electric vehicle (EV)

This paper describes the history and evolution of technologies related to the whole electrical system of solar car [1]. The components are the solar cell, maximum power point tracker, boost converter, motor& Inverter and battery. In a solar car, it is difficult to arrange the solar cells on a flat vehicle surface, and solar cells with different incident angles and temperature is different in each cell. This is a problem when many solar cells with different characteristics are connected in series, and the improvement method will be described in detail. Next, we will explain the development of a boost converter using a GaN power device that can improve the overall running efficiency. We will also discuss the technological advances in motors & inverters and batteries over the last 30 years. The evolution of solar cars is largely due to the evolution of semiconductors, including solar cells, and material technologies, but at the same time, we will explain examples of these technologies being first demonstrated in solar car race and then socially implemented.

The deficiency in the availability of petroleum products has given rise to the incorporation of electric vehicles (EVs) globally as a substitute for the conventional transportation system. Significant research has been pursued over last two decades in the development of efficient EV charging methods. A preliminary review of few methods developed for wireless charging revealed that ICPT is a promising and convenient method for the wireless charging of EVs. This paper includes the equivalent circuit analysis and characteristics of the ICPT system and focuses on the research progress in respect of the designs for the charging coil, leakage inductance compensation topologies, power level enhancement and misalignment toleration. The improvement in these factors has been essential for the implementation of EV charging. A brief discussion over design process and control of ICPT system has been added. Conclusions have been made on the basis of the information extracted from the literature a...

Main function of car is to move from one place to another place. Most of the people use car in their daily life, but they face the problems like parking, taking U-turns etc... So here we have designed a 360 degree rotating car to eliminate this problem. This design will provide better comfort and also saves the time of customers.

The emergence of electromobility has generated three critical challenges for the markets, the industrial processes and the business models of the traditional automotive industry. More specifically, it discussed issues regarding innovation and service transition, issues regarding grid-integration and service-aggregator actions, and lastly issues regarding supportive public policies (Donada and Perez, 2015). How have these challenges evolved one year later, a year during which this new electromobility industry has been booming? This special edition presents five emblematic researches on the issues raised during the sessions of this 2014 conference.

With the increase in the number of electric vehicles, requirement of the electric vehicle battery chargers (EV) are increased too. The EV battery chargers have many features which should be examined for optimization operation. The charging time and bad impacts of EV battery chargers to grid are two of that features. The EV chargers should optimized in terms of different aspects for optimal results on grid and vehicle sides. This article aims to minimizing the EV battery charging time and minimizing the bad impacts of EV chargers to grid. Solution advices were presented for optimal results in this article. Also benefits and barriers of optimization of the EV battery chargers were explained.

Using electric vehicles as transmission system operator reserve providing units has been demonstrated as being both a feasible and a profitable solution. However, the surveys leading to these conclusions are always conducted either without considering the transmission system operator market rules, or using the existing ones from the local system operator. Nevertheless, such rules have potentially a great impact on the electric vehicles' expected revenues, and they are likely to change within the next few years. This paper aims to assess how these rules impact the ability for electric vehicles to provide power reserves and on their expected remuneration for doing so. First, a list of the most important market rules for this use case is drawn up. Then, a simulation model is developed in order to evaluate the expected revenues for the electric vehicles. Finally, these expected revenues are computed considering various combinations of rules. A loss of revenue for electric vehicles is identified, due to the use of non-optimal rules governing grid services remuneration. Considering the French case, according to the simulation results, this financial shortfall per vehicle and per year ranges from 193 V to 593 V. Market design recommendations for reserve markets are deduced from these results.

This paper presents the design and simulation of 3-phase double layer coil BLDC motor for Hybrid (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) using ANSYS software. Two 15 kW brushless dc machines (BLDC) which is located inside the rim of the wheels (hub drive system) are designed to produce rated torque and power to drive Electric Vehicles. Two configuration of BLDC motor based on different number of slots and poles combination are simulated and compared for producing optimum rated torque. 2D FE static magnetic analysis is carried out using ANSYS/Emag. Distribution of electromagnetic field in BLDC motor is also analyzed using ANSYS/Emag.

