Eating for Two: The Complete Guide to Nutrition During Pregnancy and Beyond
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About this ebook
You’ve spent your whole life trying to eat right—and it’s never mattered more than it does now.
Every mom-to-be wants to know how to manage nutritional needs, cravings, and vitamin supplements to create a safe and balanced diet for herself and her baby. Now, for the first time, child nutrition authority Annabel Karmel brings her knowledge and expertise to expectant mothers, guiding you through each stage of your pregnancy, and offering practical tips and advice on what to eat and what to avoid. From foods that promote conception and ways to avoid morning sickness, to the best eating habits to combat sleeplessness, amnesia, and heartburn, Annabel leads you through your pregnancy and beyond—even suggesting meals to make ahead and freeze for when your little one arrives! With Annabel’s specialized advice and more than ninety simple, fabulous recipes, Eating for Two will give you the tools and confidence you need to eat the best possible diet for you and your growing baby.
Annabel Karmel
ANNABEL KARMEL is the mother of three children and the UK's leading expert on feeding children. She works with leading US parenting websites such as Parents.com and has appeared on many TV shows, including Today show and The View. She created a popular app, Annabel's Essential Guide to Feeding Your Baby & Toddler.
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Eating for Two - Annabel Karmel
Contents
1: Good Nutrition: The Building Blocks for Your Baby
2: The First Trimester
Breakfasts
Banana Bread
Cinnamon Almond Granola
Apple and Hazelnut Bircher Muesli
Deviled Mushrooms
Multigrain Pancakes
Red Fruit Breakfast Smoothie
Grilled Tomato and Cheese
Quick Breakfast Burrito
Breakfast Burrito
Chicken
Chicken with Wild Mushroom and Red Pepper Sauce
Chicken and Mushroom Pasta Bake
Chicken Tagine
Quick Creamy Chicken Curry
Yakitori Chicken Kebabs with Noodles
Sticky Chicken Thighs
Tasty Chicken and Potato Pie
Thai Chicken with Butternut Squash
Chicken Satay
Chicken Salad with Pears, Arugula, and Grilled Zucchini
Marinated Chicken Breasts with Soy-Orange Sauce
Chicken Quesadilla
Chicken Laksa
3: The Second Trimester
Meat
Beef Tagine
Minute Steaks with Onion and Thyme Gravy
Tender Beef Stir-Fry
Hungarian Goulash
Beef Stroganoff
Annabel’s Hamburgers
Filet Mignon with Wild Mushroom and Tarragon Sauce
Beef Fajitas
Meatballs in a Tagine Sauce
Roast Rack of Lamb with Tomato–and–Basil Beans
Lamb Kofta Kebabs
Fish
Annabel’s Favorite Fish Pie
Branzino Fillets with Sliced Potatoes and Thyme
Red Snapper with Tomato Relish
Fillets of Sole with Spinach
Roast Cod with Roasted Red Pepper and Tomato Sauce
Cod with Tomato and Caper Sauce
Sticky Tuna and Fine Noodles
Haddock Florentine
Salmon and Rice Salad
Tuna Orzo Salad
Salmon Fish Cakes
Salmon Fillets With Tomato Salsa
Salmon Salad
Penne with Tuna, Tomato, and Red Onion
Salmon and Pea Kedgeree
Tuna and Caper Fish Cakes
Gray Sole Goujons with Tartar Sauce
Branzino with Ginger and Scallions
New-style Fish and Chips
4: The Third Trimester
Vegetables
Quinoa Salad
Vichyssoise
Chilled Tomato Soup
Edamame Rice Salad
Gazpacho
Vegetable Fusilli
Tasty lentil Pie
Fusilli with Spinach and Lemon
Mildly Spiced Lentil and Squash Soup
Colorful Tabbouleh
Butternut and Pea Risotto
Quick Vegetarian Lasagna
Pasta with Roasted Vegetables, Balsamic Vinegar, and Basil
Roasted Squash Salad with Pumpkin Seeds
Snacks
Infused Ginger and Lemon Tea
Mango and Banana Smoothie
Berry Banana Smoothie
Carrot and Raisin Muffins
Honey and Soy Toasted Seeds
Glazed Pecans and Pumpkin Seeds
Chicken Quesadillas with Caramelized Onion
Mushroom and Gruyère Quesadilla
Ham and Honey Mustard Quesadilla
Pastrami, Dill Pickle, and Tomato Wrap
Mango, Chicken, and Arugula Wrap
Red Pepper Hummus
English Muffin Pizzas
