Mobile Technologies and Business

Presented By:Vishal Batra 12101037

Outline

Overview of mobile technologies Advantages of mobile devices Evolution of mobile technologies Mobile problems M-Commerce

Device for voice communication

Alexander Graham Bell (1876)

Everyday lifes tools

Computer

Radio
Email

Music player
Word processor Credit cards

Why Mobile ???

Everyday lifes tools

Word processor Music player

Fax
Radio

Additional features can be installed

Mobile applications

Banking (check balance, make transaction) Restaurant (order and payment) Mobile Payment (ticket, vending machine) Tourism: tourist guide Education: mobile learning Entertainment: interactive digital art Scientific: controlling and monitoring

Advantages of mobile devices

Accessible anywhere, anytime Conveniently controlling and monitoring Instant notification Easy to exchange data and information

Wireless Communication:

Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or wires. The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radio communications). When the context is clear, the term is often shortened to "wireless".

Electromagnetic Spectrum:

Light, colors, AM and FM radio and electronic devices make use of the electromagnetic spectrum. In India, the frequencies that are available for use for communication are treated as a public resource and are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission. This determines which frequency ranges can be used for what purpose and by whom.

Working of a Cellular Network

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

An open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with internet information and services instantly. The wireless industry came up with the idea of WAP. The point of this standard was to show internet contents on wireless clients, like mobile phones.

WAP Architecture

Client
WML WMLScript Etc.

WAP Gateway WML Encoder

Web Server

WSP/WTP

WMLScript Compiler Protocol Adapters

HTTP

Content

WML Decks with WML-Script

CGI Scripts etc.

WAP Components

WAP Device

Is used to access WAP applications and content. It might be a PDA, handheld computer. Entity that receives content from Internet via a WAP Gateway. This is usually the WAP Browser. Element in the network where the information or web/WAP applications resides. Intermediary element used to connect two different types of network. It receives request directly from the clients as if it actually were the origin server that clients want to receive the information form. The clients are usually unaware that they are speaking to the Gateway. Software running on the WAP device that interprets the WAP content arriving from the internet and decides how to display it on WAP device.

WAP Client

WAP Content/Origin/Application Server

WAP Gateway

WAP Browser

WML

WML Wireless Markup Language formerly called HDML (Handheld Devices Markup Language) Is a tag language that allows the text portions of Web Pages to be presented on cellular phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) via wireless access. WML is used for delivering data to WAP devices, and is HTML- like in its appearance.

Mobile Evolution

Mobile technology faces many variations from first mobile technology to latest mobile technology Mobile evolution can categorized into mainly four Generations:

1G 2G 3G 4G where G stands for generation

1G

Mobiles were firstly commercially launched in 1983. Motorola introduced first mobile named as DynaTAC 8000x on March o6,1983 at $3,995. It offered 30 minutes of talktime and 8 hours of standby time.

1G contd .

Analogue radio waves were used as communication link Voice + limited data Mostly pagers were used. Not so popular among common people due its high cost and limited area coverage. Mobiles were available at very high prices.

2G

Analogues waves were replaced by Digital Waves Evolutionary change in mobile markets. GSM and CDMA are the part of 2G Improved performance than 1G Offers SMS as an Integral Service Currently in use. Data speed is of 9.6 Kbps which is very slow

2.5G

Successor technology to 2G Offers GPRS service as an Internet Service on Mobile Handset with Limited Bandwidth of 115Kbps. It also offers MMS service for sending pictures, images.

2.75G

GPRS is replaced by EDGE EDGE offers 180kbps bandwidth which is more than GPRS EDGE also enables video transmission with a lot of buffering. Nokia 6600

3G

Offers a very high bandwidth of 2 Mbps Video calling/Video Conferencing GPS(Global Positioning System) Higher Security than 2G (IPv6)

4G

AKA Mobile WiMAX Provides bandwidth varies between 56 to 128 Mbps Mobile HD television

Mobile Problems

Health Hazards Thermal effects Blood Brain Barrier Effects

Health Hazards

Part of the radio waves emitted by a mobile telephone handset is absorbed by the human head. The rate at which radiation is absorbed by the human body is measured by the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and its maximum levels for modern handsets have been set by governmental regulating agencies

Thermal effects

Dielectric heating, Most of the heating effect will occur at the surface of the head, Some parts of the human head are more sensitive to damage from increases in temperature,

Blood Brain Barrier Effects

Swedish researchers have studied the effects of microwave radiation on the rat brain. They found a leakage of albumin into brain via a permeated blood-brain barrier

Mobile & Business (M- Commerce)

Mobile commerce (m-commerce, m-business)any e-commerce done in a wireless environment, especially via the Internet using mobile channel

Can be done via the Internet, private communication lines, smart cards, etc. Creates opportunity to deliver new services to existing customers and to attract new ones

Mobile commerce from the Customers point of view

The customer wants to access information, goods and services any time and in any place on his mobile device. He can use his mobile device to purchase tickets for events or public transport, pay for parking, download content and even order books and CDs.

He should be offered appropriate payment methods. They can range from secure mobile micropayment to service subscriptions.

Classification of m-commerce
Based on the above criteria, e-commerce are classified as; Business-to-Business (B2B) m commerce Business-to-Consumer (B2C) m commerce Consumer-to-Business (C2B) m commerce Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C) m commerce Peer-to-Peer (P2P) m commerce

M-Commerce Services and Applications available:

Mobile ticketing Content purchase and delivery Information services Mobile banking Mobile Browsing Auctions Mobile Purchase Mobile marketing and advertising

Mobile ticketing

Tickets can be sent to mobile phones using a variety of technologies. Users are then able to use their tickets immediately, by presenting their phones at the venue. Tickets can be booked and cancelled on the mobile device with the help of simple application downloads

Content purchase and delivery

Mobile content purchase and delivery mainly consists of the sale of ring-tones, wallpapers, and games for mobile phones. The convergence of mobile phones, portable audio players, and video players into a single device is increasing the purchase and delivery of full-length music tracks and video.

Information services:

News Stock quotes Sports scores Financial records Traffic reporting

Mobile banking (M-Banking)

Banks and other financial institutions use mobile commerce to allow their customers to access account information and make transactions, such as purchasing stocks, remitting money

Mobile Browsing

Main article: Mobile browser Using a mobile browsera World Wide Web browser on a mobile devicecustomers can shop online

Mobile Purchase
Some merchants provide mobile websites that are customized for the smaller screen and limited user interface of a mobile device.

Mobile Payment

Is an alternative payment method. Instead of paying with cash, cheque or credit cards, A consumer can use a mobile phone to pay for a wide range of services and digital or hard goods such as:

Music, videos, ringtones, online game Transportation fare (bus, subway or train) Books, magazines, tickets

Mobile Payment

Customer requirements: a larger selection of merchants with whom they can trade a more consistent payment interface when making the purchase with multiple payment schemes, like: Credit Card payment Bank Account/Debit Card Payment. Merchant benefits: brands to offer a wider variety of payment Easy-to-use payment interface development

Bank and financial institution benefits to offer a consistent payment interface to consumer and merchants

Payment via Internet Payment Provider

Limitations of M-Commerce

Usability Problem

small size of mobile devices (screens, keyboards, etc) limited storage capacity of devices hard to browse sites lack of a standardized security protocol insufficient bandwidth 3G licenses

Technical Limitations

Limitations of M-Commerce Contd

Technical Limitations

transmission and power consumption limitations poor reception in tunnels and certain buildings multipath interference, weather, and terrain problems and distance-limited connections Speed Cost Accessibility

WAP Limitations

Queries Section

Any Queries?????????????