Upper Palaeolithic boundary

Mengurangi penggunaan material baru atau penghematan kebutuhan untuk mengurangi proses daur ulang dan eksploitasi sumber daya alam yang berlebihan dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan sampah atau menggunakan barang bekas. Sampah adalah masalah universal dan seni adalah bahasa universal. Seni mendaur ulang sampah menjadi sesuatu yang memiliki nilai seni tinggi merupakan salah satu terobosan yang akan mampu mengurangi jumlah sampah yang ada di sekitar kita. Serta dapat memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi keselamatan lingkungan hidup di bumi. Pesan-pesan untuk menjaga keselamatan lingkungan hidup tersebut dapat disampaikan melalui seni, sehingga seni merupakan salah satu media yang mampu mempengaruhi masyarakat agar berperilaku positif bagi bumi. Semakin banyak seniman yang mengolah sampah menjadi sesuatu yang bernilai seni tinggi, tetapi wadah untuk memamerkannya masih terbatas. Saat ini belum ada galeri khusus yang mewadahi kebutuhan seni dan lingkungan hidup yang menerapkan material b...

The study of the Upper Palaeolithic in the South of the Iberian Peninsula is usually addressed from a few stratigraphic sequences recognized in the region. We can say that the upper Palaeolithic in Andalusia is one of the worse known stages of regional prehistory. On the other hand, its development has just surpassed the description of the typological formal characterization. In some cases, recent contributions in the central region of the Baetic Mountain range, confined to the province of Granada, appeared during the last century.In this sense, the present study has two objectives. On one hand, to present the site of the rockshelter 3 of the “tajos de Marchales” (Colomera, Granada, Spain), as a new Magdalenian site in the mountainous area of Sub-Baetic Andalusia.On the other hand, through the application of diacritic analysis on cores, unretouched material and tools recognisable, we present the technological characterization of different chaîne opératoire from the production suppor...

В статье затрагиваются вопросы об авторстве, истории открытия грота Эмба (Толеубулак), а также приводятся данные о многочисленных палеолитических стоянках и местонахождениях региона, обозначены перспективы дальнейших исследований археологических памятников. Основная цель археологической экспедиции Института археологии им. А. Х. Маргулана с участием заинтересованных специалистов управления культуры и историко-краеведческого музея Актюбинской области, Национального музея РК в 2020 г. заключалась в повторном обследовании грота Эмба (Толеубулак) и его окрестностей, разработке плана и включения наиболее ярких памятников археологии в туристические маршруты в рамках Государственной программы «Тұган жер». В статье приводятся новые сведения о результатах исследования памятника в 2020 г.

This  article  explores  a  unique  pedagogical  approach  for  teaching  lithic  knapping,  an  essential  aspect of experimental archaeology that focuses on the accurate replication of stone tools. The authors describe the establishment of the Flint Knapping Club (FKC) at Loyola University Chicago, where a diverse  group  of  undergraduate  students  is  introduced  to  the  art  of  lithic  knapping  and  trained  using  the pedagogical approach presented here.This  methodology  is  based  on  a  combination  of  published  literature,  common  practices  in  contemporary academic and non-academic knapping groups, and the experience of the instructor. The presented  pedagogical  method  can  be  completed  in  an  average  of  10  hours  and  comprises  a  seven-component workflow, including: (1) theory of the fundamental dynamics and physics of knapping, (2) hard hammer percussion, (3) soft hammer percussion, and (4) pressure flaking. A particular emphasis is given to archaeologically accurate tools, raw materials, and knapping methods. Each component is designed to build on the skills and knowledge learned in the previous steps. Students are also given the opportunity  to  complete  replication  projects  of  stone  tools  such  as  a  unidirectional  pebble  chopper,  bifacially worked hand axes, a projectile point, and a hafted end scraper.The  presented  approach  aims  to  provide  a  comprehensive  understanding  of  lithic  knapping,  showcasing the advanced degree of skill acquisition irrespective of prior experience in lithic knapping. The  success  of  the  pedagogical  approach  is  demonstrated  by  two  case  studies,  where  students  produced  a  set  of  six  projectile  points  based  on  cultural  traditions  from  Southern  Illinois  and  a  collection of eccentric lithics inspired by Mayan artifacts.Our  pedagogical  approach  is  a  valuable  resource  for  teaching  lithic  knapping  and  challenges  traditional  stereotypes  based  on  gender  and  age  within  the  field.  It  is  easy  to  implement,  requires  limited resources, and has been shown to be effective. With this training, it is possible to develop the appropriate  skills  to  carry  out  independent  and  complex  projects  that  traditionally  would  have  been  considered achievable only for knappers with far more experience.

