instrumental development
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The purpose of the article  is to determine the historical origins of vocal-instrumental performance from ancient times to the present day, in revealing the influence of some prominent personalities on the further development of vocal and instrumental art and the selection of famous modern ensembles, which are the face of the late XX-early XXI century. Methodology. The research methodology is based on methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative method, method of historicism, and interpretation. The combination of such a technological process makes it possible to more fully disclose the research topic. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of the material on the development of vocal-instrumental performance in Ukraine from its origins to the beginning of the XXI century and the substantiation of the originality of performance in different historical circumstances. Conclusions. Performance as an aspect of the synthesis of the arts over the centuries has had various forms of self-expression. It developed in the conditions of real events, improved according to time, and acquired certain advantages at the turn of the century in different historical periods of spiritual upsurge. Kobzars, bandura players, chamber-instrumental and vocal-instrumental ensembles have passed a difficult way of professional growth and laid the foundation for further development of performing arts. The formation of the national school and the development of bandura performance in Ukraine took place thanks to the great work of the outstanding composer Mykola Lysenko, which inspired the creative work of Ukrainian artists Hnat Khotkevych, Serhiy Bashtan, and others. In the 70s of the XX century ensembles enriched their concert repertoire with arrangements of Ukrainian folk songs and compositions of outstanding composers of their time. Vocal-instrumental ensemble "DakhaBrakha", born in modern conditions at the beginning of the XXI century (2004) stylistically diversified the direction of its activities, synthesizing folk and contemporary music. Keywords: historical milestones of vocal-instrumental development performance, synthesis of arts, the figure of Gregory Skovoroda as a philosopher, composer and musician, activity of the founder of the national school Mykola Lysenko, bandura performance, Ukrainian group "DakhaBrakha".  

Construction waste (CW) is a prime contributor to the stream of total waste worldwide. One of the biggest challenges of the construction industry is to minimise CW and to develop practices of a more sustainable nature for its management and recycling in order to promote its transition towards a more effective circular economy. The implementation of these practices contributes towards mitigating the scarcity of natural resources and the environmental impact of CW. Thus, a preceding and essential step is the estimation of CW during building design, which will allow the adoption of measures for its early reduction and optimisation. For this purpose, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become a useful methodology to predict waste during the early stages of design. There remains, however, a lack of instrumental development. Therefore, this study proposes a BIM-based method to estimate CW during building design by integrating a consolidated construction waste quantification model in three different BIM platforms. For its validation, the method is applied to the structural system of a Spanish residential building. The results provide evidence that the proposed method is vendor-neutral and enables the automatic identification and quantification of the waste generated by each building element during the design stage in multiple BIM platforms.

Abstract Background: In telenursing, interaction between caller and telenurse is crucial for outcomes such as adherence, safety and satisfaction. There is a recurring demand for improved interaction in telenursing and a lack of measurement scales focusing on caller satisfaction with interaction. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Scale (TISS).Methods: This instrumental development stud was based on cross-sectional data. Callers to the National Medical Advisory Service in Sweden (n=616) completed a 60-item questionnaire, the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Questionnaire (TISQ). Twenty-five of these items were selected to form the TISS. Selected items represent four dimensions of interaction according to the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior; health information, professional-technical competence, affective support and decisional control. Data quality was evaluated in terms of missing data patterns and score distributions. Factor structure of the scale was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity with Spearman correlations, internal consistency with ordinal alpha, scale reliability with composite reliability coefficients, and test-retest reliability with intraclass correlations. Results: The amount of missing data was acceptable and equally distributed. The completeness of data was the highest for the subscale of professional-technical competencies (94%) and the lowest for the TISS total scale (80%). Data deviated significantly from a normal distribution, but all response options were endorsed. The CFA confirmed the hypothesized four-factor structure. Factor loadings ranged from 0.56 to 0.97, and factor correlations were high (0.88-0.96). Internal consistency (ordinal alpha = 0.82-0.97), scale reliability (0.88-0.99) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.77-0.86) were satisfactory for all scales.Conclusion: The TISS holds satisfactory psychometric properties in the study sample. Findings support the use of four sub-scales for measuring caller satisfaction with interaction in telenursing. A total-score can be calculated and used in situations where multi-collinearity is a problem.

