESTful services are means of designing such API architecture. This paper discusses and explains in detail both GraphQL and REST API architecture design and management methods and does an analysis of the potential benefits of GraphQL over REST in Stateless architectural API designs.

Quickly and dominantly, REST APIs have spread over the Web and percolated into modern software development practice, especially in the Mobile Internet where they conveniently enable offloading data and computations onto cloud services. We analyze more than 78GB of HTTP traffic collected by Italy's biggest Mobile Internet provider over one full day and study how big the trend is in practice, how it changed the traffic that is generated by applications, and how REST APIs are implemented in practice. The analysis provides insight into the compliance of state-of-the-art APIs with theoretical Web engineering principles and guidelines, knowledge that affects how applications should be developed to be scalable and robust. The perspective is that of the Mobile Internet.

—Service-based architecture (SOA) are extensively adopted in web applications. In this scenario, REST-based web services has become a large adopted standard. The addition of semantics enhances the web services description, which enables automatic agents to discover them and to make calls. However, the existence of many different languages to semantically describe services makes it difficult to discover and to select the service that best attends a requirement. Furthermore, most of these languages does not attend to describe RESTful services, making the discover process even more difficult. This work proposes a RESTful semantic web service discovery architecture based on semantic interfaces (SERIN). SERIN intends to semantically described RESTful web services through an annotated ontology. We present a study showing that is possible to adopt the proposed architecture to implement a semantic service-based application, with minimum development effort, that enables software agents to automatically discover and to make service calls in order to execute a determined task.

This paper is proposed to investigate Web Services (WSs) performance on nomadic device like the Apple iPod touch. Because of the reduced capabilities of the mobile devices, clients residing in these terminals should be as simple as possible. So, we propose to move part of the business logic to an intermediate service provider. A WS can share a conceptual functionality between various WS, although they could be implemented in different locations and with different characteristics. A WS provider makes the mobile client independent of the implementation details as well as of their availability. A WS basically developed using two methods SOAP and REST. In this paper we measured the performance of these two Web Service's on the mobile device and analyzed which is efficient.

Applications such as disaster and emergency management require near-instant access to data from different sources to make decisions and take actions rapidly. Although previous experiences have shown that the geospatial data availability in many scenarios is not a problem, this data is usually provided from multiple heterogeneous data sources distributed over the web, requiring the data to be discovered and integrated. Also, the data not necessarily is ready to be used, requiring pre-processing steps to turn it into actionable information.

Although OGC standards have made significant progress towards syntactic interoperability of services and feature-level data access, they do not solve semantic heterogeneity problems. At the same time, Semantic Web Technology can provide semantic interoperability but has had a slow uptake, since it is complex and does not follow current trends for data formats and access, thereby heading in an opposite direction of what developers and users expect. Even for services that provide semantically enabled data, service discovery and manual composition in a distributed environment are still time-consuming and error-prone. Typically, one must select multiple data provision services, and apply the processes with the need to understand their functionality and input/output restrictions. As a consequence of these difficulties, there is a lack of tools and methods to facilitate the construction, verification and execution of composition of geospatial web services.

This research project aims to address limitations on service composition verification, execution, and sharing. We develop a theoretically founded environment in which geospatial service composition can be verified. The theory formally defines what composability of semantically enabled geospatial web services is, providing a base for the development of an algorithm for verifying the composability of services, which grants compile-time protection against a class of errors. This protection allows not to run an invalid composition that could lead to unnecessary long running time as well high usage of the server processing capabilities.
This thesis also provides guidelines for defining lightweight services for sharing, processing geospatial data and for cataloguing geospatial data and services based on OGC Standards, and on current trends in web technology, such as REST architecture, WebSockets, and JSON-LD. We expect that the proposed services will facilitate the implementation of OGC standards and lower the need for third-party software.
We also extend the OGC services to be semantically enabled, providing service functionality descriptions by using the Hydra Core Vocabulary. These descriptions allow applications to discover and use web services without being specifically programmed for each service, lowering human interaction, and allowing the implementation of a generic client.
Lastly, we develop JSON-W, a notation to describe and share compositions which allow a lossless roundtrip to RDF serialization. This makes the compositions interoperable and at the same time maintain the ease to use and transfer to the Web of the JSON format.

— In network virtualization environments (NVEs), the physical infrastructure is shared among different users (or service providers) who create multiple virtual networks (VNs). As part of VN provisioning, virtual routers (VRs) are created inside physical routers supporting virtualization. Currently, the management of NVEs is mostly realized by proprietary solutions. Heterogeneous NVEs (i.e., with different equipment and technologies) are difficult to manage due to the lack of standardized management solutions. As a first step to achieve management interoperability, good performance, and high scalability, we implemented, evaluated, and compared four management interfaces for physical routers that host virtual ones. The interfaces are based on SNMP (v2c and v3), NETCONF, and RESTful Web Services, and are designed to perform three basic VR management operations: VR creation, VR retrieval, and VR removal. We evaluate these interfaces with regard to the following metrics: response time, CPU time, memory consumption, and network usage. Results show that the SNMPv2c interface is the most suitable one for small NVEs without strict security requirements and NETCONF is the best choice to compose a management interface to be deployed in more realistic scenarios, where security and scalability are major concerns.

