Social Economic

New credit delivery methodologies have evolved over time all over the country. These methodologies serve as means to meet financial needs of poor people. This paper makes an effort to understand the major credit delivery methodologies in Manipur and studies how credit is delivered in different ways to people. The self-help group model being the most recent credit delivery methodology in India has gained significance gradually in Manipur too. The outcomes of microfinance among clients are highlighted in brief. It also studies the traditional financial sector, Marup, which delivers credit differently to the entire population of Manipur that is more widespread and accepted by people as compared to formal microfinance. The paper presents the importance of the traditional financial sector on which poor people depend for consumption and emergency needs. Despite considerable presence and acceptance of the new and more viable credit delivery methodologies by the people, the traditional finance sector continues to be the main mode of meeting credit needs in Manipur.

Gender preferences may have substantial implications on the fertility behaviour of couples. Hank and Hans-Kohler (2002) suggest that sex preferences for children might have implications for a couple's fertility behaviour, where parents who desire one or more children of a certain sex should tend to have larger families than would otherwise be the case. The absence of sons increases the probability of an additional birth by significantly more than the absence of daughters (Jfriedman et al., 2008). In India as a whole, both attitudes and behaviour are vitally influenced by a long standing preference for sons, which is deeply rooted in the cultural traditions of the society (Mutharayappa, Rangamuthia, Choe, Minja, Arnold,, Fred, et. al., 1997). Education, high financial status and modernisation do not appear to reduce son preference significantly. In this study an attempt is made to find out how the son preference and fertility behaviour of women are related and the effect of demographic variables such as education, income, area of living, religion, number of children, reported ideal family size, gender and birth order of children on son preference.

Comparative health studies consistently find that Canadians on average are healthier than Americans. Comparing health status within and between Canada and the United States provides key insights into the distribution of inequalities in these two countries. Canada’s universal health care insurance system contrasts with the mixed system of the United States: universal care for seniors, private health care insurance for many, and no or intermittent coverage for others. These countries are also notably different in the extent of income and racial/ethnic inequalities. It is within this context that this study compares the relative strength of the relationships between social, economic, and demographic factors (sex, age, marital status, income, education, country of birth, and race/ethnicity) and health status in Canada and the United States. Evidence drawn from the 2002-2003 Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health reveals that the correlations between these factors, above all country...

Downloadable! There is a strong positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, but identifying the direction of causation is difficult. This study exploits the longitudinal nature of two Canadian surveys, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics and the National ...

All actual and potential investors seek information that is clear and complete and yet is also accurate and timely. Financial reporting as result of information systems Accounting for users of financial information in the private sector or the public sector to provide Financial management and accountability and stewardship role is important. With the increasing development of information technology and ICT, delay in obtaining information loss is a competitive market with investment opportunities. In this regard, many companies are trying to increase their influence financial information through Website and provide such information to employees, investors, financial analysts increase. The financial reporting extensible language called XBRL, which was created to finance a chain of information, has become not just a single document to be exchanged. XBRL, indicating a significant surge in information technology effectively in the public system and the private system is used.

This paper explores one form of intergenerational exchange, that of financial transfers from parents to adult children and grandchildren. Research on intergenerational financial transfers has been sparse, and little is known about the perceptions of older people themselves related to such transfers. Survey data from a convenience sample of older Canadians was analyzed to determine the type of financial assistance older persons provide to their adult children and grandchildren, what motivates them to provide this assistance, and the meanings such transfers hold for the older persons themselves. Findings from the study are discussed within a life course perspective. An overarching theme that emerges from this study reflects the desire of older parents to help their children and grandchildren 'build or rebuild secure lives and futures'. Other reasons for providing such financial assistance are discussed under the themes: family love or commitment; "they need it and I can h...

We generally notice drugs that have outlived their expiry dates being consumed by acquaintances without a second thought. This tendency or inclination is done mainly with the objective of saving money that has already been spent on the medication, unmindful that the outcome of such action could lead to serious ill effects or counter illness. Secondly, citizens who are aware of such ill effects duly and promptly dispose off such drugs that have crossed their shelf life, oblivious of the proper ways of disposal and the effects of careless disposal of drugs that have crossed expiry dates.Before embarking on presenting this paper for the National Conference on ‘Multilevel Interventions for Health Care: Framing New Inclusive Health Policies, ’ the authors made a survey of friends, acquaintances and public, regarding disposal of unused and date expired drugs at their homes.The structured interview and discussions with people around brought out many shocking and dangerous practices being followed by the people though, many of the respondents were highly educated and well aware of their wrong and unmindful actions. This paper tries to analyze the effects of drug disposal, taking into view the observations from pharmacists, druggists, and also from available literature on the subject, in the city of Mysore. The paper further tries to emphasize the most suitable method of disposal of drugs and its effect on the environment.

