Rice husk Ash

... In addition, waste glass seemed to positively contribute to the mortar micro-structural properties resulting in an evident improvement of its mechanical performance [Corinaldesi et al. 2005a]. Mixed colored glass can be utilized in flowable self-compacting slurry or concrete [Naik ...

Rice husk ash (RHA) has been used as a highly reactive pozzolanic material to improve the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cement paste and the aggregate in high-performance concrete. Mechanical experiments of RHA blended Portland cement concretes revealed that in addition to the pozzolanic reactivity of RHA (chemical aspect), the particle grading (physical aspect) of cement and RHA mixtures also exerted significant influences on the blending efficiency. The relative strength increase (relative to the concrete made with plain cement, expressed in %) is higher for coarser cement. The gap-grading phenomenon is expected to be the underlying mechanism. This issue is also approached by computer simulation. A stereological spacing parameter (i.e., mean free spacing between mixture particles) is associated with the global strength of the blended model cement concretes. This paper presents results of a combined mechanical and computer simulation study on t...

In this study, the influence of nanosilica hydrosols and rice husk ash (RHA) on the compressive strength, chloride permeability, electrical resistivity and capillary absorption of single and binary blended mortars was investigated. Results showed that the incorporation of nanosilica improved mortar performance, while RHA did not have a significant influence and mainly attributed to lower strength and durability at early ages. It was found that the addition of RHA in mixes containing nanosilica, dramatically decreased compressive strength at ages of 3 and 7 days. However, binary mixtures displayed the best results for strength development and durability at ages of 28 and 90 days.

There are numerous Portland cement replacement materials that can be used to reduce the amount of Portland cement in concrete; rice husk (RH) ash is one of them. The country like Bangladesh is now producing about 33.0 million tons of rice and almost 6.5 million tons are RH. RH removed from paddy during rice refining creates disposal problem due to its less commercial value. The use of byproducts of rice is an environment-friendly method of disposal of large quantities of materials that would otherwise pollute land, water and air. This paper will show the use of waste materials like RHA will be effective in cement and the reduction of environmental impact of a construction building .The paper also will show the benefits of using RHA cement in setting time. This cement can be very effective city like Dhaka where jam problem loss the strength of ready mix concrete as ordinary Portland cement has 95 minutes initial setting time but RHA cement has up to(20 % replacing with RH) 215 minutes. Here the total reduction of carbon emission is calculated for using RHA cement and discuss the importance of green cement in the world.

India is a major rice producing country, and the husk generated during milling is mostly used as a fuel in the boilers for processing paddy, producing energy through direct combustion and / or by gasification. About 20 million tones of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is produced annually. This RHA is a great environment threat causing damage to the land and the surrounding area in which it is dumped. Lots of ways are being thought of for disposing them by making commercial use of this RHA. RHA can be used as a replacement for concrete (15 to 25%).This paper evaluates how different contents of Rice Husk Ash added to concrete may influence its physical and mechanical properties. Sample Cubes were tested with different percentage of RHA and different w/c ratio, replacing in mass the cement. Properties like Compressive strength, Water absorption and Slump retention were evaluated.

Decreasing our over-reliance on cement as an ingredient in the making of concrete due to its contribution to the CO 2 emissions has led to numerous researches been conducted to find suitable replacement for cement in concrete mixes. Materials like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, rice husk ash and metakaolin among others have been identified as materials that can at the very least be used as a replacement for cement in concrete mix. These materials are referred to as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This paper reviewed the work that has been done on the use of fly ash and rice husk ash as partial replacements for concrete, its chemical composition and its effect on the compressive strength of concrete. Charts, tables and figures were employed as tools to study the various chemical compounds of fly ash and rice husk ash. It was seen that depending on how the coal or rice husk was initially processed the percentage of some of the minor compounds like Sodium oxide (Na 2 O), Titanium oxide (TiO 2) and Phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5) were sometimes very low or not recorded as part of the final product. The data on the compressive strength of concrete after fly ash and rice husk ash had been added in percentage increments of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% respectively analysed over a minimum period of 7 days and a maximum period of 28 days found out that the optimal percentage partial replacement of fly ash and rice husk ash for a strong compressive concrete strength is 30% of fly ash and 7.5% of rice husk ash.