AbstractThe classical “one sequence, one structure, one function” paradigm has shaped much of our intuition of how proteins work inside the cell. Partially due to the insight provided by bulk biochemical assays, individual biomolecules are assumed to behave as identical entities, and their characterization relies on ensemble averages that flatten any conformational diversity into a unique phenotype. While the emergence of single-molecule techniques opened the gates to interrogating individual molecules, technical shortcomings typically limit the duration of these measurements to a few minutes, which prevents to completely characterize a protein individual and, hence, to capture the heterogeneity among molecular populations. Here, we introduce a magnetic tweezers design, which showcases enhanced stability and resolution that allows us to measure the folding dynamics of a single protein during several uninterrupted days with a high temporal and spatial resolution. Thanks to this instrumental development, we do a complete characterization of two proteins with a very different force-response: the talin R3IVVI domain and protein L. Days-long recordings on the same single molecule accumulate several thousands of folding transitions sampled with sub-ms resolution, which allows us to reconstruct their free energy landscapes and describe how they evolve with force. By mapping the nanomechanical identity of many different protein individuals, we directly capture their molecular diversity as a quantifiable dispersion on their force response and folding kinetics. Our instrumental development offers a new tool for profiling individual molecules, opening the gates to the characterization of biomolecular heterogeneity.

AbstractThe physics of ferroelectric domain walls is explored using the Bayesian inference analysis of atomically resolved STEM data. We demonstrate that domain wall profile shapes are ultimately sensitive to the nature of the order parameter in the material, including the functional form of Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire expansion, and numerical value of the corresponding parameters. The preexisting materials knowledge naturally folds in the Bayesian framework in the form of prior distributions, with the different order parameters forming competing (or hierarchical) models. Here, we explore the physics of the ferroelectric domain walls in BiFeO3 using this method, and derive the posterior estimates of relevant parameters. More generally, this inference approach both allows learning materials physics from experimental data with associated uncertainty quantification, and establishing guidelines for instrumental development answering questions on what resolution and information limits are necessary for reliable observation of specific physical mechanisms of interest.

Abstract. For the last 25 years, CO-PDD (Cézeaux-Aulnat-Opme-puy de Dôme) has evolved to become a full instrumented platform for atmospheric research. It has received credentials as a national observing platform in France and is internationally recognized as a global station in the GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) network. It is a reference site of European and national research infrastructures ACTRIS (Aerosol Cloud and Trace gases Research Infrastructure) and ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observing System). The site located on top of the puy de Dôme mountain (1465 m a.s.l.) is completed by additional sites located at lower altitudes and adding the vertical dimension to the atmospheric observations: Opme (660 m a.s.l.), Cézeaux (410 m), and Aulnat (330 m). The integration of different sites offers a unique combination of in situ and remote sensing measurements capturing and documenting the variability of particulate and gaseous atmospheric composition, but also the optical, biochemical, and physical properties of aerosol particles, clouds, and precipitations. Given its location far away from any major emission sources, its altitude, and the mountain orography, the puy de Dôme station is ideally located to sample different air masses in the boundary layer or in the free troposphere depending on time of day and seasons. It is also an ideal place to study cloud properties with frequent presence of clouds at the top in fall and winter. As a result of the natural conditions prevailing at the site and of the very exhaustive instrumental deployment, scientific studies at the puy de Dôme strongly contribute to improving knowledge in atmospheric sciences, including the characterization of trends and variability, the understanding of complex and interconnected processes (microphysical, chemical, biological, chemical and dynamical), and the provision of reference information for climate/chemistry models. In this context, CO-PDD is a pilot site to conduct instrumental development inside its wind tunnel for testing liquid and ice cloud probes in natural conditions, or in situ systems to collect aerosol and cloud. This paper reviews 25 years (1995–2020) of atmospheric observation at the station and related scientific research contributing to atmospheric and climate science.