This is the first time that a comprehensive survey of Persian grammar evolution has been done. From the hundreds of Persian grammar books, this book was selected. These books were the pioneer and the founder of innovative Persian grammar theories in their time and were the most influential on their addressees and till now they are still used in educational academic institutes for research and in Persian grammar research in Iran. This Persian grammar book is Khatib-Rahbar. The research method in this study was based on descriptive and library and note-taking method. The traditional grammar changes were studied and its ability to provide a scientific inclusive, comprehensive and economic theory was analyzed. The findings in this article can be used to provide a scientific, inclusive and comprehensive grammar book, which can lead to simpler and less voluminous books that are userfriendly and can reach grammar with more simplicity and in a shorter period of time.

The investment-led boom in the develop- ing world Developing economies also thrived during 2002-07, for a combination of reasons. One important set of reasons was domestic. As a group, the develop- ing economies had entered the decade in much better shape ( ...

The primary purpose of this paper is to examine disability-related sources of income and expenses among high and low income older Canadians. Specifically, the paper attempts to answer three questions: Do low and high income seniors experience disability equally? ...

Substance abuse among college students has become a subject of concern all over the world. Growing substance abuse and its crash on physical and psychosocial health is a global public health concern. Particularly disturbing fact is that the age of commencement of abuse is gradually falling. To plan effective interventions, it is essential to have information on the extent and type of substance abuse among students and their attitude towards its control. The current study was carried out to find out the prevalence of substance abuse among college students from urban areas in Bangalore and Mysore, data was collected from students in degree level (n=40), using the WHO ASSIST. This study aimed to show the prevalence of substance abuse among college students and also to understand the influence of legal and soft drugs on the future use of dangerous and hard drugs. Results of current study revealed that the prevalence of substance abuse among college students is high and causes significant physical and psychological problem in this population. A large proportion of those using drugs reported serious adverse effect, raising the necessity of targeted intervention to reduce the risk of subsequent substance and other deleterious consequence.

The phenomena of rural household, making diversified form of livelihoods has been a common found outcome by researchers throughout the world. There are different causes of diversification and has differential outcome to the income distribution because the problems of livelihoods are context specific, temporal and spatial. Selecting 300 households randomly, from the eight different types of villages of Sikkim for the study purpose, this paper tries to make an inquiry of diversification of livelihoods and distribution of rural incomes. Using Simpson‘s diversification index, the extent of diversification has been measured to be 0.55 and using Gini coefficient the inequality in income distribution. Further decomposition of Gini inequality according to income source has been done and the major source of rural income inequality has been identified. It is indicated that despite the centrality of agriculture, rural households are engaged in other nonfarm activities for an alternative income sources. Results indicate, that both the farm income as well as the nonfarm income to be the cause of rural income inequality.

OBJECTIVE: Prescription medicine use by the elderly is of growing concern as indicated by a large literature focused on rising costs, patient compliance and the appropriateness of use. However, prescriptions account for only a portion of medicines used by the elderly, who have increasing access to non-prescription medicines and natural health products. The objective of this paper is to describe overall medicine use among the elderly in Ontario. METHODS: Using the National Population Health Survey (1996/97), we describe self-reported use of prescription, non-prescription and alternative medicines among elderly Ontarians aged 65+, and we compare use among four age sub-groups and by gender. Analysis is focused on the prevalence of, and the relative balance of use of different types of medicines. RESULTS: About one quarter of the respondents reported using no prescription or non-prescription medicines in the two days prior to being surveyed; a large majority reported using two or fewer ...

... Bu çalışmada, yukarıda kısaca nedenleri açıklanan kriz sonrası Türkiye'de yaşanan döviz kuru ve kur sistemi tartışmaları sonrası, reel ... Analiz için kullanılan ekonometrik modelde, sektörel ihracat rakamlarının, reel efektif döviz kuru ve sektörel reel ücret düzeyinin bir fonksiyonu ...