The syntheses of lightweight geopolymeric materials from highly porous siliceous materials viz. diatomaceous earth (DE) and rice husk ash (RHA) with high starting SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 13.0–33.5 and Na2O/Al2O3 ratios of 0.66–3.0 were studied. The effects of fineness and calcination temperature of DE, concentrations of NaOH and KOH, DE to RHA ratio; curing temperature and time on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the geopolymer pastes were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum calcination temperature of DE was 800 °C. Increasing fineness of DE and starting Na2O/Al2O3 ratio resulted in an increase in compressive strength of geopolymer paste. Geopolymer pastes activated with NaOH gave higher compressive strengths than those with KOH. The optimum curing temperature and time were 75 °C and 5 days. The lightweight geopolymer material with mean bulk density of 0.88 g/cm3 and compressive strength of 15 kg/cm2 was obtained. Incorporation of 40% RHA to increase starting SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3 ratios to 22.5 and 1.7 and enhanced the compressive strength of geopolymer paste to 24 kg/cm2 with only a marginal increase of bulk density to 1.01 g/cm3. However, the geopolymer materials with high Na2O/Al2O3 (>1.5) were not stable in water submersion.► We prepared lightweight geopolymer from highly porous siliceous materials. ► Na2O/Al2O3 and SiO2/Al2O3 ratios were varied to create lightweight structures. ► High Na2O/Al2O3 (Na/Al) gave high strength and water susceptible materials. ► High Na/Al ratios gave large silanol group not involving in the product structures. ► High SiO2/Al2O3 ratios were favorable to lightweight geopolymer.

The research focuses on the mechanical behavior of concrete with the waste rice husk ash (RHA) and marble powder (MP) as partial cement and sand replacement materials respectively. The waste rice husk ash is sieved and burnt at 750° C for 6 hours. The separate and combined effects of RHA (10 &15%) and MP (10 & 20%) are investigated. Compressive, split cylinder tensile and flexural strengths of these concrete at 7, 28 and 56 days showed comparable results to those of ordinary concrete. The sieved (but not ground) RHA caused a slight reduction in the concrete strength while MP enhanced the strengths. The combined MP and RHA either increased the strengths or showed similar results in an acceptable range. The utilization of RHA and MP in concrete effectively transform these waste materials into useful products thus resolving the disposal and natural resource exhaustion issues, providing an environmentally friendly, economical and sustainable concretes.

Research has been carried out on the manufacture of lightweight concrete (LWC)using lightweight aggregate (LWA) material of pumice and rice husk ash. The
lightweight concrete sample made is with a variety of different slump values, while the portland cement composite (PCC), sand, pumice and rice husk ash (RHA) materials are kept constant. There are two main parameters that determine the mechanical
properties of lightweight concrete, each of which is the sample density and water  cement ratio. Observation of photomicro SEM pumice shows that there are many
pores with a shape extending to the inside of the surface of the concrete sample. Pores come with relatively large pore density and varying sizes. This fact explains why
pumice is light because it has a low mass density. As seen in Photomicro SEM lightweight concrete, the Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) compound starts to grow atBthe beginning of the hydration process and continues to grow until lightweight concrete reaches 28 days of hydration which is characterized by solid physical
properties and increased compressive strength of lightweight concrete. It can be ascertained that the Calcium Silicate Hydrate compound has an important role in regulating mechanical properties such as compressive strength. In the mixture with the variation of the largest slump value (13 cm) produces the lowest density and compressive strength of 1755.7 kg / m3
and 20.0 MPa, respectively. X-ray diffraction
patterns of lightweight concrete samples show the dominance of the crystalline phase identified as quartz (SiO2) phase. However, it can be ascertained that lightweight concrete samples consist of a mixed phase between crystalline phases and a little amorph phase. This study concludes that pumice and rice husk ash are silica amorph based materials that have lower density, especially compared to other concrete forming materials such as cement. Both the density and compressive strength of lightweight concrete samples are determined by the ratio between pumice and rice
husk ash. The smallest ratio of pumice stone compared to rice husk ash was 8.1 with 9cm slump value resulting in optimum density and compressive strength values,
respectively at 28 days of lightweight concrete with 1794.7 kg / m3 and 23.7 MPa. The best lightweight concrete composition obtained from the results of this study is that with a 9 cm slump value is indicated by the ratio between the compressive strength and the highest density of 1321.

