Societies

17 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mapuche Worldview, Territory, and Language: Narratives of Mapuche Speakers and Elders

by Fabiola Maldonado García, Susan Sanhueza Henríquez and Carolina Aroca Toloza

Societies 2024, 14(12), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120258 - 2 Dec 2024

This article addresses the relationship between worldview, territory, and language among the Mapuche people. Our research aims to explore, through the voices of Mapuche elders, the sociocultural, political, and territorial knowledge that guides the teaching and transmission of Mapuzugun to new generations. In [...] Read more.

This article addresses the relationship between worldview, territory, and language among the Mapuche people. Our research aims to explore, through the voices of Mapuche elders, the sociocultural, political, and territorial knowledge that guides the teaching and transmission of Mapuzugun to new generations. In alignment with the proposed objective, we have adopted a socio-critical approach to explore Mapuche identity through the territorial and communal dimensions that underpin linguistic revitalization. The findings reveal that the elders possess a vast source of knowledge, serving as primary cultural bearers through epistemology centered on the unity of language and territory. Full article

14 pages, 277 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Social Impact of Sports Habits on Sustainable Tourism Perceptions: A Case Study in Alt Urgell

by Sergi Cerezo-Esteve, Xavier De Blas and Francesc Solanellas

Societies 2024, 14(12), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120257 - 2 Dec 2024

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between residents’ sports habits and their attitudes toward sustainable tourism in the rural region of Alt Urgell. Recognizing the importance of physical activity for health and well-being, this research aims to understand how regular participation in outdoor sports [...] Read more.

This study examines the relationship between residents’ sports habits and their attitudes toward sustainable tourism in the rural region of Alt Urgell. Recognizing the importance of physical activity for health and well-being, this research aims to understand how regular participation in outdoor sports influences perceptions of sustainable tourism and how demographic factors moderate this relationship. A quantitative survey was conducted with a sample of 416 residents, achieving a 95% confidence level and a 4.8% margin of error. Inferential statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between sports habits and attitudes toward sustainable tourism. Results highlight slight differences in perception between genders, with men showing stronger support for community-driven economic initiatives. Variations based on years of residency were observed, with long-term residents expressing greater concern for sustainability. Participation in outdoor sports and attendance at sports events positively influenced perceptions of sustainable tourism. While some hypotheses were confirmed, others were rejected, indicating complexities in the relationship between sports habits and sustainable tourism perceptions. This study concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions and inclusive policies to promote sustainable development in the region and suggests directions for future research to further explore these dynamics. Full article

15 pages, 1142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Participatory Methodologies as People-Centered Social Innovation: Listening to Voices of People in Policy Practice

by Swati Banerjee, P. K. Shajahan, Pravin Ghunnar and Mariya Shaikh

Societies 2024, 14(12), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120256 - 29 Nov 2024

Abstract

Participatory methodology is an important methodological paradigm to understand the diversity and plurality of people’s knowledge. Through a policy study, this article explores the creativity and dynamism of participatory methodology to center people and their voices, and conceptualises the same as people-centered social [...] Read more.

Participatory methodology is an important methodological paradigm to understand the diversity and plurality of people’s knowledge. Through a policy study, this article explores the creativity and dynamism of participatory methodology to center people and their voices, and conceptualises the same as people-centered social innovation (PCSI). The process of engagement elucidated in the article is not only a new way of performing research but also a process of co-creating tangible outcomes of the research in the form of a policy which affects the life and livelihood of the community in question. The empirical evidence is drawn from the study referred to here, ‘Compensation Policy and its Implementation Plan for Project Affected Fisherfolk of Mumbai Coastal Road Project (South)’. The article highlights the use of an optimal mix of different participatory tools and the nature of community engagement as social innovation in understanding the experiences of the fisherfolk and their lives and livelihoods and how it was impacted by the said project, subsequently co-creating a compensation policy for the affected communities. The approach adopted in the study attempts to reimagine empirical studies with a social innovation frame as ‘doing’ people-centered social innovation, which gives voice and visibility to the project-affected fishing communities in particular and marginalised actors in general in policy and practice in claiming their rights and entitlements. Through this process of co-production of knowledge, the study captured the multi-faceted impact of the project on the lives and livelihoods of various actors in the value chain, thereby paving the way for individualized compensation rather than household compensation, as is the case with many compensation policies in vogue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Innovation in Urban and Rural Areas: Empowerment, (Disruptive) Transformative Processes and Impact on Community Development)

