coconut water
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The present study was planned to enable in vitro conservation of Vanda testacea, a highly medicinal orchid species through in vitro asymbiotic seed germination technique in Mitra orchid medium supplemented with cytokinins (Kn - 4.65 μM, BAP - 4.44 μM), and auxin (NAA- 5.37 μM). The germination frequency and initiation of germination was higher in NAA augmented medium and seedlings developed in 12.50 ± 0.50 weeks. Coconut water (20%) proved optimum for the multiplication of protocorm like bodies. Activated charcoal successfully checked the release of brownish exudates in the cultures. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 31(2): 153-160, 2021 (December)

<p>Perbanyakan tanaman secara vegetatif menggunakan teknik sambung pucuk dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menghasilkan benih yang bermutu. Namun, masalah yang sering terjadi pada sambung pucuk adalah kegagalan sambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis zat pengatur tumbuh, jumlah daun entres, dan kombinasi perlakuan yang memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap keberhasilan sambung pucuk durian. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2018 sampai Januari 2019 di Desa Alasmalang, Kemranjen, Banyumas. Percobaan yang dilakukan merupakan percobaan pot dengan rancangan faktorial. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah kombinasi antara zat pengatur tumbuh (kontrol, ekstrak tauge, air kelapa, IBA, dan BAP) dan jumlah daun entres (2, 4, dan 6 helai). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan 15 perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan ZPT IBA dan BAP memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas sambung pucuk tanaman durian, yaitu sebesar 2,711 dan 2,822 dan perlakuan jumlah daun entres dua helai memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap waktu pecah tunas, jumlah tunas, dan pertambahan jumlah daun sambung pucuk tanaman durian, yaitu sebesar 2,3 helai.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Sambung pucuk durian; Daun entres; Zat pengatur tumbuh</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Vegetative propagation of plants using shoot grafting can be used as an alternative to produce quality seeds. The problem that often occours in top grafting is the failure to graft. This experiment aims to obtain the type of plant growth regulator, the number of scion’s leaves, and the combination that give the best results for growth of top grafting in durian. The research was conducted in November 2018 to January 2019 in Alasmalang Village, Kemranjen, Banyumas. The experiment was a pot experiment with a factorial design. The treatment was a combination of growth regulator (control, bean extract, coconut water, IBA, and BAP) and number of scion leaves (2, 4, and 6 strands). The research design used was a RCBD with 15 treatments and three replications. The results showed that the treatment of PGR IBA and BAP had a significant effect on the number of grafted shoots of durian plants, namely 2.711 and 2.822 and the treatment of the number of leaves of two leaves had a significant effect on shoot break time, the number of shoots and the increase in the number of grafted leaves of durian plants, namely amounting to 2.3 strands.</p>

Introdução: Água de coco é a bebida não diluída, não fermentada, obtida da parte líquida do fruto do coqueiro, por meio de processo tecnológico adequado. O coco é uma das frutas mais populares do Brasil, no país o fruto tem utilização agroindustrial e culinária, através do albúmen sólido e também em sua forma in natura. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os teores de açúcares, sal (cloreto de sódio) e sódio em amostras de águas de coco in natura e industrializadas e compará-las com o descrito na legislação, assim como, as industrializadas com a rotulagem nutricional.  Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo analítico do tipo experimental qualitativo e quantitativo. Realizando análises de glicídios redutores em glicose e glicídios não redutores em sacarose, glicídios totais, cloreto de sódio e sódio. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software estatístico R versão 3.4.1. Resultados: Verificou-se com o estudo que em relação a legislação, todas as amostras de água de coco (in natura e industrializadas) estavam dentro dos padrões vigentes para todas as análises realizadas, contudo, as rotulagens nutricionais não apresentaram os valores condizentes com os valores das análises e apresentaram quantidade superiores de açúcar em comparação com as águas in natura. Conclusão: Destacando a importância dos rótulos pois eles oferecem informações nutricionais, dos ingredientes utilizados na fabricação, para melhor escolha do produto.   Coconut water is the undiluted, unfermented beverage obtained from the liquid part of the coconut tree fruit, through an appropriate technological process. Coconut is one of the most popular fruits in Brazil, in the country the fruit has agro-industrial and culinary use, through solid albumen and also in its in natura form. The present study aimed to evaluate the contents of sugars, salt (sodium chloride) and sodium in samples of fresh and industrialized coconut waters and compare them with those described in the legislation, as well as those industrialized with nutritional labeling. An analytical study of qualitative and quantitative experimental type was carried out. Performing analyses of reducing glycides in glucose and non-reducing glycides in sucrose, total glycides, sodium chloride and sodium. Statistical software R version 3.4.1 was used for data analysis. It was verified with the study that in relation to the legislation, all samples of coconut water (fresh and industrialized) were within the current standards for all analyses performed, however, nutritional labels did not present the values consistent with the values of the analyses and presented higher amounts of sugar compared to fresh waters. Highlighting the importance of labels because they offer nutritional information, of the ingredients used in manufacturing, for better product choice.

