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Sustainability Assessment of Sewerage Infrastructure Projects: A Conceptual Framework

Sustainable sewerage infrastructure projects are essential in achieving sustainable development, as infrastructure directly affects all measures of such development. However, sewerage infrastructures face a variety of challenges and threats to their sustained performance throughout their life cycle, including effects of aging, aggressive environmental factors, inadequate design, underfunding, improper operation, and maintenance activities. These challenges lead to the enhancement of the risks of failure, for example, sewer leakage, overflow, and odor. These issues can have serious impacts on the environment, public health and safety, the economy, and the service lives of assets. Only a few research has focused on assessing sustainability at the project level, and to the best of researchers' knowledge, no study has assessed sewerage throughout its project life cycle. In response to this issue, this study proposes a sustainability assessment framework that focuses on all aspects of sustainability throughout the project life cycle. Furthermore, this framework supports the decision-making process throughout the life cycle of assets, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the projects and providing greater transparency for the stakeholders.

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An overview of principles of odor production, emission, and control methods in wastewater collection and treatment systems

Odorous gases are the most important reason that people register complaints with organizations responsible for wastewater collection and treatment systems (WCTS). Although several studies have been conducted for prevention and control of odorous gases, no comprehensive research exists about recent achievements in this area. The aim of the present study is to collect and categorize the new achievements in preventing and controlling odorous gases in WCTS. Two strategies for controlling odor emissions from WCTS are (1) prevention of odor production and (2) removal of odorous compounds from emissions of WCTS. Between the two, priority goes to preventing odorous compounds&amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; production. Several methods have been developed to prevent odor production, such as increasing oxidation reduction potential; inhibiting the activity of sulfide reducing bacteria; chemical removal of hydrogen sulfide; applying formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde to prevent hydrogen sulfide production; and using fuel cells in hydrogen sulfide inhibition and gradual release of oxygen in gas phase by using MgO2 or CaO2. In addition to preventing odorous compounds in WCTS, many other methods have been introduced to remove odorous compounds from emissions of WCTS, such as biofilters; bioscrubbers; biotrickling filters; suspended growth reactors; and membrane bioreactors and scrubbers. Through this review, responsible organizations can find new, effective, and economical strategies to prevent and control odorous gases in WCTS.

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An overview of principles of odor production, emission, and control methods in wastewater collection and treatment systems

Odorous gases are the most important reason that people register complaints with organizations responsible for wastewater collection and treatment systems (WCTS). Although several studies have been conducted for prevention and control of odorous gases, no comprehensive research exists about recent achievements in this area. The aim of the present study is to collect and categorize the new achievements in preventing and controlling odorous gases in WCTS. Two strategies for controlling odor emissions from WCTS are (1) prevention of odor production and (2) removal of odorous compounds from emissions of WCTS. Between the two, priority goes to preventing odorous compounds' production. Several methods have been developed to prevent odor production, such as increasing oxidation reduction potential; inhibiting the activity of sulfide reducing bacteria; chemical removal of hydrogen sulfide; applying formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde to prevent hydrogen sulfide production; and using fuel cells in hydrogen sulfide inhibition and gradual release of oxygen in gas phase by using MgO 2 or CaO 2. In addition to preventing odorous compounds in WCTS, many other methods have been introduced to remove odorous compounds from emissions of WCTS, such as biofilters; bioscrubbers; biotrickling filters ; suspended growth reactors; and membrane bioreactors and scrubbers. Through this review, responsible organizations can find new, effective, and economical strategies to prevent and control odorous gases in WCTS.

