Type 2 diabetes articles from across Nature Portfolio

Transcriptomic analysis reveals progressive changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue during type 2 diabetes, impacting catabolic metabolism, circadian rhythms, thermogenesis-related signalling pathways, cellular stress, and inflammation.

This Review discusses how levels of glucose, amino acids and lipids influence islet hormone secretion. The authors also discuss how crosstalk between α-cells, β-cells and δ-cells regulates islet hormone secretion and how islet hormones control the metabolism of different nutrients.

Sakaguchi, Sugawara, Hosokawa, Ito, Morita, et al. quantify the effect of metformin on intestinal glucose excretion using fluorodeoxyglucose PET-MRI based bioimaging in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A substantial amount of glucose is excreted into the intestinal lumen, a process augmented by metformin, which is metabolized by gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids.

Here, the authors leveraged genetic and proteomic information from the UK Biobank and two randomized controlled trials to characterize how polygenic disease risk for T2D and related comorbidities perturbs the plasma proteome and glean therapeutic insights.

In people of South Asia ancestry, specific genetic mechanisms may drive diabetes development, as revealed by a new study offering insights into global diabetes heterogeneity and potential avenues toward precision medicine.

Advances in islet cell biology over the past few years highlight a fundamental role for intra-islet endocrine cell interactions and δ-cells in the regulation of glycaemia. New insights into how cellular heterogeneity and individual-level heterogeneity effect hormone secretion have also emerged.

Researchers map the expression of immune checkpoints and cell interactions within human atherosclerotic plaques, and the influence of relevant comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. The findings shed light on the potential mechanisms behind the increased risk of cardiovascular events after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.