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25 pages, 701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of a Cloud Learning Management System in Developing the Digital Transformation Skills of Blind Graduate Students

by Amr El Koshiry, Entesar Eliwa, Tarek Abd El-Hafeez and Mohamed Abd Allah Tony

Societies 2024, 14(12), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120255 - 28 Nov 2024

Abstract

Digital transformation has become a critical aspect of modern education, necessitating the development of digital skills among all students, including those with disabilities. Among these, blind students face unique challenges in acquiring the digital competencies needed for academic success and professional integration. This [...] Read more.

Digital transformation has become a critical aspect of modern education, necessitating the development of digital skills among all students, including those with disabilities. Among these, blind students face unique challenges in acquiring the digital competencies needed for academic success and professional integration. This study aimed to enhance the digital transformation skills of blind postgraduate students by evaluating the effectiveness of a cloud-based learning management system, Moodle Cloud. Using a mixed methods approach, we combined descriptive and quasi-experimental designs to assess the impact of the intervention. The sample included 20 blind graduate students from Beni Suef University, equally divided into experimental and control groups. Pre- and post-assessments measured participants’ digital transformation skills through achievement tests and performance evaluations. The findings indicated significant improvements in the experimental group, with higher scores in both the achievement tests and performance assessments compared to the control group. The results suggest that the cloud-based learning management system played a vital role in enhancing digital skills, and no significant differences were found between remote and in-person applications of the intervention. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating modern digital technologies into the education of blind students, aligning with Egypt’s Vision 2030 plan and ongoing educational reforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Disabled People/People with Disabilities (Non-Medical Coverage))

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16 pages, 583 KiB

Open AccessReview

What Role Does Medical Anthropology Play in Medical Education? A Scoping Review

by Davide Costa and Raffaele Serra

Societies 2024, 14(12), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120254 - 28 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: The medical humanities (MH) are important in medical education, and one of the most relevant is medical anthropology. This discipline constitutes the bridge between the biomedical world and the human sciences because it can detect social, cultural, and psychological variables that can [...] Read more.

Background: The medical humanities (MH) are important in medical education, and one of the most relevant is medical anthropology. This discipline constitutes the bridge between the biomedical world and the human sciences because it can detect social, cultural, and psychological variables that can act as barriers to the provision of medical services in epidemic contexts, combining knowledge of pathologies in different cultures and epidemiology. Based on what has been reported so far, this article starts with a research question: what is the role of medical anthropology in medical education? Methods: A scoping review was established according to the PRISMAScR method to try to understand the role of this discipline in medical education. Results: In total, 22 articles were included, and the extracted data were organized into different themes: the reasons for teaching anthropology to medical students, methods used that are useful for medical students, teaching methods and techniques, and some problems regarding anthropology in medical education. Conclusions: The MH may support the decision-making of physicians, thus improving several physician skills to deliver the most appropriate care to patients. On the other hand, medical sciences may provide important feedback on medical anthropology to have an actual impact on curing and caring processes. Full article

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14 pages, 230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“Then They Will Move on in Life”: How Governance and Institutional Logic Shapes Norwegian Aftercare—An Interview Study

by Ole Herman Øiseth and Marit Kristine Helgesen

Societies 2024, 14(12), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120253 - 28 Nov 2024

Abstract

In Norway, aftercare for young people aged 18–25 can be provided by the Child Welfare Service, Social Services, or both. We ask how services are regulated, implemented at the municipal level, and whether young people co-produce the services they receive. The approaches of [...] Read more.

