In the elderly, the hormone system is declines..stimulation of the pancreatic response is decreases, so the insulin produced also tends to decrease, than causes an increase in blood glucose. The pancreas is an organ that produces insulin... more
In the elderly, the hormone system is declines..stimulation of the pancreatic response is decreases, so the insulin produced also tends to decrease, than causes an increase in blood glucose. The pancreas is an organ that produces insulin a hormone that regulates the breakdown of glucose and other nutrients in the body. Complementary techniques prove effective methods for lowering blood glucose, namely listening to the recitation of the Qur'an. This study is a quantitative study with a pre-experimental one group pre post test design with a sample of 16 people. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was no effect of giving an intervention in writing the Quran with the follow the line method on the results of checking blood glucose levels in the elderly at the Bisma Upakara Social Service Orphanage, Pemalang. The hypothalamus is an area that regulates some of the vegetative functions, endocrine functions of the body such as aspects of emotional behavior, and con...
Aerobic exercise typically decreases blood glucose levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes. It is currently unknown if glucose responses to exercise and recovery differ between patients on multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) and... more
Aerobic exercise typically decreases blood glucose levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes. It is currently unknown if glucose responses to exercise and recovery differ between patients on multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Nineteen (16 male, three female) physically active individuals with type 1 diabetes took part in this observational study. Interstitial glucose levels (blinded) were compared during 45 min of standardized aerobic exercise (cycling or running at 60% peak aerobic capacity) and during 6 h of postexercise recovery between individuals using MDI (n=9) and CSII (n=10) therapy. Both MDI and CSII groups had similar reductions in glucose levels during exercise, but responses in early and late recovery differed (group × time interaction, P<0.01). Participants using MDI had greater increases in glucose throughout recovery compared with individuals with CSII. Two-thirds of the MDI patients experienced late-onset ...
The abdominal region is the most common location for continuous glucose monitor (CGM) sensor insertion. However, a paucity of post-marketing data is available to demonstrate intra-individual consistency of CGM readings at different... more
The abdominal region is the most common location for continuous glucose monitor (CGM) sensor insertion. However, a paucity of post-marketing data is available to demonstrate intra-individual consistency of CGM readings at different abdominal insertion sites. Healthy adults (fasting glucose (FG) < 5.5 mmol/L; BMI < 30 kg/m²) were recruited and a CGM sensor was placed on each side of the abdomen. Postprandial and continuous 48-h interstitial glucose levels were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the 3-h postprandial glucose (PPG) level derived from the left versus right CGM, which remained non-significant after adjusting for waist circumference or FG. Among the glucose levels recorded over 48-h, values on the left site were greater in 3.6% of the data points ( < 0.05). After adjusting for waist circumference, only 0.5% of the glucose values remained significantly greater on the left ( < 0.05). When adjusted for FG, similar results were observed. For both PPG ...
Introduction: In persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) insulin dosing can be adjusted based on trend arrows derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). We propose a slide rule with narrower blood glucose intervals and more classes of... more
Introduction: In persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) insulin dosing can be adjusted based on trend arrows derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). We propose a slide rule with narrower blood glucose intervals and more classes of insulin sensitivity than are available in current models. Methods: The slide rule was tested in silico, in which a meal was simulated in 100 virtual subjects and the insulin bolus was calculated either in the standard way based on the insulinto-carbohydrate ratio and the correction factor or according to the slide rule, following which
This study aimed to: (1) assess Escherichia coli contamination in polony, beef burgers and traditionally fermented cow milk from the formal and informal markets in Harare, Zimbabwe, (2) determine the antibiotic sensitivity of Escherichia... more
This study aimed to: (1) assess Escherichia coli contamination in polony, beef burgers and traditionally fermented cow milk from the formal and informal markets in Harare, Zimbabwe, (2) determine the antibiotic sensitivity of Escherichia coli isolates, and (3) identify Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli isolates using the presence of virulence genes, namely, intimin, enterohemolysin A and Shiga toxins 1 and 2. Ninety-six samples comprising 32 beef polony slices, 32 beef burger patties, and 32 fermented milk specimens were obtained from the informal and formal outlets of the central business district. Escherichia coli occurred in 20 (21%) of the samples, being more prevalent in the informal (29%) than in the formal (13%) market. Of the 20 E. coli isolates, 6 (30%) were Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, and the rest (70%) were negative for virulence genes. The predominance of Escherichia coli was greater in meat products (25%) than in fermented milk (13%). Total Escherichia coli counts were not substantially different between formal and informal markets (t-test: p=0.08). All the E. coli isolates were multidrugresistant with antimicrobial resistance prevalence ranging from 25% for Sulphamethoxazole to 100% for Penicillin and Erythromycin. The presence of E. coli in food indicates faecal contamination and probable existence of other enteric pathogens. The presence of virulent and antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains in food threatens food safety and public health. We conclude that ready-to-eat animal products from both informal and formal sectors could result in the dissemination of antimicrobialresistant Escherichia coli species if corrective measures are not taken.