Salad of Green Beans, Pecans, and Tomatoes With Soy and Balsamic Dressing
5: And Then There Were Two
Desserts
Raspberry and Blackberry Crumble
Chocolate and Prune Brownies
Lemon Soufflé Pudding
Brûlée-Style Strawberry Dessert
Tiramisù
Lemon Granita
Raisin and Oat Cookies
Ruby Fruit Salad
Peach and Plum Compote
Fruity Cranberry Gelatin
Coffee and Walnut Cake
Lemon Cheesecake
Acknowledgments
About Annabel Karmel
Index
1: Good Nutrition: The Building Blocks for Your Baby
Why good nutrition is crucial during pregnancy
Welcome to the most amazing time of your life. Your body is beginning a fantastic roller-coaster ride, and while the ups and downs of pregnancy may be a mix of the joyful, the amusing, and even the downright unpleasant, this is a journey that will remain with you forever. Good nutrition has a huge influence on pregnancy, both for mom and for baby. It’s one of the first gifts we can give our child.
We all want the best for our babies, and eating a balanced and nutritious diet during pregnancy helps to give them an optimal start in life in a number of different ways. A steady supply of vitamins, minerals, protein, and other nutrients is crucial to an unborn baby’s development. It allows the mother to form a healthy placenta, the baby’s lifeline from the outside world. A healthy diet also allows the baby to lay down stores of nutrients, such as iron, that will be necessary during the first months of life outside the uterus.
We often focus so much on babies that we forget the importance of these nutrients for mom; they’re essential to support changes such as the growth of the placenta and uterus. At the end of pregnancy, it is essential for the body to be well nourished to cope with the demands of labor and breast-feeding.
One great advantage of a healthy diet is that it allows both mother and baby to gain a healthy amount of weight. This has benefits both during pregnancy and the birth, as well as when mother and baby begin their new life together, and beyond.
Giving your baby the best start in life begins now, whether you are planning to become pregnant, have just found out the happy news, or have a bump well on the way. Start with First priorities,
below, then read on to find out about foods to focus on, how to tackle nutritional problems, and delicious recipes tailored to each trimester.
First priorities
If you’re like most new moms-to-be, your brain probably started racing as soon as you found out you were pregnant. Trying to process myriad thoughts, from baby names to the birth, can make it difficult to remember what to do first. So here’s a list of the very first actions to take to benefit both your health and that of your baby. None of these actions is difficult to carry out, and the sooner you start, the sooner you’ll be putting your own and your baby’s well-being at the top of your priority list.
Start taking folic acid and vitamin D
While there’s a lot of information on vitamins and minerals in this book, the first ones to think about, as early as possible in your pregnancy or even beforehand, are folic acid and vitamin D. Taking supplements of folic acid, a B vitamin, has been shown to reduce the risk of the unborn baby’s developing spina bifida and other neural tube defects (types of malformation in the baby’s spinal cord). Start taking 400 mcg (micrograms) of folic acid daily from before conception or as early as possible in the pregnancy, and continue until the end of the first trimester. The recommendation is higher—5,000 mcg (5 mg) of folic acid per day—if you have had a previous pregnancy or are yourself affected by a neural tube defect, are taking epilepsy medication, or have diabetes, celiac disease, thalassemia, or sickle-cell anemia; speak to your ob-gyn for further advice. Also, try to eat some foods rich in folic acid every day. These include breakfast cereals with added folic acid, yeast extract, oranges and orange juice, and green leafy vegetables.