In Norway, aftercare for young people aged 18–25 can be provided by the Child Welfare Service, Social Services, or both. We ask how services are regulated, implemented at the municipal level, and whether young people co-produce the services they receive. The approaches of co-production, governance, institutional logic, and coordination lay the foundation for the analyses of data from a document study and interviews carried out with professionals and leaders in one municipality. The findings show that governance mechanisms and institutional logic are parallel and competing. Sectorization is prominent, and overlapping jurisdictions are not avoided in the dominant regime combining public administration and market logic. The market logic is strong, favouring cost-benefit considerations, making the responsibility for young people volatile. The family logic is present at the professional level in both services; nevertheless, it must be worked with to be fully aligned with the professional and the community logic, and it is not dominant. The conclusions are that it is an open question as to whether young people co-produce the services they receive, and that the revised Child Welfare Act can strengthen the alignment of family, professional, and community logic. Full article

17 pages, 1032 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mapping Australian Culture and Society in the Animated Series Bluey—The Use of Audiovisual Material in Early EFL Learning

by Amaya Arigita-García, Lidia Mañoso-Pacheco, José Luis Estrada-Chichón and Roberto Sánchez-Cabrero

Societies 2024, 14(12), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120252 - 27 Nov 2024

Abstract

Bluey stands as the current pinnacle in children’s television series, lauded and adorned with multiple accolades for its educational and social merits. It stands out for its portrayal of childhood social learning within familial settings, offering a realistic depiction of everyday challenges. In [...] Read more.

Bluey stands as the current pinnacle in children’s television series, lauded and adorned with multiple accolades for its educational and social merits. It stands out for its portrayal of childhood social learning within familial settings, offering a realistic depiction of everyday challenges. In addition, Bluey is based on the everyday life of Australian society, clearly reflecting the country’s customs, social values, and natural environments, making it an invaluable resource for enriching the cultural learning of the English language and culture from an Australian point of view, an issue that is rarely addressed in the specialist literature. Thus, this study seeks to identify the cultural and societal facets of Australia depicted in it, with the aim of assessing its pedagogical value in teaching English to non-native learners within the context of primary education. Thirty evaluators analyzed the 52 episodes of the first season of Bluey, endeavoring to identify elements across nine thematic areas. To mitigate variances among evaluators, elements were verified only if agreement was reached by at least three evaluators. In total, evaluators identified 3327 elements representing Australian culture, comprising these categories: (1) Childhood; (2) Devices; (3) Lifestyles; (4) Food; (5) Language; (6) Sports; (7) Animals; (8) Nature; and (9) Places. A total of 1223 elements received verification by the requisite number of evaluators. The resulting catalog of Australia-specific elements per episode serves as a valuable tool in selecting the most instructive episodes for English-language and Australian cultural education for non-natives. This compilation facilitates a nuanced approach to teaching English, rooted in the diverse and culturally rich Australian context, thus breaking away from strictly British and American cultural associations and embracing a broader linguistic and cultural landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Social Research in Economics, Environment, Education, and Philosophy)

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19 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Human Resource Quality in Lombok Model Schools: A Culture-Based Leadership Approach with Tioq, Tata, and Tunaq Principles

by Tanti Sugiarti, John Tampil Purba and Rudy Pramono

Societies 2024, 14(12), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120251 - 27 Nov 2024

Abstract

This research explores the role of culture-based leadership in enhancing the quality of human resources in Sekolah Penggerak (model schools) in North Lombok, Indonesia. The study specifically focuses on the cultural wisdom of Tioq, Tata, and Tunaq (3T) inherent to the [...] Read more.

This research explores the role of culture-based leadership in enhancing the quality of human resources in Sekolah Penggerak (model schools) in North Lombok, Indonesia. The study specifically focuses on the cultural wisdom of Tioq, Tata, and Tunaq (3T) inherent to the Sasak community and its integration into the leadership practices of elementary school principals. Employing a qualitative multi-case study approach, the research investigated how 3T influenced the leadership styles and effectiveness of principals in five selected elementary model schools. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and societal outcomes. The research underscores the importance of local cultural values in shaping effective leadership and promoting sustainable educational development. The study contributes to the literature on educational leadership by presenting a new model of leadership that integrates local cultural wisdom. This model can serve as a valuable reference for other regions in Indonesia and similar cultural contexts. The implications suggest that educational leadership development programs should incorporate local cultural values to address contextual challenges and improve the quality of education holistically. Full article

18 pages, 485 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incarceration and Addiction: Women’s Lived Experiences of Deprivation

by Chiao-Yu Yang

Societies 2024, 14(12), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120250 - 25 Nov 2024

Abstract

Aims: This research examined the incarceration experiences of adult women with histories of drug addiction, aiming to fill knowledge gaps regarding how these women subjectively interpret their incarceration experiences. Methodology: In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 formerly incarcerated women from the Northeast and [...] Read more.