Strong unreinforced pre-cast bond concrete paver blocks is a flexible, tastefully appealing, practical, financially savvy and requires next to zero support if effectively produced and laid. Paver blocks can be utilized for distinctive movement classifications i.e. Non-movement, Light-activity, Medium-traffic, Heavy-traffic and Very heavy traffic. In present study work paver blocks of M-40 grade of concrete of 80mm thickness for medium activity with differing rate of nylon fiber i.e. 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%,0.5% is utilized to enhance the compressive strength is thrown. Subsequent to discovering ideal rate of nylon fiber, the same is utilized as consistent alongside Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash in shifting rate 10%, 20%, 30% is added as bond substitution to analyze the progressions in compressive strength and flexure strength of paver block..

Fiber reinforced polymer composites has been used in a variety of application as class of structure material because of their many advantages such as relatively low cost of production, easy to fabricate and superior strength compare to neat polymer resins. Reinforcement in polymer is either synthetic or natural. Synthetic fiber such as glass, carbon etc. has high specific strength but their fields of application are limited due to higher cost of production. Recently there is an increase interest in natural composites which are made by reinforcement of natural fiber. Because the natural fiber give good property at lower cost of production In this connection an investigation have been carried out to make better utilization of coconut coir fiber which is very cheaply and easily found in India. The objective of the present research work to study the mechanical properties of coconut coir reinforced with epoxy composites. The effect of fiber loading and length on mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness of composites is studied.

In the present paper, the works done by various researchers by replacing Cement with Rice husk ash have been studied and their conclusions are compiled. The all construction industry is searching for an appropriate and effective waste product (rice husk, fly ash, crumb rubber etc.) that might considerably minimize the utilization of cement and ultimately reduce the construction cost. The rice husk ash may be a green supplementary material that has applications on small to large scale. It can be used for waterproofing. It's also because of the admixture to form the concrete resistance against chemical penetration. Various test results of compressive strength, durability, flexural strength and workability have also been reported from the available literature. Among the low-cost construction materials, cement concrete plays a crucial role. Rice husk is one of the waste products which may be used as cement in concrete resulting in low-cost, lightweight concrete.

The soil frequently is fragile and has low stability in heavy loading. The objective of this study is
to review the stabilization of soil using sustainable methods. Some strengthening approaches are
available for stabilization of expansive soils. These methods consist of stabilization with soil
replacement, chemical additives, moisture control, rewetting, surcharge loading, compaction
control and thermal methods. The disadvantages may be associated with all these methods due to
ineffectiveness and expensiveness of these methods. Based on literature, Portland cement, scrap
tire, lime and fly ash and are less expensive and effective to soil stabilization.

