Zero Energy Buildings

Bina iklimlendirme sistemlerinin binalarda tüketilen toplam enerji içerisinde önemli bir yeri vardır. Ülkemizin büyük bir bölümü coğrafi konumu itibarıyla sıcak sayılmayan bölgelerdedir. Ayrıca, bireysel soğutma uygulamaları hala çok yaygın değildir. Bu bakımdan, bireysel kullanımda iklimlendirme sistemleri içerisinde ısıtma sistemlerinin payı daha fazla olmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, bina ısıtma sistemleri enerji verimliliği açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada bina ısıtma sistemleriyle ilgili literatür araştırması ile Isıtma, Soğutma ve Havalandırma, Kojenerasyonlu Isıtma, Soğuk İklim Isı Pompası, Yakıt Pilleri Isıtma, Güneş Kollektörleri ile Isıtma, Fan Coil Ünitesi İ le Isıtma Sistemleri detaylı olarak tanıtılmış ve incelenmiştir.

The goal of this work is to evaluate and to give evidence to innovative and sustainable technologies applied in the construction industry to carry out self-sufficient energy and to use the surplus energy for the production of hydrogen vector. An architectural integration design along with high technological systems is performed. The intermittency of renewable energy sources along with climatic conditions dependency imposes to store the energy produced, since it is clean and having a big calorific value: the hydrogen vector is currently the better energy carrier. The energy to obtain hydrogen by dissociation of water is supplied by a photovoltaic (PV) system. Through the computations of the annual energy balance between building's demand and supply energy, it is shown that the extra energy produced by the solar generation system is used also for the hydrogen sustainable mobility. The renewable systems, model's design and case study are tackled for the bigger one of the Dodecanese islands in the South Aegean Sea: Rhodes (Rodos). The Zero energy building's integrative design-based approach, applied to the Hotel Buildings type industry is targeted to have new hotels buildings, in the Mediterranean typical warm climate, with zero energy consumption. The designers, authors of this work, have studied a real case or pilot project of an hotel, in the resort formula, suitable to the Greek landscape, showcasing technologies and innovations supporting environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, use of renewable energy, electricity storage by fuel cells that are tools particularly applicable to hotel facility [1]. The feasibility of this case study or pilot project is aligned jointly to the target of Zero Emission and Energy Efficiency EU Policy, as imposed by EU Directives. The strategic position of Rhodes in a geographical point full of sun and wind renewable energy power, enables to ensure the clean energy production , the current interesting development of the hydrogen as energy vector in the buildings [2] and also to satisfy the demand of tourists' accommodation by having at the same time zero energy costs. Moreover, the presence in the island of the best example worldwide of ancient and sustainable built environment (UNESCO World Heritage site), represents also the best motivation to give witness there of a zero impact environmental urban development through the adoption of these achieved scientific results for a major success of Zero Energy Buildings.

The goal of this work is to address a general framework of policies and actions for achieving a strategy for the energy transition, alligned to the future development fo the world under low emissions. For this reason we deal with the selection of the best program that a country could adopt to ensure its development at zero carbon footprint. An example coming from some important proposals of Italy country can contribute to help the politics of other european nations for the next years.
From the scale of a nation, we move our focus towards the scale of the buiding by harnessing the building’s energy refurbishment to witness that the household can decrease energy, wtihout using gas devices. The energy, in the form of clean energy, is supplied by a photovoltaic (PV) system and the energy demand is satisfied by electric heating pump. Through the computations of the annual energy balance between building’s demand and supply energy is shown how it is possible to gain money if an overall choice on the side of renewable energy sources is adopted.

Abstract BIM is not simply a drafting tool or advanced CAD. BIM is a collaboratively generated and maintained data-rich information source, especially when it comes to the energy-calculation process and beyond. Due to growing awareness around energy conservation, numerous projects and initiatives have occurred to promote the development of low- and net-zero-energy homes. The widespread adoption of photovoltaic rooftop systems has shown that solar homes can be a effective solution to that energy demand; nowadays, the idea that BIM is not just software has been decided upon. In this paper, a new approach was used to calculate energy consumption using a BIM template designed for this purpose. The greatest value derived from BIM was in the template designed to neutralize energy consumption by calculating the number of photovoltaic panels needed to achieve a net-zero-energy house. The BIM prototype developed is considered a useful tool, intended to be used by everyday, non-specialist users to aid and disseminate energy knowledge in order to achieve a zero-energy home, as well as to be used as a decision-support tool, incorporating energy simulation into the early design process of zero-energy buildings in architectural practice. Finally, the tool was tested on a group of users in order to fine-tune and develop the design parameters of the template.