Aims: This research examined the incarceration experiences of adult women with histories of drug addiction, aiming to fill knowledge gaps regarding how these women subjectively interpret their incarceration experiences. Methodology: In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 formerly incarcerated women from the Northeast and Midwest United States. A phenomenological approach was used to explore the meaning of incarceration for the participants, with the deprivation model of imprisonment guiding the analysis. Findings: Women with drug addiction reported being treated differently while incarcerated because of their addiction. They experienced a lack of physical and psychosocial security, limited autonomy in health-related decisions, and diminished freedom to act and express themselves, often as a result of their mental health and drug addiction issues. Additionally, they experienced a loss of identity, stigma, and internalized stigma due to the way they were treated in prison. Conclusions: Incarceration is a critical life event that deprives women of many basic human needs, shaping their health, self-perception, and understanding of the criminal justice system. Further research is necessary to explore how the experience of incarceration impacts women’s mental health, drug addiction recovery, and overall well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Criminal Justice Involvement on the Health and Wellness of Individuals and Families)

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21 pages, 305 KiB

Open AccessArticle

‘Two Families Rejected Her; We Won’t’—Experiences of Same-Sex Couples in the Chilean Public Adoption System

by Rodolfo Morrison, Cleber Tiago Cirineu, Nicolás Chávez, Nallely Retamal, Paulina Reyes, Amanda Sepúlveda and Daniel Lagos-Ceron

Societies 2024, 14(12), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120249 - 24 Nov 2024

Abstract

In Chile, same-sex couples have faced legal and social barriers that limit their equitable access to the adoption process. Objective: To explore the experiences of three same-sex couples who completed the adoption process in the Chilean public system before implementing the equal marriage [...] Read more.

In Chile, same-sex couples have faced legal and social barriers that limit their equitable access to the adoption process. Objective: To explore the experiences of three same-sex couples who completed the adoption process in the Chilean public system before implementing the equal marriage law in 2022. Method: A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews to collect narratives from adoptive families. The information was analyzed using qualitative content analysis, identifying patterns and emerging themes. Results: It was revealed that families identified a market-driven logic within the adoption process, where personal preferences and prejudices influence the adoption decisions of traditional families, from which same-sex couples try to distance themselves. Additionally, significant challenges related to emotional bonding and family adaptation post-adoption were identified. Same-sex couples reported being clearly in a different position compared to traditional families and faced additional difficulties due to a lack of institutional support and insufficient post-adoption follow-up. Discussion and Conclusions: The need for structural reforms in the Chilean adoption system is highlighted to ensure equity and fair treatment for all families, regardless of their composition. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of implementing inclusive policies that recognize and support family diversity, promoting a fairer and more equitable adoption system that ensures the well-being of all children involved. Full article

11 pages, 270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Greek Students’ Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence: Relationships with AI Ethics, Media, and Digital Literacy

by Asimina Saklaki and Antonis Gardikiotis

Societies 2024, 14(12), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120248 - 23 Nov 2024

Abstract

This exploratory study (N = 310) investigates the relationship between students’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI), their attitudes toward AI ethics, and their media and digital literacy levels. This study’s specific objectives were to examine students’ (a) general attitudes toward AI, (b) [...] Read more.

This exploratory study (N = 310) investigates the relationship between students’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI), their attitudes toward AI ethics, and their media and digital literacy levels. This study’s specific objectives were to examine students’ (a) general attitudes toward AI, (b) attitudes toward AI ethics, (c) the relationship between the two, and (d) whether attitudes toward AI are associated with media and digital literacy. Participants, drawn from a convenience sample of university students, completed an online survey including four scales: (a) a general attitude toward AI scale (including two subscales, positive and negative attitudes), (b) an attitude toward AI ethics scale (including two subscales, attitudes toward accountable and non-accountable AI use), (c) a media literacy scale, and (d) a digital literacy scale, alongside demographic information. The findings revealed that students held moderate positive attitudes toward AI and strong attitudes favoring accountable AI use. Interestingly, media literacy was positively related to accountable AI use and negatively to positive attitudes toward AI, whereas digital literacy was positively related to positive attitudes, and negatively to negative attitudes toward AI. These findings carry significant theoretical implications by highlighting the unique relationship of distinct literacies (digital and media) with students’ attitudes. They also offer practical insights for educators, technology designers, and administrators, emphasizing the need to address ethical considerations in AI deployment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Participatory Environments: Technologies, Ethics, and Literacy Aspects)

