estrone

Summary.  Background: The metabolism of estrogen contained within hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is influenced by the route of administration, and this may affect the risk of venous thromboembolism. Thrombin generation, a global coagulation assay, is a marker of hypercoagulability and is of potential use in determining the thrombotic risk associated with particular HRT administration routes. Objectives: To determine whether any effect of oral and transdermal HRT on thrombin generation is related to the plasma estrogen profile. Methods: We investigated the effects of oral, transdermal and no HRT (controls) in 52, 39 and 52 postmenopausal women, respectively, on thrombin generation, standard markers of thrombophilia, estradiol level and estrone level. Results: All parameters of thrombin generation were altered in women using oral HRT as compared with controls (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). No such differences were found in women using transdermal HRT. Estrone levels correlated with peak thrombin generation (R = 0.451, P < 0.001) in women using oral HRT, but there was no correlation in women using the transdermal route. Conclusions: Thrombin generation is significantly increased in women who use HRT administered by the oral route. This is probably mediated by the hepatic first-pass metabolism of estrone, the main metabolite of oral estradiol, which is avoided by the transdermal route. The effect of estrone on thrombin generation may provide the explanation for the higher thrombotic risk seen in women using oral rather than transdermal HRT.

Previous studies have shown that women with higher maternal tendencies are shorter and have lower testosterone levels than those with lower maternal tendencies. Here we report two studies that investigated the relationships between maternal tendencies and two further measures of physical masculinization/feminization; urinary estrogen metabolite (estrone-3-glucuronide: E1-3G) levels (Study 1) and rated facial femininity (Study 2). In Study 1, nulliparous women reported both their ideal number of children and ideal own age at first child and also provided urine samples. There was a significant positive correlation between measured late-follicular estrogen levels and reported ideal number of children. In Study 2, analyses of facial cues in two independent samples of women showed that the average facial characteristics of women who reported desiring many children were rated as more feminine than those desiring fewer children. Collectively, these results support the proposal that maternal tendencies are related to physical feminization and that this effect may, at least in part, reflect the influence of the hormone estrogen.

Background: Monitoring of reproductive steroid hormones at the population level requires frequent measurements, hormones or metabolites that remain stable under less than ideal collection and storage conditions, a long-term supply of antibodies, and assays useful for a range of populations. We developed enzyme immunoassays for urinary pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (PDG) and estrone conjugates (E1Cs) that meet these criteria. Methods: Enzyme immunoassays based on monoclonal antibodies were evaluated for specificity, detection limit, parallelism, recovery, and imprecision. Paired urine and serum specimens were analyzed throughout menstrual cycles of 30 US women. Assay application in different populations was examined with 23 US and 42 Bangladeshi specimens. Metabolite stability in urine was evaluated for 0–8 days at room temperature and for 0–10 freeze-thaw cycles. Results: Recoveries were 108% for the PDG assay and 105% for the E1C assay. Serially diluted specimens exhibited parallelism...

Abstract. Day-of-admission sera from myocardial infarction patients (MI) and patients with cardiopathies other than MI (non-MI) were analysed for total and unbound Cortisol (F), progesterone (P4), oestrone (E1), and corticosteroid binding activities (CBG).The MI who survived (n= 28) showed high increases of F, P4 and E1 compared to healthy controls. By contrast, the MI who died within 10 days of admission (n= 6) had unchanged F and less increased P4 and E1 than survivors. The non-MI (n= 6) had higher F and E1 than controls but normal P4.The unbound steroids were increased in all patients: however, the MI who died showed much smaller rises than survivors (P< 0±001 for unbound F and E1 increases in survivors vs. deceased).The CBG activity was in all MI lower than in normals (P<0±001) but unchanged in non-MI.These results are discussed in terms of the potential significance of unbound plasma steroids as predictors of MI severity.

Menstrual cycle hormone patterns in women approaching menopause are inadequately studied. To describe day-to-day menstrual cycle hormones in women as they approach menopause from the Study of Women&#39;s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Daily Hormone Study (DHS). DHS enrollees collected daily urine for one entire menstrual cycle or up to 50 days, whichever came first, annually, up to the final menstrual period (FMP) or for up to 10 years. 7 sites across the US. 511 premenopausal or early perimenopausal women at enrollment, within 10 years before menopause. time-to-FMP measurement. Evidence of luteal activity (ELA), determined using objective algorithms. Menstrual cycle/segment length; whole cycle and segment integrated urinary LH, FSH, estrone conjugates (E1c) and pregnanediol glucuronide (Pdg) for each year, organized around the FMP. Mean menstrual cycle length was remarkably preserved at 26-27 days in ELA cycles; non-ELA cycles had greater variability. The % cycles that were ELA re...