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Financing Wastewater Management

Urban sanitation is a priority issue for cities everywhere. Major deficiencies in the provision of this basic service contribute to environmental health problems and the degradation of scarce water resources. The rapid growth of cities and the accompanying concentration of population lead to increasing amounts of human wastes that need to be managed safely. The relative success in providing cities with usable water has led to greater volumes of wastewater requiring management, both domestic and industrial. As population densities in cities increase, the volumes of wastewater generated per household exceed the infiltration capacity of local soils and require greater drainage capacity and the introduction of sewer systems. Wastewaters flowing out of cities can, in turn, affect downstream water resources and threaten their sustainable use.
The mix of problems and the capacity to deal with these sanitation problems varies amongst cities and countries. Confronting these problems requires an ability to face a number of challenges, including different environmental health challenges as well as financial, institutional, and technical challenges. The challenges are great, but the evidence shows that they are not insurmountable. Meeting them requires the political will and support of urban residents to adopt appropriate investment and cost-recovery policies as well as sustaining the implementation of strategic actions.

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Evidence of Wastewater Treatment Plant Worker Biohazard Evidence of Wastewater Treatment Plant Worker Biohazard Exposure and Health Symptom Responses

Raw sewage ordinarily contains various biohazards (disease-causing organisms and their products), such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, helminths, and protozoa. Types, concentrations and survival of biohazards in sewage vary greatly depending on geographical and seasonal factors, and treatment levels within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A review was undertaken to identify evidence of biohazard exposures and health symptom responses in WWTP workers who may be at increased occupational risk compared to the general population. Studies from 1990 onwards identified the following WWTP equipment or tasks as the most important for biohazard exposures: pre-treatment equipment (either indoors or in confined areas), sludge dewatering equipment, worker tasks involving water used for cleaning and contact with raw sewage.
Twenty-eight epidemiological observational studies were identified that compared various markers of biohazard exposure and/or health symptom responses in WWTP worker cohorts and non-worker cohorts for potential exposure to bacteria, viruses, molds and/or endotoxin. Most epidemiological studies comparing self-reported and/or actual health symptoms of WWTP workers to those of non-exposed controls do not show evidence of causality of health symptoms and/or biomarkers of biohazards commonly found in sewage and/or their findings indicate that occupational health risks to WWTP workers are small. Instances where evidence of causality is suggested tend to be based on self-reported outcomes. Caution is acknowledged in interpreting studies suggesting causality of self-reported symptoms because these studies can be influenced by awareness bias of subjects. Equipment, processes and work tasks associated with bioaerosol emissions and worker exposure controls at WWTPs are also discussed.

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- by Rasha Maal-Bared and +1
  Craig Michaels
- •
- 7
  Epidemiology, Occupational Health, Wastewater Treatment, Bioaerosols

فناوریهای جلوگیری از تولید بو و خوردگی ناشی از سولفید هیدروژن در شبکه های جمع آوری فاضلاب

کنترل بو و خوردگی در شبکه های جمع آوری فاضلاب یکی از دغدغه های همیشگی مهندسین محسوب می گردد. به دلیل هزینه های هنگفت ناشی از خوردگی لوله های جمع آوری فاضلاب و همچنین اعتراض ساکنین منطقه به دلیل تولید بوی نامطبوع از فاضلاب، تحقیقات گسترده ای جهت یافتن شیوه های موثر و کم هزینه برای کنترل این معضلات ارائه شده است. هدف از این مطالعه جمع آوری دستاوردهای موجود در زمینه کنترل بو و خوردگی با تاکید بر حذف سولفید هیدروژن به عنوان عامل اصلی این معضلات می باشد. در این مطالعه روشهای کنترل تولید سولفید هیدروژن همچون استفاده از اکساینده های شیمیایی، استفاده از رقابت شیمیایی، استفاده از پیل های سوختی میکروبی، ترسیب شیمیایی سولفید، استفاده از باکتریوفاژها، تهویه و تصفیه هوای حاوی سولفیدهیدروژن مورد معرفی و بحث قرار گرفته است. کاربرد این روشها می تواند بطور موثری در کاهش خوردگی و بوی حاصل از عملیات جمع آوری فاضلاب موثر بوده و هزینه های ناشی از خوردگی شبکه را به شدت کاهش دهد.

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Sustainability Assessment of Sewerage Infrastructure Projects: A Conceptual Framework

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- by Ali Alnoaimi
- •
- 13
  Business, Project Management, Sustainable Development, Life Cycle Assessment

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