statistical prediction
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The Northeast monsoon season of October to December (OND) is the primary season of cyclonic activity over the North Indian Ocean (NIO). The mean number of days of cyclonic activity over NIO during this season is about 20 days. In the present study, statistical prediction for seasonal cyclonic activity over the North Indian Ocean during the cyclone season of October to December is attempted using well known climate indices and regional circulation features during the recent 30 years of 1971-2000.Potential predictors are identified using correlation analysis and optimum numbers of predictors are chosen using screening regression technique. A qualitative prediction for number of Cyclonic Disturbance (CD) days is attempted by analysing the conditional means of the number of CD days during OND over NIO for different intervals of each predictor based on the 30 year data of 1971-2000. Predictions and their validations for the subsequent test period of 2001 to 2009, based on this scheme, are discussed. An attempt for quantitative prediction is also made by developing a multiple regression model for prediction of number of CD days over the NIO during OND using the same predictors. The regression model accounts for 70% of the inter annual variance. The root mean square error of estimate is 5 days and the bias error is 0.36 days. The regression model is cross validated by Jackknife method for each individual year using the data of 29 years from the sample excluding the year under consideration. The model is also tested for independent dataset for the years 2001 to 2009. Salient features of the model performance are discussed.

Abstract It is well-known that the upper ocean heat content (OHC) variability in the tropical Pacific contains valuable information about dynamics of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Here we combine sea surface temperature (SST) and OHC indices derived from the gridded datasets to construct a phase space for data-driven ENSO models. Using a Bayesian optimization method, we construct linear as well as nonlinear models for these indices. We find that the joint SST-OHC optimal models yield significant benefits in predicting both the SST and OHC as compared with the separate SST or OHC models. It is shown that these models substantially reduces seasonal predictability barriers in each variable – the spring barrier in the SST index and the winter barrier in the OHC index. We also reveal the significant nonlinear relationships between the ENSO variables manifesting on interannual scales, which opens prospects for improving yearly ENSO forecasting.

Introduction. Periodontal tissue disease is one of the most common dental pathologies, which among young people occurs with a frequency of 60% to 99%. Therefore, the problem of finding new links in the pathogenesis, the reasons for the growing prevalence of periodontal disease, as well as effective methods for its early diagnosis and prevention, is relevant. Objectives. Establish the possibility of using individual stomatological and psychophysiological features to predict the development of periodontal disease. Materials and methods. 156 students aged 18-23 years old without systemic diseases were surveyed for some features of oral hygiene and nutrition. Also the study subjects underwent a dental examination, psychological testing and the assessment of individual typological features of higher nervous activity and autonomous regulation. The model for statistical prediction were designed using neural networks. Results. Two neural networks were designed with the best predictors among dental history and examination, psychological testing, parameters of higher nervous activity and heart rate variability analysis. The diagnostic sensitivity of the first prognostic model was 83.33 % and the specificity was 92.31 %. The second model was characterized by 90.00 % sensitivity and 78.57 % specificity. Conclusion. The method of modeling using neural networks based on the index assessment of the condition of teeth hard tissues, the level of oral hygiene and the evaluation of psychophysiological features can effectively predict the risk of periodontal disease development in young people

The present study investigates the effect of the climatic environment on three different varieties of paddy. Crop coefficient in different stages of growth, the consumptive uses and radiation use efficiency has been determined and discussed in each case. Ideal date which could give optimum yield, has been determined in two varieties. The yield was correlated with weather parameters for each of the phases of the crop growth by forward ranking method and a statistical prediction model developed. Path analysis was applied to the predictors thus selected and direct and indirect contribution of the predictors to yield determined and discussed.

Multiple statistical prediction modeling of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 at Gangneung city, Korea, was performed in association with local meteorological parameters (air temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) and PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations of an upwind site in Beijing, China, in the transport route of Chinese yellow dusts which originated from the Gobi Desert and passed through Beijing to the city from 18 March to 27 March 2015. Before and after the dust periods, the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations showed as being very high at 09:00 LST (the morning rush hour) by the increasing emitted pollutants from vehicles and flying dust from the road and their maxima occurred at 20:00 to 22:00 LST (the evening departure time) from the additional pollutants from resident heating boilers. During the dust period, these peak trends were not found due to the persistent accumulation of dust in the city from the Gobi Desert through Beijing, China, as shown in real-time COMS-AI satellite images. Multiple correlation coefficients among PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 at Gangneung were in the range of 0.916 to 0.998. Multiple statistical models were devised to predict each PM concentration, and the significant levels through multi-regression analyses were p < 0.001, showing all the coefficients to be significant. The observed and calculated PM concentrations were compared, and new linear regression models were sequentially suggested to reproduce the original observed PM values with improved correlation coefficients, to some extent.

Abstract Solar flare formation mechanisms and their corresponding predictions have commonly been difficult topics in solar physics for decades. The traditional forecasting method manually constructs a statistical relationship between the measured values of solar active regions and solar flares that cannot fully utilize the information related to solar flares contained in observational data. In this article, we first used neural-network methods driven by the measured magnetogram and magnetic characteristic parameters of the sunspot group to learn the prediction model and predict solar flares. The prediction fusion model is based on a deep neural network, convolutional neural network, and bidirectional long short-term memory neural network and can predict whether a sunspot group will have a flare event above class M or class C in the next 24 or 48 hr. The real skill statistics (TSS) and F1 scores were used to evaluate the performances of our fusion model. The test results clearly show that this fusion model can make full use of the information related to solar flares and combine the advantages of each independent model to capture the evolution characteristics of solar flares, which is a much better performance than traditional statistical prediction models or any single machine-learning method. We also proposed two frameworks, namely F1_FFM and TSS_FFM, which optimize the F1 score and TSS score, respectively. The cross validation results show that they have their respective advantages in the F1 score and TSS score.

Abstract. The potential benefits of seasonal streamflow forecasts for the hydropower sector have been evaluated for several basins across the world, but with contrasting conclusions on the expected benefits. This raises the prospect of a complex relationship between reservoir characteristics, forecast skill and value. Here, we unfold the nature of this relationship by studying time series of simulated power production for 735 headwater dams worldwide. The time series are generated by running a detailed dam model over the period 1958–2000 with three operating schemes: basic control rules, perfect forecast-informed, and realistic forecast-informed. The realistic forecasts are issued by tailored statistical prediction models—based on lagged global and local hydro-climatic variables—predicting seasonal monthly dam inflows. As expected, results show that most dams (94 %) could benefit from perfect forecasts. Yet, the benefits for each dam vary greatly and are primarily controlled by the time-to-fill and the ratio between reservoir depth and hydraulic head. When realistic forecasts are adopted, 25 % of dams demonstrate improvements with respect to basic control rules. In this case, the likelihood of observing improvements is controlled not only by design specifications but also by forecast skill. We conclude our analysis by identifying two groups of dams of particular interest: dams that fall in regions expressing strong forecast accuracy and have the potential to reap benefits from forecast-informed operations, and dams with strong potential to benefit from forecast-informed operations but fall in regions lacking forecast accuracy. Overall, these results represent a first qualitative step towards informing site-specific hydropower studies.