Visual Economy

Abstract -- Filipino migration is characterized by taking up positions abroad that conform to gender roles, while nonmigrating household members take over the duties of the absent migrant. When those duties do not conform to one’s gender role, one is less likely to perform the duty. In the case of a mother migrating, the father (who is “traditionally” seen as the main breadwinner, but not as the primary parent) is put into a position wherein he earns less than his wife and is expected to take care of the children. However, men are also commonly considered less capable of raising children, despite communications technology having advanced so that dual parenting can still be accomplished from abroad; fathers do not have to be seen as the only parents in this situation. The stigmatization that men experience as a result of their wives migrating has a serious effect on their feelings of masculinity and is further exacerbated by the “New Heroes” national script put forward by the government, which praises migrants as saving the nation while ignoring the equal (or greater) labor carried out in their absence. This thesis, built upon fieldwork conducted in Cebu City, disputes the widespread reputation of men as incapable fathers who rely entirely upon their wives’ remittances, and advocates calling more attention to the gender- and vocation-biased praise of the New Heroes propaganda.

Migrant social capital can reduce the costs and risks of migration and thereby increase the likelihood of cumulative migration among network members. However, several ethnographic studies of transnational migrant networks have highlighted repeated and regular instances of current migrants refusing to provide migration assistance to network contacts in the home country. Extending this nascent body of research, this article proposes a multi-factor framework at the individual, dyad, network, job, market and country levels that influences current migrants' helping decisions, particularly when it comes to labour migration assistance. This framework is constructed using interview data from 95 Filipino migrant domestic workers in the Philippines, Singapore and Hong Kong. These interviews showcase the dynamic and differentiated nature of migrant social-capital mobilisation in terms of the volume, type and conditionality of the assistance provided.

In recent years, the group known as the Islamic State (IS) have skilfully
produced and coordinated a successful media apparatus which, until
recently, helped to fortify a caliphate. The reach of IS’s media has both
local and global concentrations and includes an uptake of one-to-many
(videos, magazines, songs) and many-to-many media (blogs, social
networks). While there has been a focus on the representative
messages of IS media as propaganda, little work has been done on the
production and regulation of internal citizens and external supporters’
daily conduct in terms of processes of subjectification; less has been
done on IS’s deployment of specific techniques of power. In light of an
analysis of IS videos such as End of Sykes-Picot (2014) and No Respite
(2015), I argue that IS media exerts biopower in that it teaches who to
‘make live’ or ‘let die’ (Foucault, 2003, p. 241). Here, biopolitical
deployment must be considered beyond a strictly scientific sense: IS
do not solely rely on the scientific disciplines to capture, analyse,
manage, foster, and exclude life. Instead, biopower in IS media refers
rather to a cultural biopolitics (Blencowe, 2011): IS media teaches
subjects what kind of daily conduct is required for the pursuit of
salvation. By linking biopower with Foucault’s concept of
governmentality, we can then begin to delineate how IS subjects are
biopolitically cultivated through material and media apparatuses.

Migrant social capital can reduce the costs and risks of migration and thereby increase the likelihood of cumulative migration among network members. However, several ethnographic studies of transnational migrant networks have highlighted repeated and regular instances of current migrants refusing to provide migration assistance to network contacts in the home country. Extending this nascent body of research, this article proposes a multi-factor framework at the individual, dyad, network, job, market and country levels that influences ...

O presente artigo parte da análise dos desenhos realizados por Adolf Methfessel (1836-1909) quando acompanhava as tropas argentinas durante a Guerra do Paraguai (1864-1870), encontrados na Biblioteca Brasiliana da USP. Da aproximação entre osregistros gráficos produzidos no fronte de batalha, reunidos em um caderno intitulado Krieg in Paraguay, e as gravuras que compõem o conjunto de litografias denominado Álbum Methfessel: Escenas de la Guerra del Paraguay, intenta-se iluminar a potência contida nas operações de deslizamentos das imagens entre diferentes suportesnesse momento de expansão das novas tecnologias de reprodução. A relação produtiva que resulta da circulação e das trocas entre o “original” e seus múltiplos será ainda discutida a partir do diálogo entre a produção de Methfessel e as aquarelas de José Ignácio Garmendia (1841-1925). Tais itinerâncias de forma e conteúdo serão vistas à luz das relações encadeadas entre os dispositivos técnicos de reprodução e os meios de publicação e difusão das imagens, quandoestas assumem a natureza deum novo gênero de mercadoria,no momento em que se autonomizam das belas artes.

ABSTRACT Family photography, a ubiquitous domestic tradition in the developed world, is now more popular than ever thanks to the development of digital photography. Once uploaded to PCs and other gadgets, photographs may be stored, deleted, put in albums, sent to relatives and friends, retouched, or put on display. Moreover, in recent years family photographs are more frequently appearing in public media: on posters, in newspapers and on the Internet, particularly in the wake of disasters like 9/11, and in cases of missing children. Here, case study material drawn from the UK offers a deeper understanding of both domestic family photographs and their public display. Recent work in material culture studies, geography, and anthropology is used to approach photographs as objects embedded in social practices, which produce specific social positions, relations and effects. Also explored are the complex economies of gifting and exchange amongst families, and the rich geographies of domestic and public spaces into which family photography offers an insight.