In the present study, authors propagated Sophora tonkinensisGagnep plants using stem nodal culture. The results indicated that on MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 5.5 g/l agar, 200 ml/l coconut water, 1 g/l activated charcoal, 0.75 mg/l TDZ shoots proliferated from stem segments have the best count and height of shoots. The most appropriate medium for multiplication of shoots was the MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 5.5 g/l agar, 200 ml/l coconut water, 1 g/l activated charcoal, 0.75 mg/l TDZ, 0.5 mg/l IBA, 2.0 g/l peptone, 30 g/l carrot puree, pH 5.5 with the results of 20.60 shoots/explant, shoot height of 3.75 cm and 4.6 leaves/shoot after 8 weeks of culture. Root formation of shoots carried out on the MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 5.5 g/l agar, 200 ml/l coconut water, 1 g/l activated charcoal, 1.0 mg/l αNAA gave the best result. In the nursery, a mixture of humus + coconut fiber powder (70:30 ratio) was regarded as the best substrate due to the high survival rate of plantlets (92%) and healthy plantlets (10.30 cm high with 7.2 leaves and 4.3 new roots/a plantlet) at 10 weeks after planting

[SWEET CORN EXTRACT AND COCONUT WATER EFFECT TO INDUCE GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) ADVENTIST SHOOTS BY IN-VITRO CULTURE]. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the horticultural plants used daily for various uses. This study aims to determine the best extract concentration of sweet corn and coconut water and its interaction for induction garlic Adventist shoots (Allium sativum L.) var. Lumbu Hijau. The study was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, UPN ”Veteran” East Java, in February – April 2021. The experimental design used was a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor is four levels of extract of sweet corn concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 g/L), while the second factor is four levels of coconut water concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 mL/L). The results showed that the extract of sweet corn concentration-time treatment increased the growing adventist shoots percentage, adventist shoots number, and adventist shoots size. The section of sweet corn concentration of 150 g/L increased the rate of growing adventist shoots, adventist shoots number, and adventist shoots size. The treatment of coconut water concentration and its interaction with the extract of sweet corn concentration is still not able for induction garlic adventist shoots (Allium sativum L.) of the var. Lumbu Hijau.

AbstractMorels are gourmet wild edible mushrooms that can grow on several substrates with significant growth rate variations. Such variations have hindered the development of a standardized culture media to promote morel’s sustainable production. The aim of this study is developing a novel culture media that takes advantage of coconut water as a complementary component of culture media. Coconut water has been extensively used as a growth-promoting component for plant tissue cultures; however, its application as component of fungi cultivation medium has not been fully developed. This study confirms that coconut water can be efficiently used as culture media component for morels using a kinetic characterization. Morchella sp. kinetic growth is evaluated in different cultures: agar, malt extract agar (MEA), lactose, coconut water (15%) and combinations of them. Kinetic growth parameters (lag phase, λ and maximum specific growth rate, µmax) are estimated using primary modeling methods. Among the selected models, the best fit is achieved using Baranyi’s model. A significant increase from 15.8% to 43.4% of the µmax values was observed when culture media (agar, lactose, MEA) is supplemented with coconut water. The largest values of µmax are obtained in MEA-coconut cultures (21.13 ± 0.43–22.57 ± 0.35). Micro-sclerotia and late sclerotia are observed in all cultures containing coconut water justifying the development of a feasible and cost-effective way of culturing morels. The results demonstrate that coconut water can be used for formulation of standard media for morel cultivation leading to a cheap alternative to produce dense mycelium and promote sclerotia formation.

<p><em>West Sumatra is one producing coffee area in Indonesia a significant contribution to economy in Indonesian, because production coffee in West Sumatra unstable, it is necessary to expand the area. The propagation plants coffee is carried out in generative manner and needs be optimized with treating gibberellin hormone and water temperature to germination stage of coffee seeds.</em><em>Th</em><em>e </em><em>research</em><em> </em><em>conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory</em><em> </em><em>Faculty</em><em> </em><em>A</em><em>g</em><em>iculture, Andalas University from</em><em> Mei</em><em> to</em><em> Agust</em><em> 202</em><em>1</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Measurement parameters were germination rate (days), normal germination (%), abnormal germination (%) and dead seeds (%). </em><em>The results of observations of germination rate (days), normal germination (%) and abnormal germination (%) showed a significant effect. While the data had no significant effect on the observation of dead seeds (%) in the treatment of gibberellin hormone concentration and treatment of water types, which in the observation of normal sprouts was the highest, namely in the treatment of 400 ppm gibberellin hormone concentration with coconut water (G4J3) of 86.67% and on seed observation. The highest death rate was treatment (G1J2), which was 33.33%. </em></p>