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Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases: Volume II

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 8192

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Prof. Dr. Jiaxu Hong

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Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
Interests: ocular surface disease; gene editing; viral disease; dry eye; allergic disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Jin Yuan

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Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
Interests: ocular surface diseases; ophthalmic imaging equipment and AI analysis
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Prof. Dr. Xiuming Jin

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Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
Interests: ocular surface diseases; cornea infection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ocular surface disease is a common disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by eye discomfort, visual impairment, and ocular surface damage, depending on its severity. Given that ocular surface disease reduces the quality of life and health of patients, translational and clinical studies in the field of ophthalmology have been performed to elucidate its new diagnostic techniques and new treatment methods, such as artificial intelligence, imaging technology, and gene therapy.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to highlight novel research findings on ocular surface disease, including pathophysiological mechanisms based on clinical investigations, diagnostic techniques, and the latest treatment methods. In so doing, we aim to reveal the gray areas for future research on ocular surface disease. We welcome submissions of original research and review articles. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

Incidence and pathogenic factors of ocular surface disease.
Pathogenesis of ocular surface disease.
New diagnostic techniques for ocular surface disease.
New progress in the treatment of ocular surface disease.

Prof. Dr. Jiaxu Hong
Prof. Dr. Jin Yuan
Prof. Dr. Xiuming Jin
Guest Editors

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Keywords

ocular surface
clinical trial
dry eye
corneal disease
conjunctival disease
diagnosis
therapeutics

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 937 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Face Mask and Tear Film Stability: A Pilot Study of the Objective Measurement of Tear Break-Up Time

by Karim Mohamed-Noriega, David E. Charles-Cantu, Jibran Mohamed-Noriega, Braulio H. Velasco-Sepúlveda, Fernando Morales-Wong, Gerardo Villarreal-Méndez and Jesús Mohamed-Hamsho

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(24), 7727; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12247727 - 16 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1528

Abstract

(1) Background: Mask-associated dry eye (MADE) has been associated with increased dry eye symptoms, apparently due to reduced tear break-up time (TBUT). This study aimed to determine the short-term impact of surgical face mask (FM) on tear film stability by measuring non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT). (2) Methods: Twenty-six healthy participants had NIBUT evaluated without FM, with surgical FM and with a surgical FM secured to the skin with adhesive tape (TFM). NIBUT-first was measured with Keratograph 5M (K5M, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Each participant had NIBUT measured in four sessions on four consecutive days. Session 1: without FM vs. with FM. Session 2: with FM vs. without FM. Session 3: without FM vs. with TFM. Session 4: with TFM vs. without FM (3). The time between each measured setting was 2 min. Results: The mean ± SD NIBUT without FM was 8.9 ± 3.7, with FM 10.2 ± 4.1, and with TFM 8.4 ± 3.8 s. No significant differences were observed in NIBUT in any of the evaluated settings: without FM vs. with FM (p = 0.247), without FM vs. with TFM (p = 0.915), and with FM vs. with TFM (p = 0.11). (4) Conclusions: This study did not find a significant short-term effect of FM on NIBUT. Other variables or longer periods of exposure might trigger the symptoms and ocular surface alterations in MADE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases: Volume II)

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11 pages, 1304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Plasma Eyedrops for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Dry Eye Disease Patients

by Joy Wong, Gayathri Govindasamy, Arun Prasath, William Hwang, Aloysius Ho, Sharon Yeo and Louis Tong

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(21), 6750; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216750 - 25 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1517

Abstract

Background: Dry eye disease is a significant disease in Singapore. While there have been studies using allogenic cord serum for the treatment of dry eye disease, treatment of dry eyes with allogenic umbilical cord plasma drops has yet to be started in Singapore. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of umbilical cord plasma eyedrops for the treatment of recalcitrant dry eyes in a local Singaporean context. Methods: This is an observational, longitudinal, interventional study for dry eye patients who did not show clear improvement after standard therapy. Patients were recruited from 2020 to 2023 from the dry eye clinic of the Singapore National Eye Center. Umbilical cord plasma was delivered frozen to patients and stored in home freezers. All participants underwent a standardized clinical evaluation for dry eye, and data were collected. Results: There were 40 participants (7 males and 33 females). The duration of follow-up was 5.52 ± 1.57 months. Kerato-epitheliopathy staining score, TBUT (tear breakup time), and SPEED (Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Questionnaire) scores significantly improved after treatment. No statistically significant improvement was found in terms of visual acuity, according to Schirmer’s score. Conclusion: Cord plasma eye drops significantly improved kerato-epitheliopathy staining scores in recalcitrant dry eye patients. Allogeneic plasma is a promising form of treatment for recalcitrant dry eye. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases: Volume II)