The scarcity of fossil fuel and the increased pollution leads to the use of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) instead of conventional Internal Combustion (IC) engine vehicles. In EVs and HEVs, a battery is used as the main power source, so that battery charger is treated as the core technology. Battery charger based on a unidirectional non-isolated boost power factor correction (PFC) converter for electric vehicles (EV) is introduced here. This non-isolated high gain boost PFC converter automatically balances the output voltages for an unbalanced load without the need for any additional control strategy or auxiliary circuit. For EV charging application one of the important factors is that the battery chargers should consume sinusoidal current with controlled power factor for contribute to the power quality in the future Smart Grids and high voltage gain for charging the battery. This converter can improve the power quality and can control the output voltage according to the demand of the battery. Due to these advantages, it can be used for electric vehicle charging application. Fuzzy control has been used for switching pulse generation in the converter. The topology has been simulated in MATLAB2014a and the various waveforms were analyzed. The control circuit was implemented using dsPIC30F2010. An experimental prototype of the converter was setup and the results were verified.

This paper describes the history and evolution of technologies related to the whole electrical system of solar car [1]. The components are the solar cell, maximum power point tracker, boost converter, motor& Inverter and battery. In a solar car, it is difficult to arrange the solar cells on a flat vehicle surface, and solar cells with different incident angles and temperature is different in each cell. This is a problem when many solar cells with different characteristics are connected in series, and the improvement method will be described in detail. Next, we will explain the development of a boost converter using a GaN power device that can improve the overall running efficiency. We will also discuss the technological advances in motors & inverters and batteries over the last 30 years. The evolution of solar cars is largely due to the evolution of semiconductors, including solar cells, and material technologies, but at the same time, we will explain examples of these technologies ...

Parameters of powertrain system directly affect the dynamic performance and economy of electric vehicles (EVs). In order to further explore the impact of the structure of powertrain system on vehicle performance, the parameters of driving motor and automatic transmission are calculated based on the performance requirements of the target vehicle. Gear ratios of transmissions with fixed ratio gearbox and two-speed gearbox are optimized respectively. The EVs with two transmission schemes are simulated under three driving cycles using the optimized gear ratios. The simulation results show that both transmissions can satisfy the requirement of vehicle power performance, while the economy of EV with two-speed gearbox is better than that of EV with fixed ratio gearbox.

This gives basic details about my exciting venture into owning an EV. The original purpose was to find a way to work with Australian Law, take care of the environment and still be able to wander: 1. as a homeless monk to spread, what I believe is the liberating message of the Buddha (not Buddhism of any kind) and 2. as a WWOOFer (Willing Worker On Organic Farms) to learn more about living sustainably and maybe help others to do so.

The lithium ion polymer batteries are quickly emerging as the preferred electrical energy storage technology and generally used in portable electronics products such as notebook computers, tablets, smart phones and so on. Besides, this technology also
attracts worldwide attention in transportation application including the electric vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more appealing options over combustion engine
based vehicles, due to ever rising fuel prices and growing environmental concerns. Demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing, and lithium ion polymer batteries with increased ranges will be critical to increase the marketability and important step in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the current electric vehicles (EVs) are a temporary solution to create more zero emission when run on the road. In additional, the temperatures of lithium ion polymer batteries play an important role in determining the performance of an electric vehicle (EV). It also directly affects the vehicle dynamic performance, reliability, long term durability and safety. From the review, I found that
the battery should operate within a temperature range to achieve desired performance and calendar life. All electrochemical batteries are strongly linked to their thermal state. The electrical characteristics are strongly dependent on temperature while the thermal state is a result of both their environmental temperature, but also the electrical usage due to internal heat generation. This is because higher or lower than normal temperature
might affect the performance, charging and discharging rate, battery lifespan, battery capacity and maintenance requirements. In general, a battery in a cool location has a longer lifespan than in a warm location. Therefore a solution needs to be solved to
maximizing the COP of the battery management. In this paper a brief review of related current literature on electric vehicles (EVs), lithium ion polymer batteries, and ambient temperature conditions are provided. This paper also concludes with direction for future
research.