20 pages, 1024 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Resource Practices and Job Performance: Insights from Public Administration

by Zakaria Ouabi, Khadija Douayri, Fatine Barboucha and Omar Boubker

Societies 2024, 14(12), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120247 - 22 Nov 2024

Abstract

The Moroccan government has taken several initiatives to improve HR practices in the public sector, with the aim of enhancing the performance of civil servants and thereby improving the quality of public administration services. Therefore, this study employs the PLS-SEM technique to investigate [...] Read more.

The Moroccan government has taken several initiatives to improve HR practices in the public sector, with the aim of enhancing the performance of civil servants and thereby improving the quality of public administration services. Therefore, this study employs the PLS-SEM technique to investigate the influence of HRM practices on job satisfaction, affective commitment, and in-role job performance within public administrations. The dataset was collected online from 390 Moroccan civil servants. The results indicate that recruitment and selection (RSE), training (TRA), compensation (COM), employment security (ESE), and internal career opportunities (ICOs) had a positive impact on job satisfaction (JSA). Likewise, RSE, TRA, and ICOs improved affective commitment (ACO). In addition, JSA and ACO enhanced in-role job performance (RJP). These findings provide valuable theoretical implications and practical guidelines for policymakers on how to adapt HR practices to enhance civil servants’ job satisfaction and affective commitment, ultimately improving their in-role job performance levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Social Research in Economics, Environment, Education, and Philosophy)

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20 pages, 1516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Socioeconomic Status as a Predictor of the Academic Achievement of Engineering Students in Taiz State, Yemen

by Atef M. Ghaleb, Mokhtar Ali Amrani, Raad Abdo M. Al Selwi, Hanaa A. Hebah, Mogeeb A. Saeed and Sobhi Mejjaouli

Societies 2024, 14(12), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120246 - 22 Nov 2024

Abstract

Serious concerns have been raised over the consistent academic underperformance of Yemeni students at almost all levels of university studies. This paper investigates the impact of various socioeconomic factors on the academic performance of engineering students in Taiz State, Yemen, an impoverished and [...] Read more.

Serious concerns have been raised over the consistent academic underperformance of Yemeni students at almost all levels of university studies. This paper investigates the impact of various socioeconomic factors on the academic performance of engineering students in Taiz State, Yemen, an impoverished and unstable society. Our quantitative methodology employed a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and targeted 596 female/male students from three engineering colleges in Taiz State. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and simple and multiple regression models to examine the impact of socioeconomic variables on academic achievement while moderating financial condition and gender. This study measured academic achievement through GPAs, student attendance, and English level. Many socioeconomic influences have been examined against academic performance, such as gender, family income, family stability, family openness, marital status, co-education, part-time jobs, and stimulant use. The results accurately specified that students’ gender considerably impacts the studied variables; moreover, low-income features of families negatively affect students’ academic performance. The outcome of this study indicated that socioeconomic variables matched well with GPA, attendance rate, and English level, but with higher matching to the attendance rate. This study highlights that university students in impoverished and unstable societies, like Yemen, are significantly affected by socioeconomic factors. It recommends coordinated efforts among government authorities, educational institutions, and community leaders to mitigate the negative impact on academic achievement and implement appropriate technologies to enhance performance. Additionally, conducting similar studies in other disciplines and communities within the country is recommended for a deeper understanding of this issue. Full article

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24 pages, 361 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

Populism as a Conceptual Problem: Disciplinary Differentiation, Specialization, and the Complex Approach

by Ernesto Dominguez Lopez, Valerian Thielicke-Witt and Nitin Arya

Societies 2024, 14(12), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120245 - 21 Nov 2024

Abstract

Populism is a global phenomenon that has been widely debated in academia (particularly in political science), the media, and politics for decades. This has led to many different definitions which exclude or include different forms, and focus on different aspects. This article discusses [...] Read more.

