beneficiary

CHAPTER 8 Economic Reforms, Growth, and Governance: The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladesh's Development Surprise Wahiduddin Mahmud, Sadiq Ahmed, and Sandeep Mahajan Bangladesh emerged from its war of independence desperately poor, overpopulated, and ...

Public Distribution System (PDS) has evolved as a system of managing scarcity through distribution of
food grains at affordable prices. In 2015, Aadhar enabled Public Distribution System (AePDS) made
linking AADHAR cards of the beneficiaries to the Ration Cards mandatory enabling the Fair Price Shops
to use biometrics to authenticate the beneficiaries improving efficiency and transparency of the system. The
study aims to access the application of AePDS at) w.r.t service provided to the beneficiaries, challenges
and benefits of the system; infrastructure adopted for efficient implementation for the process of grains
distribution in the context of Raigad District in Mumbai Metro Politian Region. A strategic framework and
scoring system were developed to assess the system based on literature studies, analysis of existing
scenario and structured stakeholder surveys conducted in the Raigad District. Hence, on the basis of the
responses scoring was done, reasons were noted and recommendations were given for the challenges.

Employment creation is a key area where the private sector can contribute to poverty reduction. The objectives of this study are to gain some general insights into the channels where the private sector contributes to job creation, value-added, and poverty reduction, and more specifically to quantify the impacts that can be attributed to International Finance Corporation's (IFC's) activities in Ghana. Unlike many African economies that depend heavily upon a single commodity, Ghana remains relatively well diversified between agriculture, industry, commodities, and services. Ghana's economy continues to revolve around agriculture, which employs 85 percent of the workforce but only contributes about 30 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The government and other stakeholders must continue to develop policies and programs that ensure productivity gains in the agricultural sector, but from a development point of view it is also crucial to create jobs in other sectors to e...

Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households, on the condition that those households make pre specified investments in the human capital of their children. The report shows that there is good evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people. Transfers generally have been well targeted to poor households, have raised consumption levels, and have reduced poverty, by a substantial amount in some countries. Offsetting adjustments that could have blunted the impact of transfers, such as reductions in the labor market participation of beneficiaries, have been relatively modest. The report also considers the rationale for conditioning the transfers on the use of specific health and education services by program beneficiaries. Thus CCTs have increased the likelihood that households will take their children for preventive health checkups, but that has not always led to better child nutritional status; school enrollment rates have in...

This study investigates an attempt to economically and socially empower some of the poorest and most vulnerable young women in one of the poorest and most fragile places in the world: northern Uganda. Investing in women is said to be a key to development. Educate her, buy her a cow or goat, or help her start a business and great things will follow: sustained increases in income, greater empowerment and social inclusion, health and education for the children, and (especially in war-affected regions) mental health and happiness. This report provides provisional answers to these questions based on data collected from April 2009 to August 2012. The questions will continue to be explored and analyzed in academic papers in future, but the authors attempt to draw out the key findings and policy lessons as close to the end of the intervention and data collection as possible.

EMU Enlargement: why flexibility matters, by Philipp Maier and Maarten Hendrikx. Gains from risk sharing in the EU, by Yuliya Demyanyk and Vadym Volosovych. Postponing Euro area expectations? by Tanel Ross. European accession and capacity building priorities, by John S. Wilson, Xubei Luo, and Harry G. Broadman. Internal labor mobility and regional labor market disparities, by Pierella Paci, Erwin Tiongson, Mateusz Walewski, Jacek Liwinski, and Maria Stoilkova. Latvian labor market before and after EU Accession, by Mihails Hazans. The impact of EU accession on Poland's economy, by Ewa Balcerowicz. Bulgaria's integration into the pan-European economy, by Bartlomiej Kaminski and Francis Ng. Forming preferences on European integration: the case of Slovakia, by Tim Haughton and Darina Malova. Insert: Whither Europe? Credit expansion in emerging Europe. The economic cost of smoking in Russia, by Michael Lokshin and Zurab Sajaia. Deregulating business in Russia, by Ekaterina Zhurav...

This report lays the groundwork for a safety net system that can address the needs of the poor in Cameroon. Cameroon does not have a coordinated system of safety nets; rather, small, isolated interventions which together do not address the needs. Moreover, food and fuel price subsidies which mainly benefit the rich cost around 2 percent of GDP/year. This is much more than the total safety net spending. There is a need for a social protection strategy and an effective safety net system to address chronic poverty and food insecurity in Cameroon. This strategy should identify risks and vulnerabilities so they can be addressed by appropriate programs. Investments in human capital and in geographic areas are most affected by poverty. Thus, the North and Far North should be priority.

