This document contains solutions to two problems involving systems of differential equations.
The first problem involves a purification process with two tanks of equal volume and derives the general solution for the impurity masses in each tank over time. The solution decays most slowly for the term involving time t.
The second problem finds the particular solution for a given system of two equations involving sine and cosine terms. The particular solution is expressed in terms of cosine and sine functions with coefficients that are solutions to the related system of equations.
This document contains solutions to two problems involving systems of differential equations.
The first problem involves a purification process with two tanks of equal volume and derives the general solution for the impurity masses in each tank over time. The solution decays most slowly for the term involving time t.
The second problem finds the particular solution for a given system of two equations involving sine and cosine terms. The particular solution is expressed in terms of cosine and sine functions with coefficients that are solutions to the related system of equations.
This document contains solutions to two problems involving systems of differential equations.
The first problem involves a purification process with two tanks of equal volume and derives the general solution for the impurity masses in each tank over time. The solution decays most slowly for the term involving time t.
The second problem finds the particular solution for a given system of two equations involving sine and cosine terms. The particular solution is expressed in terms of cosine and sine functions with coefficients that are solutions to the related system of equations.
This document contains solutions to two problems involving systems of differential equations.
The first problem involves a purification process with two tanks of equal volume and derives the general solution for the impurity masses in each tank over time. The solution decays most slowly for the term involving time t.
The second problem finds the particular solution for a given system of two equations involving sine and cosine terms. The particular solution is expressed in terms of cosine and sine functions with coefficients that are solutions to the related system of equations.
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Quiz 7 Bayliss
November 17, 2010
1. Question 1 Consider a purication mixture problem involving two tanks. Fresh water enters tank 1. The solution then enters tank 2 and nally exits the system. Let r denote the ow rate for all connections. Suppose the volume of solution is the same in both of the tanks. Call this volume V . Write a system of equations for the masses of the impurity in each tank. Find the general solution. Determine the long time behavior of the solution (i.e. the most slowly decaying term in the generation solution). Explain the dierence between this case and the case when the volumes in each tank are dierent. Solution The system of equations for the problem are x1 = x2 = In matrix form, the system is dX r = rV dt V 0 r X V (3) r x1 V (1) (2)
r r x + 1 x2 V V
r . To nd two independent eigenvectors, need to solve (A I )v = 0 and There is a double eigenvalue = V (A I )w = v 0 0 0 V 0 0 0 0 r = = (4) r r 0 1 0 0 0 1 V V
The solution is c1 e In this case, c2 te
rt V rt V rt 0 + c2 te V 1
V r
(5)
is the slowest decaying component of the solution. If the volumes in the tank were 0 dierent, then there would be no repeated eigenvalue and therefore no term with t in the solution. 2. Question 2 Find a particular solution to the system x = x 5y + 2 sin t y = x y 3 cos t (6) (7)
V r
Solution Note that the system can be written in the form dX 1 5 X = F (t) 1 1 dt 1 (8)
The particular solution of (8) is of the form Xp = A cos(t) + B sin(t) C cos(t) + D sin(t) Xp = A sin(t) + B cos(t) C sin(t) + D cos(t) (9)
Plugging the values of Xp and Xp into (8), obtain 2 sin(t) A sin(t) + B cos(t) 1 = + 3 cos(t) C sin(t) + D cos(t) 1 = This gives the system of equations B A + 5C = 0 A B + 5 D = 2 Solving the system gives that A = 17 3 ,
5 1
A cos(t) + B sin(t) C cos(t) + D sin(t)
(10) (11)
cos(t) (B A + 5C ) + sin(t)(A B + 5D) cos(t) (D A + C ) + sin(t)(C B + D)
D A + C = 3 C +BD =0
(12) (13)
5 B=2 3 , C = 1 and D = 3 . The particular solution is therefore
