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Abstract: The Child adoption application for Moslem applicants and Moslem adopted children potential are legal by the State court and the religion court in pratice, for this reason this matter causes the competency dualism in accepting, examining, and assigning that child adoption application. in the Mojokerto state court Decicion No.04/Pdt P/2012//PN Mkt, the Purwokerto faith courtroom Desicion No.a hundred thirty/Pdt P/2014/PA Pwt. the ones fourt courtsstate that they are legal to accept, examine and assign the adoption of children. according to the research, by way of yuridis normative approch sesult of the child adoption application proposed by means of Moslem applicants, both in the religion court and trough the state court have the authority to just accept, have a look at, grant, and assign the child adoption application, but with different legal consideration. inside the state court decision, the judicial legal consideration refers back to the common legislation law such as the child Protrction laws, the population Administrations law, the Goverment Ordinance, and the supreme court circular, however, the religious court in based on the Islamic law compilation. The legal consequences caused by child adoption decision carried out inside the state court, the adopted kids have inheritance rights from the adoptive mother and father, at the same time as in the religious Courts, the adoyed children do not server ties with the biological parents. consequently the adopted children do not inherit property from the adoptive mother and father.

This paper’s aim is to analyze the legal consideration of Kendal District court on the stipulation of the adopted child for Muslim after the enactment of Law No. 50 of 2009 concerning the religious courts with the focus on the ratio decidendi of the decision of Kendal District Court  Number: 27/pdt.p/2011/ PN. Kdl. Utilizing juridical normative work, this paper argues that the court stipulated adopted Muslim child after the enactment of Religious Court (PA) act as the judges only took serious consideration to the adoption motives and paid less attention to the religion of the child. The decision, therefore, does not meet to the principle of the best interest of the child where religion is a fundamental.Artikel ini membahas tentang ratio desidendi atau alasan hukum yang digunakan oleh hakim Pengadilan Negeri (PN) Kendal dalam membuat penetapan pengangkatan anak dalam perkara No. 27/pdt.p/2011/PN.kdl. Penetapan ini berkaitan dengan pengajuan penetapan pengangkatan anak yang diajukan oleh pasangan suami isteri Muslim. Dengan menggunakan perspektif yuridis, artikel ini berargumen bahwa dalam membuat penetapan ini, hakim hanya mempertimbangkan motif dan tujuan dibalik pengangkatan anak yang dilakukan, tanpa mempertimbangkan faktor agama sebagai alasan dalam penetapan. Dari perspektif hukum, penetapan ini tidak sesuai dengan prinsip pengangkatan anak yang menekankan pada kepentingan terbaik anak.

This study aimed to analyze the force of private testament proofing and the judge's consideration in the Bitung District Court Decision Number 43 / Pdt.G / 2015 / PN.Bit. about sale without any written evidence. The study used a normative research method with a statutory approach and a case approach. The results showed the power of private testament regarding the Bitung District Court Decision Number 43 / Pdt.G / 2015 / PN.Bit. is strong, judging from the power of physical evidence, the power of formal evidence, and the power of material evidence. However, the sale carried out between the plaintiff and the defendant which was not in the presence of the Land Deed Official had weak legal force because it was not in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations. In their legal considerations, judges used the principle of sale customary law only, namely light and cash, and witness testimony de auditu as evidence. This legal consideration was deemed inappropriate because it was against the Basic Agrarian Law and in general the witness testimony de auditu was rejected as evidence.

Tujuan penelitian menganalisis penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak. dan pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pidana terhadap persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian bahwa.) Penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap tindak pidana persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak sama dengan penerapan sanksi pidana untuk orang dewasa karena menerapkan pidana penjara selama 8 bulan penjara. Pertimbangan hukum oleh hakim bahwa terdakwa telah terbukti melakukan persetubuhan akan tetapi hakim kurang memperhatikan asas legalitas dimana undang-undang tersebut berlaku setelah perbuatan pidana terjadi. Dengan pertimbangan penerapan undang-undang tersebut akan lebih adil baik bagi pelaku maupun korban yang masih berstatus anak. The research objective was to analyze the application of criminal sanctions against sexual intercourse by children. and the judge's consideration in imposing criminal sanctions on copulation committed by children. The research method used is empirical juridical legal research. The results of the study show that.) The application of criminal sanctions against criminal acts of sexual intercourse committed by children is the same as the application of criminal sanctions for adults because of imprisonment for 8 months in prison. Legal consideration by the judge that the defendant has been proven to have intercourse, but the judge does not pay attention to the legality principle where the law applies after the criminal act has occurred. With the consideration that the application of this law will be fairer for both the perpetrator and the victim who is still a child.