Vietnam has made progress to improve oversight and control over cash balances for the state budget. The current arrangement however falls short of a treasury single account (TSA), which has led to inefficiencies in the management of cash balances and higher than necessary borrowing costs. In response to this, the Government of Vietnam has embarked on reforms to adopt a TSA and strengthen overall cash management. This policy note provides a review of progress in implementing a TSA system in Vietnam, the remaining challenges and obstacles, and how to overcome these for further TSA and cash management reforms. It is the product of ongoing discussions between the World Bank and the Ministry of Finance. Part A gives background and motivation; part B provides an overview of the state treasury system in Vietnam; part C reviews the progress in establishing a TSA, including against benchmarks of international good practice, and makes recommendations for priority next steps; and part D conclu...

This chapter, which will be published as part of a forthcoming volume, The Oxford Handbook on Fiduciary Law, argues that the common law of fiduciary obligation contains an anti-corruption norm, which broadly (albeit inconsistently) proscribes and remedies the use of an entrusted position for self-regarding gain. Part I begins with the conventional definition of public corruption, the use of public office for private gain, to derive a general definition of corruption that is applicable to both public and private sector contexts. Corruption is generally defined as the use of an entrusted position for self-regarding gain. Part II argues that courts have aimed to prevent corruption and invoked the anti-corruption norm in cases applying fiduciary law’s proscriptive rules, the no-conflict and no-profit rules, in various fiduciary contexts. These rules are generally grounded in the rationale that fiduciaries should avoid being tempted into using their positions to seek their own advantage. Part III argues that one of the main insights to be gained from understanding that fiduciary law contains an anti-corruption norm is that fiduciary law helps to preserve and promote the legitimacy of important social institutions. While this chapter principally relies on the prevailing “public-office-centered” definition of corruption, which is used by contemporary social scientists and which attempts to identify corrupt behavior, it shows how a broader, classical understanding of corruption, which emphasizes the moral decay and depravity of an individual’s character, has also informed fiduciary law.

The main focus of the social protection and labor portfolio is on strengthening client's institutional capacity in the design and implementation of programs, but projects are not well equipped to track progress in this area. Correspondingly, there is a need to strengthen approaches to measuring and monitoring a'missing middle'of service delivery, precisely those areas for which counterpart institutions are responsible

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The ...

Este artículo se centra en el estudio tipológico de las propiedades semánticas y sintácticas de los aplicativos benefactivos. Los aplicativos son afijos verbales que permiten codificar un argumento no subcategorizado por el verbo base como un argumento central del predicado. En este trabajo, pretendo demostrar que la aplicación no implica la transitivización del verbo o el aumento de su valencia, sino una regla de reescritura del Paciente. Con el fin de alcanzar una definición general de la aplicación, distinguiré entre dos tipos de aplicativos: los que modifican la valencia semántica del verbo base, por un lado, y los que tan sólo modifican la valencia sintáctica, por otro. En esta clasificación, seguiré algunas de las propuestas desarrolladas en Van Valin y LaPolla (1997) y Van Valin (2005), tales como los conceptos de transitividad semántica y sintáctica y la jerarquía de selección del Paciente.

Resumen Este artículo se centra en el estudio tipológico de las propiedades semánticas y sintácticas de los aplica-tivos benefactivos. Los aplicativos son afijos verbales que permiten codificar un argumento no subcategori-zado por el verbo base como un argumento central del ...

The Government of Kenya (GoK) has a number of well-established social insurance schemes and safety net programs, but their coverage has tended to be low and their effectiveness limited. The coverage of cash transfer programs has grown significantly but remains low in comparison with the size of the population in need. This assessment uses the draft guidance notes on Program-for-Results (PforR) operations prepared by the Operations Policy and Country Services (OPCS) department of the World Bank. The assessment reviews the fiduciary aspects of the government's national safety net program. According to this assessment, the strengths include: (i) sector-wide planning and budgeting through the Sector Working Groups (SWGs), the Medium-term Planning (MTP) framework, and the Medium-term Expenditure Framework (MTEF); (ii) increasing computerization through the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS); (iii) current efforts to develop and roll out a single registry linke...

Rising food and fuel prices may negatively impact human development in four dimensions: by increasing poverty; worsening nutrition; reducing the utilization of education and health services; and depleting the productive assets of the poor. Disinvestment by the poor in their human and physical capital will have large and lasting effects, which are well documented and quantified in the development literature. Early childhood malnutrition results in poorer health, lower cognitive abilities, less learning, and lower lifetime earnings. Children withdrawn from school in times of hardship rarely return to the classroom, and families can have great difficulty rebuilding the assets upon which their livelihoods are based. Thus, losses today may be irreversible. The impacts of increased food and fuel prices can be ameliorated if governments can provide a positive policy response-in the human development sectors, primarily through direct income transfers targeted to the poor, by reinforcing bas...