Protocols in Mobile Electronic Commerce

ABSTRACT
Mobile-commerce, also known by other terms such as M-Commerce or m-Commerce, is the
capability to follow
commerce with the help of a hand held devise like mobile phone, a Personal digital assistant
PDA, a smart
phone, or other emerging mobile equipment such as dash top mobile devices. Since decade
Mobile-commerce is
being expressed as follows: Mobile-commerce is where any transaction, involving the transfer
of rights or
ownership to use goods and services, which is initialized and/or processed by using mobile
(cell) access to
computer-mediated (eg. WAN) networks with the help of an electronic device.

I. INTRODUCTION
E-Commerce is brief kind for electronic commerce and focuses to the sphere of promoting,
purchasing, selling, servicing and distributing various products and/or services on the internet.
It targets electronic business applications for the aim of commercial transactions. The quantity
of trade conducted digitally has varied with widespread web usage. The activities of commerce
is conducted in this way, prodding and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer,
offer chain management, web selling, on-line dealings process, Electronic information
Interchange (EDI), automatic information assortment systems and inventory management
systems. Modernized electronic
commerce uses the World Wide Web (Also known
as the internet) at least at some point of time in the
transaction's phase, even though it can utilizes a
large range of technologies such as e-mail.
Online shopping is a one of the form of
electronic commerce wherever the customer is
directly on-line to the seller's PC sometimes via the
net. There's no mediator service. The purchase and
sale of products (transaction) is completed with the
help of internet interactively in real-time such as
advertising, selling of books on Amazon.com.

II. CURRENT ERA WIRELESS

MOBILE SYSTEM
Wireless communications inculpate
transmitting signals through air, water and space via
radio waves. Wireless spectrum is allotted by
governments and international organizations. For
instance, within the United State the 800-MHz
frequency is allotted for cellular voice
communications. The upper the frequency, the
bigger the information measure and information
carrying capability of the wireless system.
However, as frequency is increased in every system,
its characteristics become more directional (line of
site) and therefore the signals more vulnerable to
atmospheric conditions like rain and fog. Wireless
technologies are used to build LANs with in limited
geographical areas like connecting two or more
building or LANs. They're conjointly used to
provide high-speed access to the net or to create
metropolitan area networks. Wireless mobile
systems with terribly high data-rates emerging that
permit mobile users to work as if they're hooked up
to traditional wired networks.

III. MOBILE WIRELESS

COMMUNICATIONS (GLOBAL
SYSTEM FOR MOBILE)
GSM might be a complicated cell
framework developed by bunch extraordinary
remote of the class Europeans Des Posts
Telecommunications and its successor European
Telecommunications Institute. An essential
objective of the Global System for Mobile
advancement methodology was to produce
similarity of cell administrations between European
countries. GSM can be a revolutionary deftness that
blends Time Division Multiple Access.
The GSM improvement strategy was similar as that
of AMPS. The house edges of the GSM remote plot
from all vendors were waived, imagining
gigantically far-famed.

Electronic Commerce and Mobile commerce

The meaning and conventions of electronic
commerce have changed during past 31 years.
Initially, electronic commerce was meant to,
facilitation of all commercial transactional activities
with the help of technology such as Electronic
Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI). Both EDI and EFT were
introduced in 1970s (2), facilitated businesses to
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
Consequently, the telephone companies can offer
plenty of so-called value-added services. Percentage
of users for such services is foretold to extend
because with new technologies new (and better)
services are offered. In the future, many new
services are expected. The flexibleness to pay by
phone is one among such services, which is
attention-grabbing to numerous corporations are
interested. For example in country Finland, one is
already able to make payment for the certain
product by using their cell phone. Sending and
receiving multimedia contents are also gaining
interest. Since the entire internet wireless network is
more on data-oriented, net will become a serious
possibility as well. Mobile devices, which provide
service not just for regular users however conjointly
for mobile applications computer code developers,
square measure of nice interest for the phone
corporations.

