identity crises
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This paper aims to discuss South African youths living in democratic South Africa, it will look critically on the youth definition and, highlight a brief outlook on the youth and society in the African context. It will look African youths as centre of social interfaces and revolution, due to their role in in different structures, culture, sacraments, and social movement. Moreover, it will examine the Born Free generation is an attempt to trigger a dialogue necessary to challenge youth identity crises, youth disparities in education, housing, health care and employment opportunities. Lastly, this paper will look closer on conditions facing young Blacks in today’s South Africa in relation to identity crisis, challenges and opportunities of today’s youths.

Northern Ireland owes its existence to a partition of Ireland that took place a century ago. The knottiest problems involved in the UK’s recent divorce with the European Union can be traced back not only to the Belfast Agreement of 1998 but also to the establishment of a new border, and a new borderland, in the island of Ireland in 1922. The same year (1922) saw the coming into effect of a partition of Upper Silesia, which was triggered by the events and political decisions taken in 1921. The primary focus of this essay is on literary representations of crises and anxieties connected with the transformations of the geopolitical statuses of the two provinces (i.e. Northern Ireland and Upper Silesia) and selected historical, political and cultural parallels between them. Those anxieties are exemplified and illustrated by the leading characters of Glenn Patterson’s Where Are We Now? (2020) and Szczepan Twardoch’s Pokora (2020). Both novels yield to provincial readings that explore basic aporias of uprootedness, displacement, deterritorialization and identity crises, collectively identified here as borderland anxieties. In consequence, transnational and postnational perspectives that emerge from Patterson’s and Twardoch’s works count as proactive responses, encoded in literary texts, to current geopolitical crises in Europe.

In the late eighteenth century the colony moved on to rail, bridges, cash crops, and new laws to expand its structure. They developed cash crops centered on the Western Continuum Mountains and multiplied their business economy. Various ethnic groups were brought from the plains and settled in the mountains to create this structure. The land ethnics faced various hardships when they are adopting to the hill environment. Another dimension of the struggle faced by the tribes is to adopt and live in the mountains, by that situation British continued to conquer the south. These have been written as fictions by various writers. Here the study takes into account how the fictions of colonial-centric politics are recorded. After discussing these, theory of post colonialism forms this article.

BACKGROUND: Family support for adolescent mothers is vital in making breastfeeding decisions and sustaining the feeding since many of these women struggle with identity crises. Therefore, it is essential to synthesize qualitative evidence about the types of family support provided to these young women. AIM: This study aims to identify, synthesize, and recognize the qualitative evidence of family support for successful breastfeeding among teen mothers. METHODS: A systematic review of qualitative studies was identified in six electronic databases published from 2000 to 2020. The quality of the reviewed studies was checked using The Critical Appraisal Skills Programs. The data were extracted by two investigators and analyzed using thematic analysis with three steps: coding the text line-by-line, developing the descriptive themes, and generating the analytical themes. RESULTS: This review includes eight eligible studies. The review founds that family significantly affect the success of breastfeeding practices among adolescent mothers through their appraisal, instrumental, emotional, and informational support. The family strengthens the adolescence’s breastfeeding decisions and confidence, provide financial assistance, share positive breastfeeding information and experience, encourage them to continue the feeding and motivate theme to pursue their study. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding a baby and becoming a mother at a young age is not an easy process and need family support for a successful feeding. Health care professionals should actively involve the family in supporting adolescent mothers to breastfeed their babies optimally.

Abstract The status of being a Muslim minority in a non-Muslim country has obtained public and international attention with the consequence of globalization and immigration in the contemporary world. The increasing rate of immigration to the United States after the 1980s resulted in a new identity that mainly includes two main ingredients: Muslim identity and American identity. Especially, the following generation of the first immigrants has unexpectedly confronted the issue of an identity crisis ensuing from the simultaneous belonging to American and Muslim identities. With permanent settlement and acquiring American citizenship, Muslim Americans have shouldered dual responsibilities and duties. Occasionally, the dual identity of Muslim Americans has resulted in clashes between the religious and citizenship responsibilities. The Fiqh Council of North America (FCNA), a voluntarily established fatwā institution, tries to find Islamic legal solutions to that of American Muslims’ paradoxical predicaments. In the light of particular fatwās (legal opinion) issued by the FCNA, this paper will analyse how the identity crises of Muslim Americans are resolved; which Islamic legal methodologies are predominantly deployed to obliterate the mundane and religious paradoxes of those Muslim Americans; and whether the preponderance is given to American identity or Muslim identity by the FCNA.