Concrete is well known is a heterogeneous mix of cement, water and aggregates. Globally concrete is the backbone for the development of infrastructure, buildings, industrial structures, bridges and highways etc. In today's situation concrete needs special combinations of performance and uniformity requirements that cannot be always achieved by using conventional constituents and normal mixing. It is weak in tension, has limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. Mineral admixtures such as fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag, rice husk ash, are finely divided siliceous materials and are added to concrete as a partial replacement for cement. The addition of these admixtures also results in significant savings in energy and cost. The detailed experimental investigation is doing to study the effect of partial replacement of cement by Rice husk ash with using Steel fiber in concrete. Thus the present research study includes the experimental investigation of concrete by adding Rice Husk Ash with using steel fiber different proportion in M30 grade of concrete.

Combustion of rice husk produces a supplementary cementing material known as rice husk ash (RHA). Current studies on enhancement of physical properties and durability of cementitious composites with RHA is limited to applications in conventional construction. Automation in construction using additive manufacturing technique – commonly known as construction 3D printing – is an emergent strategy. Since the printing process is formwork-free and requires a continuous deposition of layers with structural stability, mix design of a 3D printable concrete is different from conventional concrete. Portland cement replacement by RHA improves the sustainability of a mixture as a construction material. In this work, 20 wt% of cement is replaced with RHA. Compressive strength and workability loss of designed mixes - with and without RHA – were studied at early age and compared with fresh properties of proven printable mortar available in market. Incorporation of RHA has shown significant improvement in rheology of mortar at the rate required for construction 3D printing at large scale.

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. However, the production of portland cement, an essential constituent of concrete, leads to the release of significant amount of CO2, a greenhouse gas; one ton of portland cement clinker production is said to creates approximately one ton of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). Environmental issues are

Research on the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in cement, concrete and mortar has been
explored in different fronts in Nigeria with encouraging results. RHA is composed of silica, alumina, iron
oxide, calcium oxide and some traces of other compounds. The combustion of RHA at optimum temperature
established by researchers produces either amorphous or crystalline ash depending on the combustion
temperature and type of burning. This paper tries to bring under one umbrella documented research reported
in literature on the use of RHA in construction in Nigeria. Physical and chemical properties; consistency,
setting time and flow of mixed paste are reported. Combustion process and optimum temperature has also
been exclusively reported. Cement replacement with RHA, strength results on concrete, mortar, bricks and
blocks; other properties reported are flexural and tensile strength, sorptivity and coefficient of water
absorption. It is seen from literature that optimum replacement level of RHA with cement is about 10 – 20%
and with longer curing duration, as there is a sharp decrease in mechanical properties beyond this level.

Concrete is a versatile and cost-effective building material whose properties are influenced by age, curing condition, and installation. A number of studies deduced that there should be an association of benefits encouraged the use of partial replacements of cement seems to improve strength and durability properties of concrete. This paper presents a framework for feasibility assessment and determination of optimum percentage of rice husk ash (RHA) replacement. Five mix plans with RHA replacing ratio of 0-20% and constant micro-silica value by 10% were prepared. Tests results indicated that compressive strength increased by 20% with an increase in RHA up to 15%. The similar trend was observed in mix designs made of cement replaced by RHA up to 20% in water absorption coefficient measurement. Higher chloride ion penetration was observed in mix designs containing 25% RHA compared to that of conventional concrete. Mixes developed a slightly higher impact resistance than the control mix.

This article presents the result of laboratory study conducted on expansive soil specimens
treated with lignin, rice husk powder (RHP) and rice husk ash (RHA). The amount of lignin produced from
paper industry and RHP were varied from 0 to 20% and RHA from 0 to 10% by weight. The treated
specimens were subjected to unconfined compressive strength (UCS),swelling test and Atterberg limit tests.
The effect of additives on UCS and atterberg limit test results were reported. It was observed that the
additives and curing duration had a significant effect on the strength value of treated specimens. Generally
(except the sample treated with 20% RHP for 3-day) with increasing additive and curing duration the UCS
value increases. A RHP content of 15% was found to be the optimum with regard to 3-day cure UCS.