Wireless payment services

Banks begin with large benefits in m-
commerce services like ticketing, auctions, and
added information: They control the present
payment infrastructure and understand the
protection problems. The Pepsi Cola slot machine
piloted by Finnish mobile-security specialist Sonera
Smart Trust may be a hanging example of another
use for mobile phones. The company’s service
permits the user to shop for a drink from a slot
machine by dialing its variety on a portable device.
Bluetooth, the rising commonplace for short-range
radio transmissions, can build it even easier for
customers to create little payments through mobile
devices. Information Technology Research Institute
Mobile e-commerce dealings model five. A user
might, for instance, buy groceries by debiting from a
card or a bank account. Support for such services
couldn't only give a replacement revenue stream for
banks however also cut back the number of money
they handle.
The WAP Payment Service permits a
merchant to get bill payment via WAP. By using
such outstanding service merchants may avoid
problems in taking care of their own WAP payment
servers. Users of that service are merchants, which
sell product or services on-line using WAP,
therefore, needs an extensive payment resolution.
The various WAP payment solutions, international
and local payment methods, multiple credit cards
are often supported by such service. When new
payment methodology appears, it can be integrated
into the payment service. Service should also be
protected by using state of the art firewalls,
encrypted databases and everyone the logical
protection to make sure a high safety level. Service
takes care also of administration and reconciliation
of all transactions. methods . Immediately after each
payment, whether or not it's been thriving or not, the
businessperson is notified mechanically by the
service. This notification is often sent using various
methods and platforms. At any given point of time,
merchant has an access to his shop’s payment
history through a secure internet interface device.
Once a consumer has chosen the specified product
with merchant’s WAP store and is prepared to pay,
merchant web redirects him to the WAP payment
getway page to process his request. Here, the
consumer can opt for an appropriate payment
method and make the payment. The payment is
processed directly by service.
Properties of the mobile e-commerce transaction
model(s)

1. Relationship with environments previously

analyzed
The mobile e-commerce environment is rather
similar to the international banking environment, for
which the S-transaction model was developed. In
fact, the banking environment is a (hidden) part of
the mobile e-commerce environment in some cases.
Shortly, the common features are:
 Both are following distributed and
environments with autonomous players;
 In both cases economic values are transferred;
 In both cases the primarytarget of the
transactions is to assure atomicity of the
executions; in banking it is the money
atomicity, in mobile e-commerce the certified
delivery. This leads to compensation which is
problematic in both cases. Similar
considerations concerning the programs;
 In both cases the durability and serializability
are of similar importance and are solved at the
same level in the system architecture (at the
database level syntactically);
 The same modelling ideas can be used in both
environments.
 There are some differences:
 In the mobile e-commerce environment also
complicated real actions such as physical goods
delivery are included; these are missing from
the international banking environment;
 The mobile e-commerce environment is hostile
in the sense that the customers or merchants
might be traitorous which is not the case within
the banking environment
 The terminals of the international banking
environment are very well secured against
unauthorised use whereas in the mobile e-
jera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622-0704023740 39 | P a g e
commerce environment a terminal can be easily
stolen and can lead to an unauthorised use
 The terminals in the mobile electronic
commerce have much less processor, memory
etc. resources than the terminals in international
banking
 The security mechanisms are different
 In international banking there is one big trusted
"middle-player" (SWIFT; www.swift.com)
offering messaging services and other services
whereas in the e-commerce this is not (yet) the
case
 The transaction scopes are different (reflected
in the TIDs; there is not a global TID in the
mobile e-commerce case, whereas in
international banking transaction there is a
global TID)
 In S-transaction model it is reasonable to
assume that all the global programs belonging
to the S-transaction environment run the same
request-response-ack/nack protocol, in the
mobile e-commerce environment this is not
clear. The reason is that there is an existing
infrastructure and this is not homogeneous, but
rather different from country to country.
Neither can it be made homogeneous by adding
the mobile e-commerce channel;
 "Location invalidation", i.e., transaction
becoming invalid because of out-dated location
information is specific to wireless, nomadic
environment and thus has not been considered
in banking contexts.

