The first granule neurons in the dentate gyrus are born during late embryogenesis in the rodent, and the primary period of granule cell neurogenesis continues into the second postnatal week. On the day of birth in the rat, the oldest... more
The first granule neurons in the dentate gyrus are born during late embryogenesis in the rodent, and the primary period of granule cell neurogenesis continues into the second postnatal week. On the day of birth in the rat, the oldest granule neurons are visible in the suprapyramidal blade and exhibit rudimentary dendrites extending into the molecular layer. Here we describe
The Acanthocephala represents a group of worms parasitic in gastrointestinal tract of all vertebrate groups especially in fish and birds. Acathocephalan of genus Pallisentis are intestinal parasites of fresh water fish. Subfamily... more
The Acanthocephala represents a group of worms parasitic in gastrointestinal tract of all vertebrate groups especially in fish and birds. Acathocephalan of genus Pallisentis are intestinal parasites of fresh water fish. Subfamily Pallisentinae of order Gyracanthocephala includes four genera namely Acanthosentis Verma & Datta, 1929; Acanthogyrus Thaper, 1927; Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928, and Raosentis Datta, 1947. Van Cleave (1928) established the genus Pallisentis with P. umbellatus as its type species. Pallisentis differs from all the above genera in having proboscis armed with 4 circles of 6-10 hooks each and presence of collar of spines arranged in 6-14 closely set rings near anterior extremity; posterior to this collar of spines is an unspined zone which is followed by widely spaced rings of spines.
Stipule (Latin stipula = straw, stalk, a term coined by Linnaeus refers to the outgrowth borne on either side (sometimes just one) of the base of the leaf stalk (petiole). A pair of stipules is considered part of the anatomy of leaf of a... more
Stipule (Latin stipula = straw, stalk, a term coined by Linnaeus refers to the outgrowth borne on either side (sometimes just one) of the base of the leaf stalk (petiole). A pair of stipules is considered part of the anatomy of leaf of a typical flowering plant – morphologically variable (CED, 1994). Phyu Phyu San and Yi Yi Han (2003) have studied morphological and anatomical characteristics of some species of Capparidaceae but anatomy of stipular spine has not been undertaken by them. To study stipular spine, the Twigs of Capparis cartilaginea Decaisne were collected from the plant growing in the rock fissures in coastal area of Paradise point, Karachi. The twigs were preserved in formalin. The anatomy of stipular spine was studied microscopically by preparing transverse sections of the materials. The stipular spines of Capparis cartilaginea are two at each stem node on either side of leaf. They are hard, rigid, and orange brown in colour and curved and pointed at the apex and thicker at the base. One surface of the spine is concave. If the scheme of spine geometry of Gallenmüller et al. (2015) is followed (See Fig. 2 for explanation), the spines were c 0.6-0.7 cm in height. The vertex point (V) of the curvature lies around 0.3-0.35 cm above the spine base. The base of spine (L) is lesser than the height of the spine and width of the spine base (W) is somewhat smaller than the one-third of the L. These spines are considered to be a xerophytic character which also prevent herbivory due to their hardiness and piercing shape.
'Jews' Stone'(Lapis Judaicus) is the name given to the spines of certain cidaroid echinoids, especially Balanocidaris. Used extensively as a prophylactic and treatment for various common and painful... more
'Jews' Stone'(Lapis Judaicus) is the name given to the spines of certain cidaroid echinoids, especially Balanocidaris. Used extensively as a prophylactic and treatment for various common and painful urinary disorders, particularly bladder stones, kidney stones and dysurea, it has a long folklore pedigree extending from classical times, especially in the Mediterranean area. The medicinal application of the Jews' stone was determined by its shape, using the principle of sympathetic magic. Either sucked or powdered and mixed ...
Diadenia africanum sp. nov. Rodríguez et al. 2013 occurs in the eastern Atlantic Ocean at depths of 1-80 meters off Ma- deira Islands, Salvage Islands, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Sâo Tome Islands and at the continental coast off... more
Diadenia africanum sp. nov. Rodríguez et al. 2013 occurs in the eastern Atlantic Ocean at depths of 1-80 meters off Ma- deira Islands, Salvage Islands, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Sâo Tome Islands and at the continental coast off Sen- egal and Ghana. This species was previously considered an eastern Atlantic population of D. antillarum. Genetic distances between the holotype of D. africanum and the neotype of D. antillarun herein designated, measured 3.34% in Cytochrome oxidase I, 3.80% in ATPase-8 and 2.31% in ATPase-6. Such divergence is similar to that already highlighted between other accepted species of Diadena. Morphometric analysis of test, spine and pedicellarial characters also separated D. africanum from D. antillartn and reveals that this new species is morphologically similar to D. antillarum ascensionis from the mid Atlantic. The tridentate pedicellariae, which have been shown to have diagnostic characters which discriminate among species of Diadema, occur as bo...
