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Carthamus tinctorius L. is a plant, that is used for oil production and dyeing, and also used for medical purposes and cosmetology. A distinctive biological feature of this plant is its high drought resistance. In the process of global warming the increase in air temperature in Transnistria over the past 70 years amounted to 1,2…1,3 °C, the increase in soil temperature over the past 20 years in the observed soil layer 0,2…3,2 m amounted 0,8…1,2 °C. In this regard the intercalation of drought resistant crops, such as Carthamus tinctorius L., into agricultural production is relevant. The dura- tion of the growing season of a Carthamus tinctorius L. collection specimen of unknown origin in the Republican Botanical Garden (in the town of Tiraspol) when sown in middle of April for the period from the year of 2008 to the year of 2017 ranged from 103 to 113 days. In the conditions of Transnistria in the year of 2020 for the first time the influence of sowing time of Carthamus tinctorius L. on the development of a complex of features was studied. Sowing of Carthamus tinctorius was carried out five times: the 20th and the 27th of March, the 3rd and the 14th of April, the 2nd of May. The study of the influence of the sowing time showed decreasing values of the complex of features with later sowing time of Carthamus tinctorius L. The mostly significant decreased with a later sowing time were such features as the number of branches of the first and the second level, the number of seeds in the inflorescence, the number of seeds per plant. The best sowing date in the conditions of an acute drought in the year of 2020 was the first sowing time on the 20th of March. The value of the features in this sowing period was: plants’ height — 55 cm, the number of branches of the first level — 8,7 pieces, the number of branches of the second level — 4,6 pieces, the number of inflorescences per plant — 14,1 pieces, the number of seeds in the inflorescence — 7,0 pieces, the number of seeds per plant — 64,8 pieces.

The research was carried out with the aim to establish the formation regularity of both yield and its elements, as well as to formulate technological and quality indicators of bare-grained oats under the influence of different sowing periods. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Kemerovo region (Russia) on the territory belonging to the Kemerovo Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the SFNCA RAS in 2018-2019. The soil of the site is leached chernozem, heavy loamy in granulometric composition, of medium thickness. The object of research was the mid-season variety of bare-grained oats Bare-grained. The predecessor is pure steam. Sowing was carried out in three periods: early – on May 4 (when the soil was physically ripe, subsequent ones with an interval of 8-10 days, depending on the prevailing weather conditions), medium - on May 12 and 14, late - on May 20 and 24. Against the background of each sowing period, the seeding rates of 4.0 were studied; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0 million crops/ha. It has been established that the optimal sowing time for obtaining high quantitative indicators (yield, number of grains, grain size) of bare-grained oats in the northern forest-steppe of the Kemerovo region is an early period (first decade of May); while a later period (third decade of May) is more promising for such high-quality indicators as protein content, fat in grain, essential and nonessential amino acids, etc. The optimal seeding rate for bare-grained oats at early sowing period is 4.0-4.5 million/ha. At a later period, it is advisable to increase the seeding rate to 5.0-5.5 million/ha.

Eastern goat's rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) is one of the most priority crops among non-traditional species and its cultivation areas in different regions of the country tend to grow steadily. Due to the southern origin of eastern goat's rue in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone, it develops slowly in the first year of life, which requires studying its adaptive properties and developing agricultural techniques for new cultivation areas. An important agricultural method that determines the intensity of the development of eastern goat's rue plants in the year of sowing and the amount of seed yield in the next two years is the sowing period. It is optimal to sow in the early spring at the onset of physical ripeness of the soil, the permissible period is until the end of May.

Abstract Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Trial establishment, phenological observations, and statistical processing of the obtained results were carried out using generally accepted methods. It was found that the highest seed yields for the studied varieties (Vilana, Slavia, Chara) were obtained in the third sowing period. So, for the Vilana variety (on average for 2018-2020, background - without fertilizers), the yield in the first period (10°C) was 1.87 t/ha, in the second (12°C) - 1.91 t/ha, in the third (14°C) - 2.06 t/ha, and in the fourth (16°C) - 1.97 t/ha. Indicators for the Slavia and Chara varieties were slightly lower. When mineral fertilizers were applied at the rate of P120K60, the yield of the studied varieties increased in comparison with the background P60K30. So, for the Vilana variety (average value over 3 years), the yield was higher in the first sowing period by 0.22 t/ha, in the second - by 0.31 t/ha, in the third - by 0.57 t/ha, and in the fourth - by 0.34 t/ha. From the given data it can be seen that the highest yield was noted in the third sowing period. A similar pattern was also observed for the Slavia and Chara varieties. So, for the Slavia variety, the yield in the third sowing period was 2.74 t/ha, in the fourth - 2.64 t/ha, in the second - 2.56 t/ha, in the first - 2.35 t/ha, and for the Chara variety, respectively: 2.60; 2.48; 2.45, and 2.31 t/ha.