Background: Recreational scuba diving has been authorized for type 1 diabetics over 18 years old – the age of majority in France – since 2004, but it remained forbidden for younger diabetics by the French underwater federation (FFESSM).... more
Background: Recreational scuba diving has been authorized for type 1 diabetics over 18 years old – the age of majority in France – since 2004, but it remained forbidden for younger diabetics by the French underwater federation (FFESSM). Here, we present a study to evaluate: – the conditions under which diving could be authorized for 14- to 18 year olds with type 1 diabetes; – the value of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) while diving. A secondary objective was to monitor the impact of diving on the teenagers’ quality of life. Subject and methods: Sixteen adolescents (14–17.5 years old) were included. Diabetes was known for 6 years (range, 1–14) and Hb1Ac was 9.0% (range, 7.7–11.9). The study was conducted in Mayotte with both capillary glycemia (CG) and CGM measurements taken during five dives. Results: The average CG prior to diving was 283 mg/dL and decreased by 75 +or- 76 mg/dL during the dive. No hypoglycemia occurred during the dives and four episodes occurred after. Glycemia variations during dives and for the overall duration of the study were greater than for adults, most likely due to the general adolescent behavior, notably regarding diet and diabetes management. CGM was greatly appreciated by the adolescents. They had an overall satisfactory quality of life. No significant variations were observed during the entire course of the study. Conclusions: Although in need of further studies, these preliminary results show that CGM can be used while diving. CGM records show a continuous decrease of glycemia during dives. Based on these results, the French underwater federation has now authorized diving for adolescent type 1 diabetics following a specific diving protocol that includes HbA1c < 8.5%, autonomous management of diabetes by the adolescent, reduction of insulin doses, and target glycemia prior to the dive > 250 mg/dL.
Type 1 diabetes is a challenging condition to manage for various physiological and behavioural reasons. Regular exercise is important, but management of diff erent forms of physical activity is particularly diffi cult for both the... more
Type 1 diabetes is a challenging condition to manage for various physiological and behavioural reasons. Regular exercise is important, but management of diff erent forms of physical activity is particularly diffi cult for both the individual with type 1 diabetes and the health-care provider. People with type 1 diabetes tend to be at least as inactive as the general population, with a large percentage of individuals not maintaining a healthy body mass nor achieving the minimum amount of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity per week. Regular exercise can improve health and wellbeing, and can help individuals to achieve their target lipid profi le, body composition, and fi tness and glycaemic goals. However, several additional barriers to exercise can exist for a person with diabetes, including fear of hypoglycaemia, loss of glycaemic control, and inadequate knowledge around exercise management. This Review provides an up-to-date consensus on exercise management for individuals with type 1 diabetes who exercise regularly, including glucose targets for safe and eff ective exercise, and nutritional and insulin dose adjustments to protect against exercise-related glucose excursions.
Aims: To observe glucose profiles in post-partum women with type 1 diabetes with a particular focus on hypogly-caemia. Methods: Post-partum women with type 1 diabetes were studied for 4 weeks using home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) and... more
Aims: To observe glucose profiles in post-partum women with type 1 diabetes with a particular focus on hypogly-caemia. Methods: Post-partum women with type 1 diabetes were studied for 4 weeks using home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Episodes of hypoglycaemia were documented using self-reported questionnaires. Results: Of 15 consenting participants, only six women completed the study, four of whom breastfed their baby. HBGM was performed a median of 7 times per day. No severe hypoglycaemia (requiring third party assistance) occurred, but a median of 17 (range 10–23) episodes of mild hypogly-caemia occurred. In all participants, CGM revealed several episodes of hypoglycaemia that were not detected by capillary blood glucose testing. Conclusions: Asymptomatic hypoglycaemia is common during breastfeeding. Recruitment and retention difficulties illustrate the challenge of studying glycaemia and intensive interventions in the post-partum period. Education programmes may help to reduce post-partum hypogly-caemia in women with type 1 diabetes. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2015;15:119-122