In this research, rice husk ash (RHA) —a carbon neutral waste product that is an abundant source of silica—was chosen as an innovative filler for epoxy paint. The influence of the RHA on different mechanical properties of the cured coatings (wear, hardness, and elongation) was investigated. Wear tests in pin-on-disc mode were carried out and followed by scanning electron microscopic observations to determine the wear mechanism for specimens with different values of carbon and silica according to their different colors as fillers for epoxy paint. Pencil hardness tests and bending tests were performed according to ASTM D3363 and ASTM D522 standards, respectively. Adding RHA (heat treated at 700°C) at two levels—10 and 20% weight fraction—to the unfilled epoxy paint increased the wear resistance, scratch resistance, and elongation of the filled coating compared to the unfilled epoxy coating.

Intending to contribute with the valorization of rural squanders that present transfer issues and the utilization of sustainable power sources, was looked into the rice husk burning in climatic foaming fluidized bed reactor. The technique was to assess the air overabundance impact in the pipe gases and the powder attributes. It was resolved the gases organization (CO, CO2 and NOx) and portrayed theash produced (XRD, XRF). 40%excessair advances temperatures inside the reactor around 700°C with higher change efficienciesbut declining the nebulous silica capability of the fiery debris. Opposite conduct was confirm at 128% overabundance air. The pipe gases demonstrated relative inconstancy for each working condition. In the CO case, a normal grouping of 200 ppm was found (on a dry premise of 11% O2) for air overabundance somewhere in the range of 40.0% and 82.5%.

Concrete is very wide topic in civil engineering field. Modification of concrete is very essential for eco-friendly environment for present scenario. Show we are using agricultural waste in concrete to modify the concrete and to reduce problems of waste disposal and land utilization for waste. The agricultural wastes which are used in this project:-i). Coconut shell ii). Rise husk ash Coconut shells are by-products of coconut oil production. Coconut shells are used in the production of activated carbon due to hardness and high carbon content. Concrete using Coconut Shell aggregates resulted in acceptable strength required for structural concrete. Coconut Shell may offer itself as a coarse aggregate as well as a potential construction material in the field of construction industries and this would solve the environmental problem of reducing the generation of solid wastes simultaneously.. The impact resistance of Coconut Shell concrete is high when compared with conventional concrete. Moisture retaining and water absorbing capacity of Coconut Shell are more compared to conventional aggregate. Cost reduction of 40% can be achieved if coconut shells are used to replace gravel in concrete. The amount of cement content may be more when Coconut Shell are used as an aggregate in the production of concrete compared to conventional aggregate concrete. Thus cement can also be replaced by rice husk ash which is an agricultural waste to make it low cost material. Rice husk ash (RHA) is a by-product from the burning of rice husk. This husk contains about 75 % organic volatile matter and the balance 25 % of the weight of this husk is converted into ash during the firing process, is known as rice husk ash (RHA). This RHA in turn contains around 85 %-90 % amorphous silica. Thus Rise husk is replaced partially by cement and Coconut shell is replaced by aggregate in various proportions. Then the concrete specimen is compared by testing on 7th, 14th and 28th day with water cement ratio of 0.5. Compressive strength tensile strength, workability, etc. will be shown in result. According to result of RHA moulds and coconut shell moulds the ratios are formed for using RHA and coconut shell together in concrete.

The primary objective of this study to investigate the strength of cement mortar. Cement is part replaced by Rice Husk Ash up to 30%. Jute fiber were added in the percentage of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by total weight of cement mortar. Jute fiber enhances the mechanical properties of cement mortar and also avoid crack propagation. The mixed specimen is cured for 7, and 28 days for observing compressive strength test results. Addition of small closely spaced, uniformly distributed fibers act as crack arrester, substantially increase static and dynamic properties with increasing water content. This paper results in the experimental study on the behavior of plain and fiber reinforced cement mortars with jute fiber. It has been resulted that the tested fiber reinforced mortars had no greater static and impact strength compared to plain mortar.