A rainfall and potential evapotranspiration characteristics together determine the agro-meteorological regime of a region and influences decision concerning the magnitudes and timing of irrigation application.  In the present study, historical rainfall and climate data pertaining to the study area, Uttar Kannada district, Karnataka, was analyzed with a view to characterizing irrigation water requirements. In addition to rainfall input, an important aspect of the water balance model is the crop evapotranspiration (ETcrop), which is the main factor in determining the irrigation schedule. ETcrop could be estimated by reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and crop coefficient. Atmospheric demand for water is represented by ‘potential evapotranspiration’ (PET) and calculated from climatic variables which is crucial for irrigation planning. It has been reported that the Penman-Monteith method gives more consistently correct ET0 estimates to other ET0 methods. While recognizing the importance of both rainfall and PET, an effective measure is known as the ‘Moisture Availability Index’ (MAI), which is computed as the ratio of 75% dependable rainfall and potential evapotranspiration. An MAI value of 1.00 indicates that dependable precipitation is equal to potential evapotranspiration. An MAI value of 0.33 or less for one month during the crop growing season is considered to be a signal of water deficit resulting reduction in crop yield. The findings of this study on MAI are used to decide the selection of the sowing period of crops so as to avoid water stress during the critical harvesting period.

The results of studying naked oat yield indicators depending on different sowing dates and seeding rates are presented. The study was carried out in 2016-2020 in a field experiment in Western Siberia. Samples of different groups of the crop ripeness were studied: mid-early variety Gavrosh and mid-ripening variety Ofenya. The duration of the growing season of naked oats was influenced by meteorological factors. There was a tendency observed for a decrease in the duration of interphase periods and the growing season as a whole from an early sowing date to a later one by 4-10 days for the Gavrosh variety and by 8-10 days for the Ofenya variety. The yield of the Gavrosh variety at an early sowing period significantly exceeded the same indicator at a mid-period by 17.6% and at a late period - by 19.0%, of the Ofenya variety - by 10.9% and 16.2%, respectively. The increase in the yield for the early sowing period of the mid-early variety Gavrosh relative to the middle and late sowing dates was determined by a larger grain size (r = 0.6929 ... 0.9535 at R = 0.5140). For the midripening variety Ofenya, the number of productive stems per unit area (r = 0.7444 ... 0.9054 with R = 0.5140) and the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.5350 ... 0.8297 at R = 0.5140) were of more importance in the years of research on all variants. The most optimal seeding rate for naked oat varieties is 5.0-6.0 million germinating grains/ha. At this rate, it was not the maximum manifestation of individual indicators of the yield structural elements, but a combination of their average values was noted.

Background: Climate change is expected to be a major constraint for chickpea as it increases the frequency of drought and temperature extremes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drought and heat stress conditions on chickpeas’ physical, quality and bioactive traits, along with antioxidant activity of five chickpea genotypes in normal and late sowning conditions. Methods: Field trials were carried out at Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops. All the five genotypes were planted at two different sowing dates, one during the normal sowing period (February 28, 2019) and one off-season (April 1, 2019) in order to achieve dry-heat conditions during the chickpea’s critical stages of off-season sowing. Result: Sowing period significantly affected cooking time and bioactive traits, resulted in decreased cooking time and increased bioactive traits values, in the later sowing period. Genotype’s effects were significant for all the traits studied. Amorgos appeared to be a promising variety with high nutritive value as it showed the highest values in terms of bioactive traits and antioxidant activity in both sowing periods, combined with low cooking time and high protein content at the off-season sowing.

The article offers studies to identify the effectiveness of chemical preparations for desiccation in spring wheat crops. The research was conducted in 2017-2020 in the conditions of the Ryazan region. It was revealed that in the phase of the yellow-green pod, the organs of the surepitsa plants were characterized by different humidity. The stems (up to 75%), the leaves of the pods (about 55%) and the seeds (40%) had the maximum humidity. On average, according to the experience, a high increase in seeds was observed on the variant with sowing in the first decade of May, Dikoshans, BP, 3 l/ha – 20.0 c/ha (+11.7% to the control or +2.1 c/ha). The average maximum yield in the second sowing period was noted on the Glyphoshans, BP, 3 l/ha variant-18.4 c / ha (+1.5 c/ha or +8.8% to the control) and on the Dikoshans, BP, 3 l/ha variant-18.3 c/ha (+1.4 c / ha or + 8.2% to the control), which proves the high efficiency of using the desiccation method in the production technology of spring surepitsa oilseeds. Keywords: SPRING SUREPITSA, SEED MOISTURE, DESICCATION, YIELD, YIELD, OIL CONTENT

The article offers studies to identify the effectiveness of chemical preparations for desiccation in spring wheat crops. The research was conducted in 2017-2020 in the conditions of the Ryazan region. It was revealed that in the phase of the yellow-green pod, the organs of the surepitsa plants were characterized by different humidity. The stems (up to 75%), the leaves of the pods (about 55%) and the seeds (40%) had the maximum humidity. On average, according to the experience, a high increase in seeds was observed on the variant with sowing in the first decade of May, Dikoshans, BP, 3 l/ha – 20.0 c/ha (+11.7% to the control or +2.1 c/ha). The average maximum yield in the second sowing period was noted on the Glyphoshans, BP, 3 l/ha variant-18.4 c / ha (+1.5 c/ha or +8.8% to the control) and on the Dikoshans, BP, 3 l/ha variant-18.3 c/ha (+1.4 c / ha or + 8.2% to the control), which proves the high efficiency of using the desiccation method in the production technology of spring surepitsa oilseeds. Keywords: SPRING SUREPITSA, SEED MOISTURE, DESICCATION, YIELD, YIELD, OIL CONTENT