In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant.

Dalam perdagangan yang mempunyai permasalahan untuk menjual barang bekas secara cepat dan belum tersedianya fasilitas yang ada pada toko, diperlukan sebuah aplikasi lelang berbasis android. Untuk mempermudah operasional yang dibutuhkan oleh Toko Rahma Komputer seperti menjual secara lelang produk-produk yang bekas sesuai kebutuhan dari pembeli. Dengan menggunakan metode waterfall yang  menyediakan pendekatan dimulai dari analisis, desain, pengkodean, pengujian, dan tahap pendukung. Penelitian ini akan membuat sistem pelelangan agar membantu promosi dengan harga tertinggi pada pelanggan, dan menyediakan aplikasi yang dapat membantu penyampian informasi secara cepat dan akurat kepada pembeli. Web Service API  yang telah dirancang dan dibangun dapat menunjang fungsionalitas dari aplikasi, dan semua fitur aplikasi Lelang Komputer yang telah dibangun menggunakan React Native dapat berjalan dengan baik pada perangkat Android.

Kata Kunci : Lelang, Waterfall, Web Service, React Native, Android

In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant.

Service discoverability during the learning stage of an Application Program Interface (API) has a great affect on the productivity of developers and is of great importance to businesses. The adoption of Resource Oriented Architecture (ROA) and Representational State Transfer (REST) Web services/APIs have increased in recent years, mainly because of its perceived ease of use in comparison to the industry standard for Web service: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), also known as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). But difficulty in assembly of service calls presents a usability problem. The difficulty is mainly due to lack of discovery mechanisms and poor documentation, which lead developers to resort to trail and error, that causes a decrease in productivity and increase in cost of service integration to businesses.

In this research we study discovery of REST architectural style from a usability standpoint. We also present an approach for enhancing discoverability using the OPTIONS Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) method. And demonstrate the approach as well as our findings on best practices of REST APIs through the development of a hypermedia driven API prototype. The usability problems and the approach to enhance the discovery problems were validated by case study using Usability Evaluation Method (UEM)s.

In this demonstration-paper we present Mr. DLib, a machine-readable digital library. Mr. DLib provides access to several millions of articles in full-text and their metadata in XML and JSON format via a RESTful Web Service. In addition, Mr. DLib provides related documents for given academic articles. The service is intended to serve researchers who need bibliographic data and full-text of scholarly literature for their analyses (e.g. impact and trend analysis); providers of academic services who need additional information to enhance their own services (e.g. literature recommendations); and providers who want to build their own services based on data from Mr. DLib.

Quickly and dominantly, REST APIs have spread over the Web and percolated into modern software development practice, especially in the Mobile Internet where they conveniently enable offloading data and computations onto cloud services. We analyze more than 78 GB of HTTP traffic collected by Italy's biggest Mobile Internet provider over one full day and study how big the trend is in practice, how it changed the traffic that is generated by applications, and how REST APIs are implemented in practice. The analysis provides insight into the compliance of state-of-the-art APIs with theoretical Web engineering principles and guidelines, knowledge that affects how applications should be developed to be scalable and robust. The perspective is that of the Mobile Internet.

The Internet of Things (IoT) vision foresees a future Internet encompassing the realm of smart physical objects, which offer hosted functionality as services. The role of service discovery is crucial when providing application-level, end-to-end integration. In this paper, we propose trendy: a RESTful web services based Service Discovery protocol to tackle the challenges posed by constrained domains while offering the required interoperability. It provides a service selection technique to offer the appropriate service to the user application depending on the available context information of user and services. Furthermore, it employs a demand-based adaptive timer and caching mechanism to reduce the communication overhead and to decrease the service invocation delay. trendy's grouping technique creates location-based teams of nodes to offer service composition. Our simulation results show that the employed techniques reduce the control packet overhead, service invocation delay and energy consumption. In addition, the grouping technique provides the foundation for group-based service mash-ups and localises control traffic to improve scalability.

In a business atmosphere changes are ever occurring incidents which are supported by Information Technologies and there should be proper management techniques to handle these changes effectively. Also business processes must be aligned to IT to ensure the proper functionality of their services even after changes are propagated. Services might be moved, or relocated and may undergo changes during their life cycle. Hence there should be an effective framework for managing these changes without affecting the
business functionality. This work stresses mainly on handling these dynamic changes to a business entity as it should support at business logic level and a new architecture model is proposed based on finite state machine theory of automata. It aligns IT with the business entity by automatically adapting the corresponding execution environment in case a change in the business process occurs.

