Building Service: Instructor: Dr. Sahar Kharrufa
Building Service: Instructor: Dr. Sahar Kharrufa
Building Service: Instructor: Dr. Sahar Kharrufa
Context
1. Site Selection 2. Construction Activity Pollution Prevention (prerequisite) 3. Development Density & Community Connectivity 4. Brownfield Redevelopment 5. Public Transportation Access 6. Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 7. Low Emission & Fuel Efficient Vehicles 8. Parking Capacity 9.1. Site Development - Protect or Restore Habitat 9.2. Site Development - Maximize Open Space 10.1. Storm water Design - Quantity Control 10.2. Storm water Design - Quality Control 11.1. Heat Island Effect - Non-Roof 11.2. Heat Island Effect - Roof 12. Light Pollution Reduction
Site Selection
Intention: To avoid development in inappropriate sites. To reduce environmental impact from the location of a building on a site. Implementation: DO NOT develop on sites: Prime farmland as defined by USDA1 Within 50ft. of a water body (lakes, seas, rivers, etc.) Comply with Clean Water Act. Habitat for any endangered or critical species. Public parkland (Park Authority projects are exempt)
Submittal Phase: Design
Intention: During construction, there can be a lot of pollution going on, especially when it rains. Pollution on construction sites can be reduced by controlling: Soil erosion Airborne dust generation Waterway sedimentation
Implementation: (Erosion and Sedimentation Control) 1 Provide ESC plan into construction documents and specifications. Goal is to prevent the loss of soil, pollution, and sedimentation. Follow the EPA 2003 (Environmental Protection Agency) standards. Ways to control sedimentation: 1- stabilization : seeding and mulching 2- structural : silt fences , earth dikes , sediment traps
Brownfield Redevelopment
This credit happens to be one of the most expensive to implement. Thusly there are many government incentives / tax breaks to help.
Intention: Rehabilitate damaged sites (environmentally contaminated sites) Reduce pressure on undeveloped land Implementation: Rebuild on a contaminated site as documented by ASTM E1903-07 or local codes. 1 Brownfield definition by the EPA and CERCLA .
2
1-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 2- Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
1- Full-Time Equivalent
Intention: Reduce Pollution from auto use . Reduce land development from auto use .
Implementation: Case 1: provide bike rack (based on 0.05 FTE measured at PEAK periods) within 200 yards AND provide changing room and shower (based on 0.005 FTE) within 200 yards Case 2 (residential): provide bike rack for 15% of residents
Parking Capacity
Intention:
Reduce Pollution from auto use Reduce land development from auto use Implementation: Option 1 (non-residential): do not exceed local parking requirements in proposed parking scheme . provide carpool parking Option 2 (non-residential): for projects that provide parking for less than 5% of FTE building occupants: provide carpool parking Option 3 (residential): do not exceed local codes shared vehicle program Option 4 (all): provide no new parking
Implementation:
case 1: impervious surface1 less than or equal to 50% of total site area post-development peak discharge rate and quantity equal to or less than predevelopment implement a storm water management plan that protect receiving stream channels from excessive erosion by implementing a stream channel protection strategy and quantity control strategies. case 2: impervious surface more than 50% of total site area post-development peak discharge rate and quantity 25% less than predevelopment
1-artificial structures, such as pavements and building roofs, which replace naturally pervious soil with impervious construction materials.
Implementation: treat and capture 90% storm water runoff 1 remove 80% TSS2 use acceptable BMPs considering the following: sustainable design strategies: low impact, environmentally sensitive design) alternative surfaces: vegetated roofs, swales natural and mechanical treatment: constructed wetlands, vegetated filters and open channels
1- Total suspended solids 2- Best Management Practices
Intention: Reduce heat islands Minimize impact on microclimate and habitats Implementation: option 1: provide shade to 50% of site area (within 5 years of occupancy) provide open grid area (parking, roads, sidewalks) with paving material of SRI 29 or higher. option 2: provide 50% parking underground or under roof provide paving material with SRI 29 or higher.
Implementation: 4 Light Zones LZ1: dark, density less than 200 people per square mile LZ2: low (residential) LZ3: medium (commercial, industrial and high-density residential) LZ4: high major city centers, entertainment districts) Interior Lighting:
stays inside non-emergency lights shut down at non-business hours
Exterior Lighting:
provide for comfort and safety only DO NOT exceed 80% of lighting power densities for exterior area and 50% for building facades and landscape features. DO NOT install lighting more than 2.5 times building height from property line Credit does not apply to 3 story buildings, warehouses, and manufactured homes.
Done by
Mahmood Rashed Siyavash