2 The scope of the mobile e-commerce

transactions The primary purpose of the
transactional mechanisms is to guarantee the money
atomicity, goods atomicity and at the end the
certified delivery. When looking into the business
cases, one sees immediately that there is not one a
single point of control that could be allocated the
responsibility to guarantee this in the same manner
as in a conventional environment the 2PC client
runs the 2PC protocol and guarantees that all sub-
transactions started at the diverse sites either commit
or abort. Rather, each autonomous player has a
partial responsibility here. So they start different
transactions that are, however, interdependent, and
moreover, partially subordinate. For instance, the
contact with the credit card Company in business
case 1 only follows after the customer has placed an
order. Second, the delivery is only started if the
merchant has become assured that he/she will get
the funds for the goods ordered. Thus, the delivery
is conditioned on the outcome of the payment.
What is common to all these cases is the fact that the
customer is the ultimate origin of the interactions.
Thus, we can in a natural way assume that the client
is the entity being the root in an execution hierarchy.
The cases then differ in number of other layers the
customer must take direct contact with - and thus
run a concrete protocol with the player. Case by
case it seem as follows.
There are, however, two types of protocols run at
the customer terminal:
 The actual ordering of the goods (embedded in
request-response type of protocol, place order -
confirm/deny order)
 Identification of the customer to the merchant
(embedded into several request-response pairs),
optional
 There are four different kinds of protocols run
at the client terminal:
 The actual ordering of the goods (imbedded in
request-response type of protocol, place order -
confirm/deny order)
 Identification of the customer to the merchant
(embedded into several request- response pairs),
optional
 Payment protocol against the payment service
or against the bank (embedded into several
request-response pairs)
 Identification of the customer to the payment
service (embedded into request-response pair)
Customer interacts only with merchant
(MNO) requesting a service/contents (embedded
into request-response pair)
In Figure a simplified view of the overall
transaction structure in the cases where payment is
implicit is given. The circle within which the
components are described models the atomicity
sphere of the transaction. The payment and delivery
are sub transactions of controlled by the Merchant.
The customer is at the root of the transaction tree.
The picture abstracts from the
identification step, because it can be excluded from
the scope of the mobile e-commerce transaction
(i.e., it is step similar to scanning of the catalogues
that do not need to be included within the
transactional boundaries). The figure also abstracts
from the possible cancellation of the order. It could
be modeled as a sub transaction at the merchant that
waits for the possible return of the goods and starts
the reverse pay

Figure Hierarchical views on the m-commerce

transactions in cusses
www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/9622-0704023740 40 | P a g e
IV. OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
A large percentage of transactions are
conducted through mobile devices for virtual items
and services such as access to premium and regular
contents. The transaction ; selling , purchasing and
distributing services or /and product involves use of
network and internet along additional
communication devices which generally has low
processing power, very low battery life , memory,
intermittent connectivity and communication
channel used along their bandwidth and also the
security problems associated with. This research
study is consecutive objectives;
 Discuss the basic characteristics and attributes
of e-commerce and m-commerce and protocols
used at various stages in e-commerce.
 Discuss m-commerce applications
 Understand the technologies that support
mobile communication system
 To critically analyze protocols in m-commerce
for fair-exchange, secure payment, automatic
dispute resolving.
 Protocols security in fixed Verses Wireless
Communication
 Performance of m-commerce protocols.

V. CONCLUSION
Mobile E-Commerce could be a difficult
area as it creates opportunities for several players in
the field, like Content and service providers or
Mobile Network Operators. MEC is a dynamically
ever-changing area then are the applications and
needs due to the various interdependencies with user
requirements, wireless technology and legislation.
It’s so essential that related business and legal
problems are resolved and follow advances in
technology.

REFERENCE
[1]. N. Asokan, 1998, “Fairness in Electronic
Commerce”, CCS '15 Proceedings of the
twenty-second ACM SIGSAC Conference on
pc and Communications Security, 2015.
[2]. Dhingra Kush, Bhardwaj Abhishek , Aashish
Aggarwal (2015), M -Commerce ,
International Journal of Engineering Research
and General Science , Volume 3, Issue 2, Part
2 , ISSN : ISSN 2091 – 2730 ,Page 406-706
[3]. K. R. Santhi,G. SenthilKumaran, V. K.
Srivastava, A. Butare, “Goals of true broad
bands wireless next wave (4G and 5G)”
,Vehicular Technology Conference-2003",
VTC 2003-Fall, 2003 IEEE 58th, Volume: 4,
6-9 Oct. 2003.
[4]. J. Claessens, "Analysis and design of an
advanced Infrastructure for Secure and Anonymous Electronic Payment Systems on
the internet", PhD thesis, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, 2002, Page 220
[5]. T. Dierks, "The TLS Protocol Version 1.1",
IETF internet Draft, 2003.
[6]. A. Alaraj and M. Munro, "An efficient e-
commerce fair exchange protocol that
encourages customer and merchant to be
honest," computer Safety, reliability, and
Security, pp. 193-206, 2008.
[7]. H. Aldabbas, T. Alwada'n, H. Janicke and A.
Al-Bayatti, "Data Confidentiality in Mobile
ad hoc Networks", International Journal of
Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN), vol.
4, no. 1, february 2012.