<p>Instrumental development in measurement technique now allows continuous in-situ isotope analysis of <sup>13</sup>CH<sub>4</sub> by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS). Analyses of the isotopic composition of methane in ambient air can potentially be used to partition between different CH<sub>4</sub> source categories.</p><p>Since 2014 a CRDS G2201-i analyser has been used to continuously measure CH<sub>4</sub> and its <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C ratio in ambient air at the Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP) in Heidelberg (116m a.s.l.), South-West Germany. Furthermore, the CRDS G2201-i analyser was installed twice for a month at the measurement station of the German Environment Agency at Schauinsland (1205m a.s.l.). In September 2018 and in February 2019 the analyser was moved to Schauinsland to examine the validity of evaluations of continuous δ<sup>13</sup>CH<sub>4 </sub>measurements at a semi-rural station.</p><p>As an urban station, the seasonal and daily variations of the measured CH<sub>4</sub> mole fraction and isotopic composition in Heidelberg vary much stronger than at the mountain station Schauinsland. The precision of the isotopic source signature calculation using a Keeling plot strongly depends on the CH<sub>4</sub> peak height and instrumental precision. Therefore, at Schauinsland station the lower variability in the CH<sub>4</sub> mole fraction makes the evaluation challenging. Different methods such as monthly/weekly interval evaluations and moving Keeling/Miller Tans methods has been used to calculate the isotopic source signature in ambient air.</p><p>The isotopic methane source signatures of the air in Heidelberg was found to be between -75 ‰ and -35 ‰, with an average of (-54 ± 2) ‰. An annual cycle can be noticed with more depleted values (-56 ‰) in summer and more enriched values (-51 ‰) in winter, due to larger biogenic emissions in summer and more thermogenic (e.g. natural gas) emissions in winter. The mean isotopic source signature calculated at Schauinsland shows variations, too, with more enriched values (−56 ‰) in winter and more depleted (−60 ‰) ones in autumn. The more depleted values in summer/autumn at Schauinsland corresponds to more biogenic methane and can be explained by dairy cows grazing near the station especially during this time.</p><p>The generally more enriched values at Schauinsland are caused by the more rural surrounding. Emission estimates of county provided by the LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg shows that around Schauinsland 60 % of the CH<sub>4</sub> emissions are emitted by livestock farming and around Heidelberg only 28 %. The mean isotopic source signature calculated using these emissions is (-58 ± 2) ‰ for Schauinsland and (-53 ± 2) ‰ for Heidelberg. These results agreed well with the mean source signatures determined out of continuous isotopic measurements.</p>

Abstract. For the last twenty-five years, CO-PDD (Cézeaux-Aulnat-Opme-puy de Dôme) has evolved to become a full instrumented platform for atmospheric research. It is nationally accredited by CNRS, the French national center for scientific research, and recognized as a global station in the GAW network (Global Atmospheric Watch). It is a reference site of the European and national research infrastructures ACTRIS (Aerosol Cloud and Trace gases Research Infrastructure) and ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observing System). The site located on-top of the puy de Dôme mountain (1465 m a.s.l.) is completed by additional sites located at lower altitudes and adding the vertical dimension to the atmospheric observations: Opme (660 m a.s.l.), Cézeaux (410 m) and Aulnat (330 m). On the sites has been developed a unique combination of in-situ and remote sensing measurements capturing and documenting the variability of particulate and gaseous atmospheric composition, but also the optical, biochemical and physical properties of aerosol particles, clouds and precipitations. Given its location far away from any major emission sources, its altitude and the mountain orography, the puy de Dôme station is ideally situated to sample different air masses in the boundary layer or in the free troposphere depending on time of day and seasons. It is also an ideal place to study cloud properties with frequent presence of clouds at the top in autumn and winter. As a result of the natural conditions prevailing at the site and of the very exhaustive instrumental deployment, scientific studies at puy de Dôme strongly contribute to improving the knowledge in atmospheric sciences including the characterization of trends and variability, the understanding of complex and interconnected processes (microphysical, chemical, biological, chemical and dynamical) and providing a reference point for climate models. In this context, CO-PDD is a pilot site to conduct instrumental development inside its wind tunnel for testing liquid/ice cloud probes in natural conditions, or in-situ systems to collect aerosol and cloud. This paper reviews 25 years (1995–2020) of atmospheric observation at the station, and related scientific research contributing to atmospheric and climate science.

Abstract. Hygroscopicity is one of the most important physicochemical properties of aerosol particles and also plays indispensable roles in many other scientific and technical fields. A myriad of experimental techniques, which differ in principles, configurations and cost, are available for investigating aerosol hygroscopicity under subsaturated conditions (i.e., relative humidity below 100 %). A comprehensive review of these techniques is provided in this paper, in which experimental techniques are broadly classified into four categories, according to the way samples under investigation are prepared. For each technique, we describe its operation principle and typical configuration, use representative examples reported in previous work to illustrate how this technique can help better understand aerosol hygroscopicity, and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. In addition, future directions are outlined and discussed for further technical improvement and instrumental development.