Using electric vehicles (EV) as TSO reserve providing units has been demonstrated as being both a feasible and a profitable solution. However, the surveys leading to these conclusions are always conducted either without considering the TSO market rules, or using the local TSO existing ones. We find that TSO rules potentially have a great impact on the expected revenues, and are likely to change within the next few years. Thus, this paper aims at assessing the impacts of the implemented TSO rules on the ability for EVs to provide TSO reserves and on their expected remuneration by doing so. First, we draw a list of the most important TSO rules for this use case. Then, we develop a simulation model in order to evaluate the expected revenues for the EVs. Finally, we compute these expected revenues considering various combinations of TSO rules. By doing so, we identify a missing money issue for EVs due to the use of non-optimal rules towards ancillary services remuneration. Considering the French case, according to our simulation results, this missing money per EV and per year ranges from 193e to 593e.

This paper confers an investigation of a space vector modulation based control strategy of induction motor using a three-level inverter for electric vehicle application. The proposed controller uses a simple v/f control with a novel SVPWM technique. A new method for region selection of SVPWM for a multilevel inverter is implemented for the closed-loop system. Previously the region selection procedure was not considered by most of the researcher in the literature for developing the PWM algorithm. This approach is based on some algebraic equations. The remarkable point here is that it is identical to all the remaining sectors. Hence calculation complexity reduces by making it a simpler implementation. This method can be applied to any number of levels. The potency of the proposed controller is validated through the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The performance of the overall system is inspected through transient and steady-state analysis. The neutral point balance of the 3L NPC inverter is established by adopting proper switching sequences.

Today entire world is witnessing the root causes of global warming and greenhouse gas effects. The problem has been raised because of excessive use of fossil fuel in energy generation as well as in transportation sector. But over the last two decades the contribution of renewable energy sources increases vary rapidly and new energy sources like electric vehicle to grid becoming more popular. The various algorisms are used to achieve the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) without violating constraints. In this paper an improved guided Artificial Bee Colony (IABC) is used to solve the objective function for minimization of fuel cost and emission in presence of conventional thermal power and wind power, PV system and Electric Hybrid Vehicles (EVs). The results are tested on modified IEEE 30 bus test system and compared with results of available published paper.

This paper describes the history and evolution of technologies related to the whole electrical system of solar
car [1]. The components are the solar cell, maximum power point tracker, boost converter, motor& Inverter and battery.
In a solar car, it is difficult to arrange the solar cells on a flat vehicle surface, and solar cells with different incident angles
and temperature is different in each cell. This is a problem when many solar cells with different characteristics are
connected in series, and the improvement method will be described in detail. Next, we will explain the development of a
boost converter using a GaN power device that can improve the overall running efficiency. We will also discuss the
technological advances in motors & inverters and batteries over the last 30 years. The evolution of solar cars is largely
due to the evolution of semiconductors, including solar cells, and material technologies, but at the same time, we will
explain examples of these technologies being first demonstrated in solar car race and then socially implemented.

Today entire world is witnessing the root causes of global warming and greenhouse gas effects. The problem has been raised because of excessive use of fossil fuel in energy generation as well as in transportation sector. But over the last two decades the contribution of renewable energy sources increases vary rapidly and new energy sources like electric vehicle to grid becoming more popular. The various algorisms are used to achieve the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) without violating constraints. In this paper an improved guided Artificial Bee Colony (IABC) is used to solve the objective function for minimization of fuel cost and emission in presence of conventional thermal power and wind power, PV system and Electric Hybrid Vehicles (EVs). The results are tested on modified IEEE 30 bus test system and compared with results of available published paper.