Populism is a global phenomenon that has been widely debated in academia (particularly in political science), the media, and politics for decades. This has led to many different definitions which exclude or include different forms, and focus on different aspects. This article discusses and systematizes these different approaches and explains them based on their core logics and empirical support. Their differences are rooted in their disciplinary differentiation and specialization. This process is absolutely necessary to conduct research in modern and complex societies, but it can make grasping complex problems difficult. Especially, if the ontological and epistemological assumptions are not properly supported and classified, this will lead to a cacophony of definitions. To overcome this problem, a new epistemological approach is needed, one that is capable of integrating the different empirically supported perspectives. The paper will point out that embracing the complexity of society is fruitful and necessary as it allows for a new understanding of the phenomenon by integrating the current research into one common framework, based on the concept of cultural complexus. In this approach, populism is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon—thus, the complex approach—with multiple variants that has a set of necessary and sufficient dimensions that identify it and that can be observed empirically. Full article

18 pages, 2109 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Participatory Processes in Public Policy-Making: A Scoping Review

by Teddy Moysan and Francisco Ródenas-Rigla

Societies 2024, 14(12), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120244 - 21 Nov 2024

Abstract

The topic of participatory processes in public policy-making is becoming increasingly common, yet their quality remains disputed. There is as yet no reproducible quantitative assessment method that can be generalized to all such processes. This article proposes a scoping review, guided by the [...] Read more.

The topic of participatory processes in public policy-making is becoming increasingly common, yet their quality remains disputed. There is as yet no reproducible quantitative assessment method that can be generalized to all such processes. This article proposes a scoping review, guided by the PRISMA research protocol, to identify key concepts linked with the democratic quality of participatory processes. The key concepts which appear are accountability, comprehensiveness, influence, results, deliberation, inclusiveness, representativeness, transparency and context. We conclude that this scoping review provides a rigorous basis upon which a generalizable quantitative evaluation framework can be developed. Full article

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20 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessReview

Career Choices Among Individuals with Disabilities in the Gulf Region: Cultural, Religious, Policy, and Socio-Economic Influences: A Literature Review

by Maha Al-Hendawi, Esraa Hussein and Fathia Ismail

Societies 2024, 14(11), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14110243 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

This study explores the multifaceted factors influencing career decisions among individuals with disabilities (IWDs) in the Gulf region, emphasizing the interplay between health and cultural/religious contexts. To examine these complex influences, this review adopts Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory as a guiding framework. This [...] Read more.

This study explores the multifaceted factors influencing career decisions among individuals with disabilities (IWDs) in the Gulf region, emphasizing the interplay between health and cultural/religious contexts. To examine these complex influences, this review adopts Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory as a guiding framework. This theoretical lens facilitates an in-depth analysis of how personal attributes, religious and cultural beliefs, disability-specific challenges, systemic and environmental barriers, gender-related issues, social networks, transition and teachers’ attitudes, work environment, and government policies interact across multiple levels to shape career choices for IWDs in the Gulf region. Cultural and religious beliefs critically shape both the perceptions and opportunities available to IWDs, reflecting the broader macrosystem influences. By applying this multi-layered approach, this review highlights the need to integrate religious and spiritual considerations into support frameworks to enhance the mental and physical well-being of IWDs as they navigate their career paths. The findings suggest actionable implications for policymakers and practitioners dedicated to improving inclusion and equity in the workforce for individuals with disabilities. Full article

20 pages, 323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender-Based Violence and 2SLGBTQI+ Groups

by Cara A. Davidson, Tara Mantler and Kimberley T. Jackson

Societies 2024, 14(11), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14110242 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive public health issue that affects all Canadians, including Indigenous peoples (First Nations, Inuit, Métis); however, it is well-understood that GBV disproportionately affects certain social groups. An estimated one million Canadians aged 15 and older identify with a [...] Read more.