The challenges that military adolescents face, including frequent relocations, pose potential risks to their identity development. The central aim of this study is to understand the impact that frequent relocations have on the identity development of highly mobile military adolescents. Military adolescents between the ages of 16 and 18 years were interviewed. An interpretive phenomenological design was employed to inform the interview and analytic approach. An inductive approach using humanistic interpretation through Hermeneutic circles was conducted. Four overarching themes were identified, including self-perception in the world, building relationships, overwhelming emotions, and fostering healthy transitions. Several subthemes developed and gave rise to common adolescent experiences. Military adolescents facing frequent relocations experience a series of identity crises that are often masked in daily life and kept secret from peers and family. Healthy transitions require the adolescent and family to openly and repeatedly explore the impact of relocations on the inner and social life of adolescents. This study calls for future research on the military adolescent-provider relationship to explore how to better help meet the needs of this population from a health care standpoint.

This paper explores Taslima Nasrin’s novel Lajja from the perspective of intersectionality through the portrayal of female characters as religion and patriarchy have subjugated them in Bangladesh. Intersectionality crystalizes the dynamics of female issues regarding the tutelage that society and other institutions create for them. In the novel, the author tries to reflect these issues of intersectionalty regarding freedom of expression for both women and people in minorities and the problem of identity crises they suffer. Likewise, the religious as well as political conflicts impede the minorities group to feel liberate and find their identity. The reason behind this can be justified because the novel was banned and a fatwa was issued against Nasrin. Mainly, the focus is on how the religious and social confinements for the women and people from marginalized group made their voices unheard. This situation makes women rebel against male chauvinism and religious fanatics. As a qualitative review article, it reviews some articles relevant to Nasrin and her novel as secondary sources, her novel as primary source applying an intersectional approach, through the study of feminism and religious fanaticism as methodological tools.

To foster character education in Indonesia, research on the role of social capital has become an urgent issue because character crisis is one of the growing concerns and recent stunning news stakes. National identity crises have shown anti-cultural behavior, anti-character, and less use of domestic social capital blatantly. This research aims to describe the role of social capital that determines the implementation of character education through Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s perspectives. This qualitative research was designed as a case study using purposive sampling with individual resources such as headmaster, teacher, student representatives, school committee, parents, foundation management, and school supervisor. This research was conducted at Tamansiswa Primary School, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from November 2017 to January 2018. The research result shows that the social capital role determines the implementation of character education, and in Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s perspective, character education has been applied in all learning processes. Both intra-curricular and extracurricular activities support the school culture, and the family system is an integral part of habituation and exemplary character inculcation at school, family, and societal levels through mutual love, respect, assistance, and help. The obliged elements of social capital in embodying character education are trust, norm, and network.

The present study is based in a departure from the currently abounding academic researches into contemporary Pakistani English novel exploring the cultural and religious identity crises of the local and diasporic Pakistani characters in the wake of 9/11 which constitute a single, superstructure-related segment of the aggregate social reality. The present research aims to bring to the fore a holistic and progressive strain within this corpus. Formulating a theoretical paradigm out of Marxist literary criticism as expounded in the seminal works of Leon Trotsky and K. Damodaran, the study thematically scrutinizes the narrative of Night of the Golden Butterfly (2010) by Tariq Ali for a realistic depiction of the socio-economic and political conditions of present-day Pakistan, and the delineation of the multiple spheres of life such as the economic, political, institutional, moral and intellectual as interconnected components of the composite unit of society. The study also appraises the novel for the representation of a vision for better collective future and suggestiveness in relation to the means and modes for a radical transformation of the social order.