ship management
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In order to leave a livable world to future generations, the elimination of environmental pollution, which is one of the important dimensions of sustainability, increases its importance every day. Undoubtedly, among the factors that cause environmental pollution, the role of ships is quite high. The seas are also polluted by the routine operation of ships as well as marine accidents. Pollution arising from the routine operations of ships is caused by the discharge of pollutants such as ballast water, bilge water, sludge or garbage into the sea. In addition, emissions from ships and oil and fuel pollution caused by the routine operation of ships also play an important role in environmental pollution. In this study, the phenomena resulting from the routine operations of ships and causing environmental pollution were examined using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, and the perceptions of ship operators towards environmental pollution were tried to be determined.

COVID-19 is spreading out in the world now. Passenger ships such as cruise ships are very critical in this situation. Boats’ hazardous areas need to be identified in advance and managed carefully to prevent the virus. Therefore, this paper proposes for the first time that three technologies are required to support the sustainable management of ships in the post-COVID-19 era. They are ship indoor positioning, close contact identification, and risk area calculation. Ship environment-aware indoor positioning algorithms are proposed for the first time for the moving ship environment, followed by a clustering algorithm for close contact identification. Then, the risk area is calculated using the convex hull algorithm. Finally, a sustainable management approach for ships post COVID-19 is proposed.

In 2018, a German- Dutch project consortium under the scientific direction of the Emden/Leer University of Applied Sciences retrofitted and commissioned the latest rotor development of the Eco-Flettner type on the test ship Fehn Pollux of the Leer-based shipping company Fehn Ship Management. Main design features are both upper and lower endplates with large diameter for improved aerodynamic performance and modular manufacturing. The retrofitting concept is groundbreaking in terms of easy transferability to other ships. Upscaling to a significant share of the world merchant fleet could make a substantial and realizable contribution to climate protection in the short term and potentially reduced transport costs in the long term. The most frequently asked question in connection with modern sail drives is about the performance potential and the associated fuel savings. Transparent performance data is required to enable an economic prognosis for the use of Flettner rotors on ships. The Faculty of Maritime Sciences at Emden/ Leer University of Applied Sciences has developed an automatic control and monitoring system for Flettner rotors that also records extensive operating and environmental data. The data shows that all previous assumptions and model calculations are basically correct. With regard to the performance potential, the first series of measurements show even higher rotor forces compared with model calculations. This is a further benefit for Flettner rotor efficiency and could help the technology achieve a breakthrough as a building block for low-emission shipping.

Abstract Tension devices -are throwing devices, the action of which is based on the elastic tension of the plates (shoulders), in fact, these are bows and crossbows. Currently, various types of bows and crossbows controlled by a single shooter are widely used in hunting and sports. In the ancient World, high-power crossbows were used as artillery, served by several warriors: ballistae, scorpions and others. In the paper, bows and crossbows of all currently common types are modeled using mathematical methods. This model, which is the subject of this paper, differs from similar ones, which actually model only traditional English bows. All these models have the main purpose of analytical calculation of the speed of the arrow at the moment of its separation from the bowstring. Our model uses the law of conservation of energy, considering only the initial and final moments of acceleration of the arrow. It identifies 2-4 implicit indicators that fully describe each type of tension devices. To obtain input data, 2-3 experimental shots are made with 1-2 parameters measured each time. As a result, the calculations are reduced to solving systems of linear equations and to calculations using formulas. The paper offers 3 areas of application of tension devices on water transport, firstly, ship management and its operational repair (for this purpose, analogues of ancient powerful crossbows are relevant), secondly, protection of the ship, cargo, anti-terrorism, and thirdly, physical education and sports for the crew and passengers. The use is due to their fire safety, power, low noise, a variety of types of projectiles.

Maritime operations include potential human-made hazards. For this reason, evaluating human-made hazards for cost-effective ship management is of vital importance in the maritime industry. From past to present, researchers have attempted to offer preventive approaches to minimise human-made hazards. In this context, the present article proposes a hybrid approach through the integration of the Delphi, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) methods. With this approach, human-made claims occurring during the handling and transport of steel cargo in bulk carriers were analysed. The outputs of the present article contribute to the improvement of overall safety levels of steel cargo and bulk carriers by considering the potential hazards in risk management.

Abstract The advancement of communication technologies including satellites has been conducive to the ever-evolving ship management. The increasing needs for the accident prevention and the optimized shipping lead to a wide range of methods of ship management using the telecom systems onboard ships. Future ships including smart-ships will be equipped with telecom systems capable of dealing with the ship management and operation in collaboration with land stations. Yet, currently, the development and application of telecom systems onboard ships are nearly at standstill due to the maritime regulations set out decades ago which limit the technological development and translate new technologies as costly investments. Unlike the technological advancement of land-based telecom systems, the existing telecom systems onboard ships have not been integrated until now but installed and operated separately on board ships. Beyond new and/or reinforced features, future ships should consider both scalable and operational aspects. In the future, telecom systems onboard ships will manage all ship-related data and play pivotal roles in controlling ships anywhere in the world. In that respect, it is crucial to integrate the discrete communication systems for stability and efficiency of telecom systems onboard ships. The integration of telecom systems onboard ships will facilitate the availability of futuristic technologies such as unmanned vessels and maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS). This paper proposes a method of designing an e-telecom system integrating the existing telecom systems onboard ships. Despite the proposed e-telecom system’s slower performance in latency resulting from additional devices, the results of the present experiment prove that there is no significant difference in its latency in data processing in comparison to the 
existing telecom system.

The culture diversity in the working environment of Holland America Cruise Line caused by the multicultural and multinational crews. The purpose of the research is to analyze the culture diversity, communication, teamwork performance on board the cruise ship as well as to analyze the communication as the mediator to link the culture diversity and the teamwork performance in working environment of Holland America Cruise Line. The research involved 110 cruise ship crews as specific respondents and using qualitative method with purposive sampling questionnaire method. The primary data is collected based on questionnaires and the interviews session with the respondents while the secondary data is obtained by literature study and from the previous researchs. The result of this research find that communication is the most important factor to link the culture diversity and teamwork performance in the working environment of Holland America Cruise Line and the cruise ship management is expected to be able to help the crews ship to understand the cross-cultural before working on board and while working on board the cruise ship so this will able to support smooth operation of the cruise ship.