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Commutation Techniques 1

This document discusses commutation in power electronic devices. There are two types of commutation: natural commutation which occurs in AC circuits when the SCR turns off naturally due to zero crossing of the supply voltage, and forced commutation which is applied to DC circuits and involves deliberately turning off the SCR using external circuits or elements like inductors and capacitors. Forced commutation techniques include load commutation used in cycloconverters and phase-controlled rectifiers, as well as self-commutation or class A commutation used in choppers and inverters which achieves zero current switching of the SCR through resonant circuits.

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Nataraju Gandla
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6K views

Commutation Techniques 1

This document discusses commutation in power electronic devices. There are two types of commutation: natural commutation which occurs in AC circuits when the SCR turns off naturally due to zero crossing of the supply voltage, and forced commutation which is applied to DC circuits and involves deliberately turning off the SCR using external circuits or elements like inductors and capacitors. Forced commutation techniques include load commutation used in cycloconverters and phase-controlled rectifiers, as well as self-commutation or class A commutation used in choppers and inverters which achieves zero current switching of the SCR through resonant circuits.

Uploaded by

Nataraju Gandla
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE PROCESS OF TURNING ON OR OFF A

POWER ELECTRONIC DEVICE.


Commutation
Process of turning off a conducting
thyristor.
Current Commutation
Voltage Commutation


NATURAL COMMUTATION


FORCED COMMUTATION
~
T
+

v
o
v
s
R
| |
Occurs in AC
circuits
et
et
et
et
Supply voltage v
s
Sinusoidal
Voltage across SCR
Load voltage v
o
Turn off
occurs here
0
0
t
t
2t
2t
3t
3t
o
t
c
Gate Pulse
t+o
o
t+o
AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS.

PHASE CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS.

CYCLO CONVERTERS.
Applied to dc circuits
Commutation achieved by reverse biasing the
SCR or by reducing the SCR current below
holding current value.
Commutating elements such as inductance
and capacitance are used for commutation
purpose.
Self commutation.
Resonant pulse commutation.
Complementary commutation.
Impulse commutation.
External pulse commutation.
Load Commutation.
Line Commutation.
Elements such as inductors and capacitors
are involved.


Forced commutation is applied to DC circuits.

It is applied to choppers & inverters.
Self Commutation
Or
Load Commutation
Or
Class A Commutation

(Commutation By Resonating The Load)
Under damped condition using L,C in series
with load results in oscillating currents .

This results in turning off an SCR when the
current through load is zero.
V
R
L
V (0)
c
C
T
i
Load
+ -
In load side commutation the discharging and
recharging of capacitor takes place through
the load. Hence to test the commutation
circuit the load has to be connected.
Examples of load side commutation are
Resonant Pulse Commutation and Impulse
Commutation.

( )
( )
2
For effective commutation
the circuit should be under damped.
1
That is
2
With R = 0, and the capacitor initially uncharged
that is 0 0
sin
Note:
C
R
L LC
V
V t
i t
L
LC
e
| |
<
|
\ .
=
=
Current i
Capacitor voltage
Gate pulse
Voltage across SCR
0
t t/2
et
et
et
et
V
V
2V
Conduction time of SCR
t
e
=
V
S
V
AUX
L
C
T
1
T
3
T
2
R
L
2V
AUX
+

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