The quartzite industries
from the lower layers of the Nepryakhino site
(Volga-Ural interfluve, Saratov oblast of Russia)
are characterized by laminar reduction of
prismatic cores by means of marginal flaking,
and the presence of numerous leaf-shaped
bifacial points. These industrial features are
common for the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP)
industries of Northern Eurasia. The lithic assemblages
of Lincomb-Ranis-Jerzmanowice,
Bohunician, Seletian and Kostenki-Streletskaya
culture, as well as those of the Initial Upper
Paleolithic of Altai and North Central Asia contain
both leaf-shaped bifaces and volumetric
cores designed for the production of blades. As to the flaking technique used to remove
blades from cores it is sometimes marginal
and sometimes non-marginal. In conclusion
the author puts forward an idea that the
appearance of numerous leaf-shaped bifacial
points in the EUP Northern Eurasia could be
functionally connected with the development
of pole weapons.

This paper assesses the exploitation of osseous raw materials, namely antler, used by hunter-gatherer populations in the Late Upper Palaeolithic of Santimamiñe cave. The different categories of products (waste products, blanks, and finished objects) are analysed from a technological perspective to identify the fabrication methods employed by Magdalenian groups. A predominant operational scheme is identified, extraction by the double grooving procedure, related to the production of highly standardised rods. This study will allow us to explore possible cultural variations in the application of this procedure. It also addresses other aspects in relation to the circulation of osseous implements, the mobility of hunter-gatherer groups, and the useful life of the weapons, as regard maintenance and discard behaviour.

Excavation by Charles McBurney and John Clegg during the early 1960s revealed a sequence with a Mousterian occupation, of which the principal finds were two bout coupé handaxes, stratified close to the base of a Middle Devensian hyaena-den accumulation. The human occupation should belong within the period 64–38 ka with comparative and stratigraphic evidence favouring a date within the earlier part of this range before 50 ka. The hyaena-den occupation probably extends from at least 40 ka (if not 60 ka) until c. 24 ka.

Five nearly identical fragments of specialized bone tools, interpreted as lissoirs (French for “smoothers”), have been found at two Middle Paleolithic sites in southwest France. The finds span three separate archaeological deposits, suggesting continuity in the behavior of late Neandertals. Using standard morphological assessments, we determined that the lissoirs were produced on ribs of medium-sized ungulates. However, since these bones are highly fragmented and anthropogenically modified, species determinations were challenging. Also, conservative curation policy recommends minimizing destructive sampling of rare, fragile, or small artifacts for molecular identification methods. To better understand raw material selection for these five lissoirs, we reassess their taxonomy using a non-destructive ZooMS methodology based on triboelectric capture of collagen. We sampled four storage containers and obtained identifiable MALDI-TOF MS collagen fingerprints, all indicative of the same t...

Thierry Aubry, Miguel Almeida 1, Patrick Candela, Pedro Proença Cunha, Luca Antonio Dimuccio, Laure Fontana 2, Coline Garrel, Nicolas Holzem, Jean-Claude Marquet 3, Morgane Liard, Jean-Baptiste Peyrouse, Maria João Neves 4, Bertrand Walter 5

The current volume of the annals Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories contains articles presenting the results of the most recent research in the main areas of work of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Among the authors are both well-known and young scientists from Russian and foreign academic and university scientific centers. The issue is intended for specialists in archaeology, ethnology, and anthropology.

В статье рассматриваются результаты разведочных полевых работ, проводившихся в окрестностях грота Толеубулак (Мугалжарский р-н, Актюбинская обл.) в 2021 г. Окрестности грота Толеубулак известны разновременными археологическими памятниками от эпохи палеолита до этнографического времени. Памятники каменного века в указанном районе представлены стоянками и местонахождениями с «поверхностным культурным горизонтом». Наличие большого количества родников и обилие каменного сырья на местности определили задачи и методы по поиску памятников с сохранившимися культурными слоями. В ходе рекогносцировочных работ были осмотрены окрестности родников, заложены шурфы. Работы 2021 г. показали, что наиболее перспективными являются шурфы № 7 и 8, заложенные возле родника Андакулбулак, с погребенными культурными отложениями, содержащими каменные артефакы, а также шурф № 10 северо-восточнее родника Толеубулак, представляющий собой остатки местонахождения неолит-энеолитического времени, смешанного комплек...

On the new interpretation of nature of Middle Palaeolithic artifacts in the lower layer of Syuren’ I

Paper deals with critical evaluation of recently proposed hypotheses explaining the nature of MP artifacts in the context of lowermost culture-bearing horizons of SW Crimean Aurignacian site of Syuren' I. Checking of pro and contra arguments allow us to reject the explanatory potentials of idea of multiple asynchronous and alternative Neanderthal and Homo sapiens occupations as possessing no objective grounds. To the contrary, there are some positive facts allowing to suppose immediate contacts between Homo s. Neandertalensis and Homo s. sapiens resulting in joint position of Mp and UP artifacts in frameworks of several distinct occupation episodes roughly around 30 Kyr BP. Nevertheless, the final explanation of Syuren I lower layer evidence is still reserved in future

Thierry Aubry, Miguel Almeida 1, Patrick Candela, Pedro Proença Cunha, Luca Antonio Dimuccio, Laure Fontana 2, Coline Garrel, Nicolas Holzem, Jean-Claude Marquet 3, Morgane Liard, Jean-Baptiste Peyrouse, Maria João Neves 4, Bertrand Walter 5