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive public health issue that affects all Canadians, including Indigenous peoples (First Nations, Inuit, Métis); however, it is well-understood that GBV disproportionately affects certain social groups. An estimated one million Canadians aged 15 and older identify with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual, and approximately 1 in 300 people identify as transgender or non-binary. In Canada, violence rooted in biphobia, homophobia, transphobia, and queerphobia results in disproportionately high levels of GBV experienced by Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (or questioning), intersex, and other individuals who identify outside of cisgender, heterosexual norms (2SLGBTQI+ people). The health impacts of GBV experienced by people who identify outside of gender and sexuality norms are profound, spanning mental and physical dimensions across the life course. This article employs an anti-oppression queer framework to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and understandings of GBV in Canada concerning 2SLGBTQI+ people, emphasizing (1) the disproportionate risk of GBV faced by 2SLGBTQI+ communities within the context of Canadian social politics; (2) key links between the experiences of GBV among 2SLGBTQI+ people in Canada and associated health disparities; (3) current orientations to GBV policy, practice, and research, with an emphasis on contemporary, inclusive paradigms that shape equity-oriented health and social services; and (4) future directions aimed at eradicating GBV and addressing health inequities among 2SLGBTQI+ people in Canada. While much work remains to be done, the expansion of 2SLGBTQI+ inclusion in GBV prevention within the past five years points to a promising future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Social Politics of Gender-Based Violence: A Critical Canadian Health Perspective, 2024)

17 pages, 1267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“Inclination Towards Innovation”: Deconstructing Neoliberal Educational Discourses from a School Context

by Diego Luna, Jesús Romero Morante, José Antonio Pineda-Alfonso and Coral I. Hunt-Gómez

Societies 2024, 14(11), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14110241 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

Educational innovation is a key concept for policymakers, school leaders, and families, but its conflicting aspects make it hard to define clearly. This study explores how pro-innovation narratives are created within Spanish educational policies and how these narratives are received in schools. Using [...] Read more.

Educational innovation is a key concept for policymakers, school leaders, and families, but its conflicting aspects make it hard to define clearly. This study explores how pro-innovation narratives are created within Spanish educational policies and how these narratives are received in schools. Using principles of critical discourse analysis, we examined a corpus of ten texts from three different discursive fields with a tailored analytical approach. This paper focuses specifically on findings related to regulations and the private school involved in the study. The results reveal a strong connection between Spanish educational laws and the political environment in which they were developed. Additionally, the study identifies new, economically-driven definitions for key concepts like education, quality, and innovation. A major conclusion is that today’s “innovative” schools align with the principles of educational neoliberalism. In this context, the concept of innovation reflects lawmakers’ goals, which school leaders endorse. At the school level, administrators adopt a self-promotional discourse that often appears contradictory and propagandist. Full article

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23 pages, 1320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Socio-Cultural Aspects of Diabetic Foot: An Ethnographic Study and an Integrated Model Proposal

by Davide Costa, Giuseppe Gallelli, Enrica Scalise, Nicola Ielapi, Umberto Marcello Bracale and Raffaele Serra

Societies 2024, 14(11), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14110240 - 18 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an ongoing and growing health problem worldwide, with a series of important complications such as diabetic foot that can significatively reduce the quality of life of affected patients. This study aims to explore the socio-cultural aspects of patients [...] Read more.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an ongoing and growing health problem worldwide, with a series of important complications such as diabetic foot that can significatively reduce the quality of life of affected patients. This study aims to explore the socio-cultural aspects of patients with diabetic foot, analyzing the following research question: “What are the socio-cultural aspects experienced by patients with diabetic foot?” Methods: A qualitative design using an ethnographic approach was applied to study the social and cultural aspects of Italian diabetic foot patients. Results: We included 20 key informants: 13 men and 7 women. Ages ranged from 54 to 71, with an average age of 61.2. The data analysis revealed five main themes: perceptions of diabetic foot, living with diabetic foot, impacts of culture and economic performance, barriers to health and diabetic foot, and home remedies and alternative medicine. Conclusions: This study provides a new perspective on the influence of cultural factors on the health of diabetic foot patients, showing various factors related to a lack of knowledge and training, fear, and acceptance of diabetic foot. This study also presents a new integrated model which will allow patients and practitioners to act on the various critical issues that emerged from our research. Full article

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