Recent studies have shown that more people have low vitamin D levels than was previously thought. While foods such as fortified margarines, oil-rich fish, and eggs contain some vitamin D, the main source is the action of strong sunlight on the skin. Because this also carries risks, keep to moderate sun exposure (you don’t need to sunbathe) and take a daily supplement of 10 mcg of vitamin D during your pregnancy and if and when you are breast-feeding.
You can read more about folic acid and vitamin D later in this chapter.
Think before you drink
Authorities are divided on whether it’s safe to drink a small amount of alcohol while you’re pregnant or whether to avoid even the tiniest amount. The current advice from the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) and the United States Surgeon General is not to drink alcohol at all while pregnant. If you do, keep it to a small occasional drink, and only after the first trimester. Your baby is most vulnerable during the first trimester when crucial development is taking place. Read more about drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
Think before you eat
By reading this book, you’ll gain a wealth of information on feeding yourself (and therefore also your baby) as well as possible during your pregnancy. If you think before you eat, you can focus on foods that provide essential protein, vitamins, and other nutrients, which are the building blocks for your developing baby. You can also avoid eating too many empty calories
—foods that are high in calories from fat or sugar, but not high in nutrients. This helps to prevent too much weight gain, which can cause problems for both you and your baby. Lastly, thinking about what you eat, and how it’s prepared and stored, can help to minimize the risk of food poisoning and other food-related issues during pregnancy.
Dodge the smoke
It goes without saying that if cigarette smoke is unhealthy for us, it will be unhealthy for our unborn babies. Research has found that smoking during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of problems, ranging from babies being born early to miscarriage. If you are a smoker, speak to your obgyn about strategies to help you cut down or quit. This may even reduce your morning sickness. If you are not a smoker, be aware of secondhand smoke, which is also related to problems such as lower birth weight for babies.
Review your pills and potions
It’s easy to continue to take your usual medications or supplements when you become pregnant, just out of habit. However, this is not a time to take any nonessential pills or potions, even nutritional supplements or herbal remedies. Essential medications should also be reviewed for safety during pregnancy and possible alternatives prescribed. Whether prescription or over-the-counter, discuss all your medication needs with your pharmacist or ob-gyn.
How much weight should I gain?
Gaining an appropriate amount of weight is critical during pregnancy. The weight of the baby is about 7 to 8 pounds, but you are also gaining a placenta through which to pass nutrients to your baby, the amniotic fluid he is swimming in, larger breasts, and so on. You might think it would take a huge amount of extra calories to achieve all this, but actually it’s more a case of quality rather than quantity. You are most certainly eating for two
because there are now two of you whose well-being is dependent on what you eat, and because pregnancy increases your requirement for a host of nutrients. However, you actually don’t require extra calories until the last trimester of pregnancy, and even then it’s quite a small increase.
There are risks associated with gaining too much weight—these include a higher chance of having a larger baby and a more difficult labor. The risks can be long term; research has found that mothers who gain more weight than recommended during pregnancy are more likely to be overweight many years later. On the other side of the coin, gaining too little weight during pregnancy may increase the risk of having a smaller baby and a premature birth.
Amazing as it may seem, there’s also increasing concern among some scientists that the quality of a pregnant woman’s diet, as well as the amount of weight gain during pregnancy, could affect her child’s health many years, even many decades, later. For example, babies receiving very poor nutrition during the pregnancy, or being born with a low birth weight and then growing quickly to catch up,
seem to be at increased risk of being overweight or developing heart disease as an adult. Babies born with a high birth weight also have an increased risk of being overweight, both as children and as adults.
While British authorities don’t issue an actual guideline on weight gain, they suggest that the usual weight gain during pregnancy is about 22 to 28 pounds, with most of this gained after twenty weeks. In the United States and Canada, health authorities do have more detailed guidelines: For women who begin their pregnancy within their healthy weight range, they recommend a weight gain of 25 to 35 pounds. This is made up of 2.2 to 4.4 pounds total weight gain during the first trimester, and about 1 pound on average per week after that.
This changes if you are over- or underweight to start with. For moms-to-be who are below the healthy weight range when they become pregnant, the guideline is to gain