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14 pages, 2763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Usability Study of a Point of Care mHealth App for Early Dry Eye Screening and Detection

by Sydney Zhang and Julio Echegoyen

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6479; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206479 - 12 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2018

Abstract

Significantly increased eye blink rate and partial blinks have been well documented in patients with dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial eye disorder with few effective methods for clinical diagnosis. In this study, a point of care mHealth App named “EyeScore” was developed, utilizing blink rate and patterns as early clinical biomarkers for DED. EyeScore utilizes an iPhone for a 1-min in-app recording of eyelid movements. The use of facial landmarks, eye aspect ratio (EAR) and derivatives enabled a comprehensive analysis of video frames for the determination of eye blink rate and partial blink counts. Smartphone videos from ten DED patients and ten non-DED controls were analyzed to optimize EAR-based thresholds, with eye blink and partial blink results in excellent agreement with manual counts. Importantly, a clinically relevant algorithm for the calculation of “eye healthiness score” was created, which took into consideration eye blink rate, partial blink counts as well as other demographic and clinical risk factors for DED. This 10-point score can be conveniently measured anytime with non-invasive manners and successfully led to the identification of three individuals with DED conditions from ten non-DED controls. Thus, EyeScore can be validated as a valuable mHealth App for early DED screening, detection and treatment monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases: Volume II)

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11 pages, 7306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conjunctival Limbal Autograft Combined with Amnion-Assisted Conjunctival Epithelial Redirection for Unilateral Total Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency after Severe Chemical Burn

by Tian-Yu Yao, Jia-Song Wang, Wen Geng, Hua-Tao Xie and Ming-Chang Zhang

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6235; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196235 - 27 Sep 2023

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Abstract

(1) Background: To evaluate the efficacy of conjunctival limbal autograft (CLAU) combined with the amnion-assisted conjunctival epithelial redirection (ACER) procedure for patients with unilateral total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) caused by severe chemical burn. (2) Methods: A retrospective interventional case series of unilateral total LSCD after chemical burn who underwent CLAU combined with ACER surgery between September 2021 and July 2023 was collected. Outcome measures included epithelialization of the cornea with donor limbus-derived epithelium, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications. (3) Results: Nine males and one female were included in this study. The mean age was 40.9 ± 9.63 (range, 26 to 55) years. The average duration between injury and CLAU combined with the ACER procedure was 7.67 ± 3.97 (range, 4 to 18) months. All patients achieved corneal epithelialization and improved BCVA. Postoperative complications occurred in four cases, including delayed corneal epithelial healing in one case, delayed amniotic membrane dissolution and detachment in two cases, and recurrence of symblepharon in one case. No complications were noted in the healthy donor eyes. (4) Conclusions: CLAU combined with ACER is a safe and effective treatment for unilateral total LSCD caused by severe chemical burn. This combined surgery restores visual function for patients with corneal blindness caused by chemical burn, reducing the burden on the families and society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases: Volume II)

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11 pages, 23013 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Retained, Sutureless Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for the Management of Ocular Surface Diseases

by Hsun-I Chiu and Chieh-Chih Tsai

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6222; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196222 - 27 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1404

Abstract

Amniotic membrane (AM) has anti-inflammation, anti-fibrotic, and regenerative effects. Sutureless cryopreserved AM transplantation, ProKera^® (Bio-Tissue, Inc., Miami, FL, USA), is easily applied by ophthalmologists in the treatment of ocular surface diseases. This retrospective study included patients with ocular surface diseases who received ProKera^® between January 2022 and May 2023. Six patients (9 eyes) with a mean age of 56.8 ± 20.8 years old (range 25–74) and a mean follow-up period of 7.8 ± 4.1 months (range 1–12) were included, including 2 of recurrent conjunctival tumors with limbal and corneal involvement (cases 1–2), 1 of pterygium with marked astigmatism (case 3) and 3 of Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS, cases 4–6). ProKera^® was inserted after the lesion excision and deep keratectomy in cases 1–3, and no recurrence or corneal complication was noted. Cases 4–5 were discharged from the intensive care unit and presented with severe chronic SJS. Most ocular manifestations improved significantly after symblepharon release and ProKera^® insertion, except for corneal conjunctivalization in 1 eye (case 5). Case 6 involved early ProKera^® use at the bedside during acute SJS, resulting in complete resolution. We concluded that the adjunctive application of ProKera^® can be effective for ocular surface reconstruction and provides options to intervene earlier for outpatients or patients unstable for invasive surgical intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases: Volume II)

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