citronella oil
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Effects of essential oils, namely Cinnamon, Citronella, Peppermint, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Thyme, Rosemary, Basil oil enriched coconut oil emulsion on shelf life and quality of ambient stored mango cv. Rangkuai were evaluated. Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) @ 0.5% (v/v) was found to maintain low weight loss (5.14%), high fruit firmness (52.85 N/cm2), ascorbic acid (33.62 mg/100 g), total phenol (89.67 mg/100 g) and least fruit decay (8.33%) at 12 days after storage (DAS) and had delayed accumulation of pulp colour (L: 91.06, a: -2.61, b : 24.03), β-carotene (3.85 mg/100 g) and total sugar (4.46%) for delayed ripening, thus found to extend the shelf life by 7 days compared with control (12.85 days). Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1143-1149, 2021 (December)

Abstract Synthetic insecticides are still widely used in gardens and greenhouses of ornamental crops to reduce populations of insect pests and preserve flower quality. The improper and unwise use of synthetic insecticides has caused various negative impacts on humans, insect pests, and the environment. Therefore, the quest for unharmed insecticides and environmentally friendly is being sought. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of botanical insecticide formulation of neem and citronella oil to control long-tailed mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus. Four insecticide concentrations of neem, citronella oil and its mixtures (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 per cent) were tested for their effectiveness by adding each with Latron at 0.5% as an emulsifier. Bioassays were performed in the laboratory by spraying insecticides on Phalaenopsis leaves infested with P. longispinus groups of one size class, mostly represented by the third instar nymphs. The results revealed that all insecticides tested caused mortality after 24 hours. The combination of neem and citronella in 1.5% provided adequate protection by reducing P. longispinus populations by up to 86%. Thus, botanical insecticides can be recommended as a viable alternative to synthetic insecticides against P. longispinus which infested orchids.

In citronella oil extraction process by steam distillation, inefficient use of steam is the main cause of excessive energy consumption that affects energy cost and oil yield. This research is aimed to reduce the energy cost and increase the oil yield by studying the steam used in the process. The proposed method is the three-stage extraction model combined with the Data Envelopment Analysis developed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (DEA-CCR model). Although the three-stage extraction model has been widely used, there is no research integrate this model with DEA-CCR model. It is well known that DEA-CCR model is an effective tool to evaluate efficiency of decision making units/alternatives. The advantages of this research were presented as the calculation of the optimum distillation conditions, including the steam flow rate and the distillation time, were achieved as discussed in this article. The study was comprised of 3 parts. Firstly, the three-stage extraction model for citronella oil was formulated. Secondly, the results of the proposed model were calculated under different conditions, classified by steam flow rates from 5,000 to 60,000 cm3/min for the distillation period of 15–180 min. Finally, the DEA-CCR model was utilized to evaluate and rank alternatives. The results expressed that the best condition for producing citronella oil was at the steam flow rate of 40,000 cm3/min and the distillation time of 60 min. The optimal energy cost and percentage of oil yield were equal to 0.440 kWh/mL and 0.7%, respectively. When comparing to the experimental results, the percentage error of optimal energy cost and oil yield were slightly different, with a value of 0.98% and 0.85%, respectively. Moreover, the energy consumption was also reduced by 34.6% compared to the traditional operating conditions.

<p>The <em>Aedes aegypti</em> mosquito can develop an immune system against the insecticide used. Control efforts with the use of insecticides are no longer effective if the target insects have become resistant. So there needs to be an effort to overcome the insect resistance that is targeted. Citronella grass is an herbal plant that can be used as an ingredient in vegetable pesticides. The leaves and stems are distilled to produce essential oil known as citronella oil. This research is about studying the effects of citronella oil against the resistance of the vector carrier for dengue fever, namely <em>Aedes aegypti. </em>The detection of citronella essential oil (<em>Cymbopogon nardus</em> L.) by Thin Layer Chromatography showed a reduction in UV₂₅₄ visualization (Rf 0,68). The resistance test showed that the mortality percentage of adult mosquitoes <em>Aedes aegypti</em> exposed to 0.03% alphacymethrin was 73,7% resistant criteria (&lt;90%). The mortality percentage of adult mosquitoes <em>Aedes aegypti</em> exposed to Alphacypermethrin (0,03%) and citronella oil was 2,5% each; 5%; 7,5% and 10% with treatment time 15 respectively, namely 18,7%, 50,7%, 70,7% and 82,7%; the treatment time of 30 minutes consecutively is 62,7%, 89,3%, 96% and 97,3% and the treatment time is 60 minutes respectively, namely 93,3%, 98,7%, 98,7% and 100%. There was an increase in the percentage of mosquito deaths exposed to the combination of alphacypermethrin and citronella oil, compared to those without citronella oil, this indicates that mosquitoes are more susceptible and resistance has decreased due to exposure to citronella oil. <strong></strong></p>

