motor control system
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Abstract Background Electric isolation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) can successfully treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Isolation of pulmonary veins can be achieved by several methods: radiofrequency, cryoballoon or laser balloon ablation (LBA). The main procedural challenge with either method is to achieve a continuous circumferential lesion at the left atrium-PVs junction, with the persistence of functional gaps. Purpose A novel endoscopic ablation system equipped with a precise motor control system (MCS) has been evaluated. The balloon is used with an endoscope to directly visualize and ablate tissue at the left atrial-PVs junction with laser energy. This system enables uninterrupted, high-speed, circumferential lesion creation under direct control of the physician. The MCS is intended to reduce procedure time and to ensure continuity of ablation lesions. The feasibility of the motorized ablation in terms of extent of applicability along each PV-left atrium junction and time of use of the manual point-by-point mode has been investigated. Methods 27 consecutive patients (male 70.3%, age 61.2±8.7 years) with paroxysmal or persistent AF who underwent LBA were enrolled in our institution. Exclusion criteria were any contraindication for the procedure including the presence of intracavitary thrombosis and contraindications to general anesthesia or deep sedation. After transseptal puncture, the balloon-based endoscopic ablation system was advanced to each PV ostium, and laser energy were projected onto the target. Results A total of 110 PVs were treated with LBA; in 9 patients there was a redundant right intermediate pulmonary vein; in 4 patients there was a right common ostium and in 2 a left common ostium. MCS was used for 82 PVs (74.5%): in particular, MCS was used continuously between 180° and 325° degrees (50 to 90% of PV circumference) for 35 PVs (31.8%) and between 326° and 359° degrees (91 to 99% of PV circumference) for 25 veins (22.7%). In 13 PVs (12%) MCS was used for the entire circumference. During 8508 (19.6%) seconds out of a total of 43.368 seconds, laser energy delivery occurred in the rapid mode by MCS. No clinical complications, either local or systemic (stroke or TIA, pericardial effusion, pericardial tamponade, pulmonary vein stenosis, esophageal injury, temporary or permanent phrenic nerve palsy), were observed neither during the use of MSC nor during the use of manual point-by-point mode. Of note, a pinhole rupture of the balloon occurred in 3 cases of our series, during the use of MCS, without harm to the patient and requiring only replacement of the LBA. Conclusions In our case series, laser balloon ablation with the help of motor control system appears safe and feasible in most cases for large portions of pulmonary vein circumference, providing considerable time sparing (74.5% of total ablation extent in 19.6% of total ablation time). FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The study of the dynamic characteristics of two- and three-engine thyristor electric motors with constant current, in the case of a multi-motor control system, taking into account the elasticity of mechanical shafts are reviewed in this article. Such multimotor control systems are widely used in metallurgical production. For example, in sheet rolling mills, where in the mechanical part there are moments of significant dynamic curvature. The paper also reviews the functional and structural schemes of a cohesive multi-engine system. In the case of a multi-motor touring electric motor system, the structural scheme of a two-engine drive was studied in order to determine the correct load distribution. The study was conducted using a computer program - MATALAB using 150 kW and 300 kW engines. A Kalman filter-like observation device is used to quench the binding oscillations generated in the system. The quality indicators obtained from the transient mode studies are close to the optimal parameters, so the considered system is suitable for multi-motor rolling mills.

Modern technology today, especially in the world of technology Robots are developing very rapidly. Many developed countries are competing and vying to make increasingly sophisticated robots. In Indonesia, robots have also begun to develop. Developments in the field of robotics are also able to have a positive impact in the industrial sector. One example is the process of moving an item/object from one place to another. This study aims to test the motion system, namely a DC motor that functions as a motor for carrying goods. The method used is input from commands given by the user via a smartphone with voice access. As an intermediary, a bluetooth connection is used so that commands can be sent from a smartphone to the control circuit. The controller used is the AVR type, namely atmega 328 on the Arduino Uno board. At the output, there are relays and current amplifiers that function as motor drivers. The user will give orders via a smartphone where on the smartphone runs an application, namely a voice to text converter. The application will convert the human voice into text and send via bluetooth to the controller. The Arduino controller will identify the command code and execute it, namely controlling the robot's motion in the direction desired by the user, for example forward, backward left and right or towards a predetermined point.