In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.

La arquitectura REST emerge como alternativa al diseño de servicios web, con mayor simpleza que SOAP y los servicios basados en WSDL, haciendo que las pruebas sobre esta arquitectura cobren mayor relevancia. Si bien existen muchas herramientas disponibles, muy pocas pueden integrarse a un proceso de desarrollo continuo de software, donde el tiempo es un factor clave. En este trabajo, partiendo de los principios de esta arquitectura y los fundamentos de pruebas unitarias, se propone un framework para pruebas sobre servicios REST que puede ser integrado a este tipo de entornos. El mismo ha sido implementado en una empresa de desarrollo software multinacional con gran éxito. Se ha comprobado la disminución en un 90% del tiempo para realizar regresiones automatizadas y refactorizaciones en un entorno de integración continua. Finalmente, la utilización de herramientas para ejecutar pruebas automáticas, ha permitido otro tipo de mejoras, como la generación automática de reportes.

Quickly and dominantly, REST APIs have spread over the Web and percolated into modern software development practice, especially in the Mobile Internet where they conveniently enable offloading data and computations onto cloud services. We analyze more than 78 GB of HTTP traffic collected by Italy's biggest Mobile Internet provider over one full day and study how big the trend is in practice, how it changed the traffic that is generated by applications, and how REST APIs are implemented in practice. The analysis provides insight into the compliance of state-of-the-art APIs with theoretical Web engineering principles and guidelines, knowledge that affects how applications should be developed to be scalable and robust. The perspective is that of the Mobile Internet.

A stateless architecture design is a web architecture design that typically does not persist data in any database and such applications also does not require any kind of backup storage. Data that flows through a stateless service is data in transition and such data is never stored in any data store. The processing requests that arrive to such architecture does not rely on information gathered or persisted from any previous session. API (Application programming interface) which consists of subroutines, definitions & procedures that can access data on the applications are the communication points between applications and management of API endpoints using stateless architecture is less complex as there is no server side retention of the client session and each client sends requisite information in each request to the server. GraphQL and RESTful services are means of designing such API architecture. This paper discusses and explains in detail both GraphQL and REST API architecture design and management methods and does an analysis of the potential benefits of GraphQL over REST in Stateless architectural API designs.

Web Services technology has the potential to cater an enterprise's needs, providing the ability to integrate different systems and application types regardless of their platform, operating system, programming language, or location. Web Services could be deployed in traditional, centralized or brokered client server approach or they could be in peer to peer manner. Web Services could act as a server providing functionality to a requester or act as a client, receiving functionality from any service. From the performance perspective the availability of Web Services plays an important role among many parameters.

ABSTARCT Web Service is a reusable component which has set of related functionalities that service requesters can programmatically access from the service provider and manipulate through the Web. One of the main security issue is to secure web services from the malicious requesters. Since trust plays an important role in many kinds of human communication, it allows people to work under insecurity and with the risk of negative cost, many researchers have proposed different trust based web services access control model to prevent malicious requesters. In this literature review, various existing trust based web services access control model have been studied also investigated how the concept of a trust level is used in the access control policy of a service provider to allow service requester to access the web services.

In this paper is defined a description language for REST services in order to enable fine-grained permission declaration for authorization purposes. These services are managed by a specific service in the distributed environment. Through a specific service provides permission and workflow management that are distributed in many REST services. The description enables data filtering of services based in parameters. The service permissions are based on HTTP operations and they are identified by unique URLs. The service is implemented separately, while the permission management is delegated in the central service which coordinates all other interacting services.

Web Services technology has the potential to cater an enterprise's needs, providing the ability to integrate different systems and application types regardless of their platform, operating system, programming language, or location. Web Services could be deployed in traditional, centralized or brokered client server approach or they could be in peer to peer manner. Web Services could act as a server providing functionality to a requester or act as a client, receiving functionality from any service. From the performance perspective the availability of Web Services plays an important role among many parameters.

By increasing popularity of SOC, using Web services in applications has increased too. SOC creates a loosely coupled environment in which the actual execution environment might differ significantly from the one with the presupposed conditions during application design. Therefore, although an appropriate Web service might have been selected, by passing time, the Web service may not be efficient enough or may not be applicable under specific conditions. For service-oriented systems to be flexible and self-adaptive, it is necessary to automatically select and use a similar service instead of the one which causes the above mentioned problems. Finding a similar service means specifying the proper services which fulfill the same requirements as those fulfilled by the problematic service. In most of the previous works, a number of the best services (k) are selected and ordered based on functional similarity. The user must select one of these services based on his/her preferences. One important metric in selecting a similar service is considering QoS properties and user preferences about QoS. Because of the importance of this issue, in the present paper, an architecture is proposed in which, in addition to functional similarity, QoS properties and user preferences are also considered in selecting a similar service.