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Citronella Oil therapy dalam menurunkan kecemasan ibu hamil resiko tinggi di Desa Kuok. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian dengan metode quasi experiment dengan rancangan one group pre- test-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh ibu hamil risiko tinggi yang mengalami kecemasan di desa kuok. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 29 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat. Analisa bivariat menggunakan uji statistik uji T-test dependen yaitu uji dua mean dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh citronella oil theraphy terhadap penurunan kecemasan ibu hamil risiko tinggi di desa Kuok wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kuok. Diharapkan agar tenaga kesehatan dapat mengimplementasikan penggunaan citronella oil therapy dalam mengatasi kecemasan yang dialami oleh ibu hamil

In this PKM program, our partner is residents in Rungkut Barata, Surabaya, East Java Province. This community has generated the production of citronella oil. However, the product only in the form of citronella oil in a simple package. Citronella oil from the refining process is one of the jobs for the people in Rungkut Barata where to improve welfare, a product diversification process is necessary. Seaweed is forms of algae that grow in the sea and has the biological activity for health. Carrageenan is the product result of seaweed extraction that have several function as thickener, emulsifier, suspension, and stabilizer. The pharmaceutical industry uses carrageenan for the manufacture of drugs, syrups, tablets, toothpaste, and shampoo. The cosmetics industry uses it as a gelling agent or binding agent. Based on interviews and observations in the field, there are 2 main focuses of the problems currently faced by partners, namely: 1) lack of knowledge about non-consumption seaweed and 2) product diversification of seaweed and citronella oil which have an added value. Some of the things planned by the PKM team are innovating citronella oil to be aromatic soap as well as providing training and mentoring for financial analysis, soap packaging and marketing. The purpose of this activity is to transfer knowledge of making soap, develop the creativity of the partner, increase the soap production and improve the welfare of the partner. This activity was realized with an approach in the form of making a sustainable cooperation program until the end of PKM, creating a family atmosphere between the two and understanding that the problems experienced were a shared problem so that they could be solved together according to the level of responsibility to achieve the expected benefits, namely increased yields, production and productivity and competitiveness, independence and welfare of the community.

One of the problems in papaya cultivation is the high attack of pests and diseases. The mealybug, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is currently found to attack papaya plants. The infestation of mealybugs greatly affects the yield and quality of fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of citronella oil on mealybugs on papaya plants. The study for the observation of mortality and fecundity used a Randomized Block Design (RAK), with 4 treatment levels of citronella oil concentration, namely 0 (control), 0.5 mL/L, 1 mL/L and 2 mL/L. Observation parameters included preference level of papaya mealybugs on the aroma of citronella oil, repellency, fecundity and mortality of mealybugs, with the application of citronella oil. The results showed that citronella oil has the potential to be used to control papaya mealybugs. The application of citronella oil at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 mL/L showed repellent activity against mealybugs, reducing fecundity and causing mortality. The higher the concentration of citronella oil applied, the more potential to control mealybugs. However, the application of citronella oil must be considered for its impact on plants. Too high a concentration can cause toxicity to plants. Keywords: Citronella oil, mealybug, papaya   ABSTRAK Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya pepaya adalah tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit. Kutu putih, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococidae) saat ini ditemukan banyak menyerang tanaman pepaya. Infestasi hama kutu putih sangat berpengaruh terhadap produksi dan kualitas buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi minyak serai wangi terhadap kutu putih pada tanaman pepaya. Penelitian untuk pengamatan mortalitas dan keperidian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 4 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 0,5 mL/L, 1 mL/L dan 2 mL/L. Parameter pengamatan meliputi preferensi (tingkat kesukaan) hama kutu putih pepaya terhadap aroma minyak serai wangi, daya repelensi, keperidian, serta tingkat kematian (mortalitas) hama kutu putih dengan pemberian minyak sereh wangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak sereh wangi berpotensi digunakan untuk pengendalian hama kutu putih pepaya. Aplikasi minyak sereh wangi pada konsentrasi 0.5, 1 dan 2 mL/L menunjukkan aktivitas repelen (penolak) terhadap kutu putih, menurunkan angka keperidian dan menyebabkan kematian (mortalitas). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi yang diaplikasikan, semakin berpotensi mengendalikan hama kutu putih. Namun, aplikasi minyak serai wangi harus diperhatikan dampaknya pada tanaman. Konsentrasi terlalu tinggi bisa menyebabkan toksisitas pada tanaman. Kata kunci: Kutu putih, minyak sereh wangi, pepaya

This research studies the process of extracting citronella oil by the steam-hydro distillation method with microwaves (microwave). In addition, study the effect of temperature (105 ͦ C, 110 ͦ C, 115 ͦ C) and the size of the material enumeration (0.5 cm; 1 cm; 1.5 cm) on the yield of oil produced. This research was conducted by the steam-hydro distillation method. In this method a solvent is added in the form of water to dissolve the oil in the fragrant lemongrass stems and leaves. The resulting steam is condensed and then distillate in the form of a mixture of oil and water is taken after 120 minutes and separated using a separating  funnel. From the results of the study, it was found that the% yield of high citronella oil in the variable size of the enumeration material was 0.5 cm at a temperature of 115 with a yield of 1.92%. The content of Citronella obtained in the oil of this research is 59.28%. The density of lemongrass oil is 0.875. The refractive index value is obtained in the range of 1.46735- 1.46925.Keywords :  Essential Oil, Fragrant, Steam-hydro Distilation, Microwave