1 Wilo
1 Wilo
1 Wilo
Agenda
> Planning
Planning
Planning
Load-conforming pump selection for standard central heating installations > Planning for new installations > Pump duty selection to be based on heat demand and pipe friction loss calculation
> Replacement of existing circulating pumps > Pump duty selection to be based on the specific heat demand of the building, provided that the following values for the heated effective floor areas are not exceeded:
> 100 W/m for freestanding residential buildings with not more than 2 apartments > 70 W/m for buildings with more than 2 apartments
Planning
Rule-of-thumb pump selection for standard central heating installations > Formula for the heat demand QN
QN =
AN . Qspec 1000
[kW]
> AN
> Qspez = max. specific heat demand to HeizAnIV: 70 W/m 100 W/m residential buildings with more than 2 apartments freestanding residential building with not more than 2 apartments
Planning
Rule-of-thumb pump selection for standard central heating installations > Formula for the volume flow VPu
VPU =
> 1.16 = > > QN = = =
QN 1.16 .
[m/h]
specific heating capacity [Wh/kgK] ( 1,16 W = 1 Kcal/h ) design flow/return temperature difference [K] 10 - 20 K for standard installations heat demand [kW]
> Important: The optimum operating range is within the middle third of the pump duty curve
6 Wilo-Basic technics of pumps
Planning
Rule-of-thumb pump selection for standard central heating installations, Qspez to HeizAnIV (part 1) > Formula for the volume flow VspecPu or TV
Vspec =
[l/(h . m)]
Vspec =
3.0 l/h
Planning
Rule-of-thump flow rate estimate based on the specific heating load
Specific heat demand/m2 floor area Residential buildings with ... max. 2 apartments more than 2 apartments low-energy building standard Qspez Specifc volume flow/m2 floor area at Vspez at 20 K 100 W/m2 70 W/m2 < 40 W/m2 4.3 l/h 3.0 l/h < 1.7 l/h Vspez at 15 K 5.7 l/h 4.0 l/h < 2.3 l/h Vspez at 10 K 8.6 l/h 6.0 l/h < 3.4 l/h Vspez at 5 K 17.2 l/h 12.0 l/h < 6.8 l/h
= VPU or TV = AN . Vspec [l/h] = max. specific heat demand per m2 effective floor area to HeizAnIV X = required volume flow per m2 heated effective floor area = effective floor area served by the pump in [m]
Planning
Operation point in the family of characteristics: volume flow VPU
Range I (left-hand third) A smaller pump must be selected if the operation point is within this range.
I II III
Range II (mid-third) The pump is optimally selected if the operation point is within this range. Range III (right-hand third) A larger pump must be selected if the operation point is within this range.
1/3
1/3
1/3
Efficiency of pump
Characteristic of pump and the behaviour curve of the efficiency
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Planning
Operation point in the family of characteristics: volume flow VPU
Range I (left-hand third) A smaller pump must be selected if the operation point is within this range. Range II (mid-third) The pump is operate in 98% of her running time in the optimally operating range. Range III (right-hand third)
1/3 1/3 1/3
I
pumping head H [m]
II III
The regulated pump operate only in the dimensioning point (warmest day/coldest day of the year) in the adverse range. That means 2% of her running time.
Planning
Rule-of-thumb head calculation for standard central heating installations
HPU =
>R >I > ZF
R . I . ZF 10000
[m]
= friction loss in straight pipes [Pa/m] empirical value R = 50 to 150 Pa/m = lengths of the least favourable (index) pipe circuit [m] (flow and return pipe) = additional factors for fittings/forms thermostatic valve fittings/forms mixer/gravity break thermostatic valve 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.7
2.2 2.6
VPumpe = Vspec . AN
70 W / m2 No. of units Floor area Total floor areas Built Floor height 50 80 m2 4000 m2 1978 3.0 m 10 floors Basement Ground plan Low temp. boiler
13 Wilo-Basic technics of pumps
22 x 20 70/50
pc
pv
VPU = AN =
[m3/h]
(50 aparments each 80 m2) Vspez VPU = 3.0 l/h (per m2) 4000 . 3.0 1000 12.0 m3/h
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HPU R I ZF
Max.
R . I . ZF 10000
[m]
Min.
Anlage
100 Pa/m 150 m index circuit 2.6 = 100 . 150 . 2,6 10000 3.9 m
HPU
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Planning
Planning software fr pumps, pumping systems and components Wilo-Select Classic > Calculations > Design > Catalogue & article search > Pump replacements > Documentation > Power costs and write-off calculations > Life Cycle Costs > Data export to Acrobat PDF, DXF, GAEB, Datanorm, VDMA, VDI, CEF > Automatic internet update
18 Wilo-Basic technics of pumps
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flow
return
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10
Characteristic of pump
zero-delivery pressure H0
ch
ara c
ter is
tic o
fp
um p
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11
= high changing of volume flow, little changing of pressure = little changing of volume flow, high changing of pressure
H0 p
H1 H2
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 pumping head H [m]
( )
Q1 Q2
H2
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Operation point
The pumping head is always so high as the flow resistance of the tube system.
only one thermostatic valve is open
c ha r ac teri s tic o
f pu
mp
is ter
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Efficiency of pump
Efficiency of pump = ( pressure x volumeflow) / Power
p =
> p > Q [m/h] > H [m] > P2 [kW] > 367 >g
> [kg/m]
QHg 3600 P2
QH 367 P2
= efficiency of pump = = = = = = volume flow pumping head power at the pump shaft conversion factor 9,81 m/s density of the pumping medium
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13
Efficiency of pump
Characteristic of pump and the behaviour curve of the efficiency
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Efficiency of pump
efficiencies of standard wet running pumps (approximate value) pumps with motor power P2
- 100 W 100 - 500 W 500 - 2500 W
motor
ap.*15% - ap. 45% ap. 45% - ap. 65% ap. 60% - ap. 70%
pump*
ap. 40% - ap. 65% ap. 40% - ap. 70% ap. 30% - ap. 75%
total **
ap. 5% - ap. 25% ap. 20% - ap. 40% ap. 30% - ap. 50%
efficiencies of dry running pumps (approximate value) pumps with motor power P2
- 1,5 kW 1,5 - 7,5 kW 7,5 - 45,0 kW
motor
ap. 75% ap. 85% ap. 90%
pump*
ap. 40% - ap. 85% ap. 40% - ap. 85% ap. 40% - ap. 85%
total **
ap. 30% - ap. 65% ap. 35% - ap. 75% ap. 40% - ap. 80%
* variations dependent on structural shape, nominal width. The minor value is in general for pumps with extreme less volume flow and big pumping head. ** limiting from total. or rather pump need not corresponding
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14
n1
H1
Q1 Q2 H1 H2 P1 P2
n1 n2
n2
() ()
n1 n2 n1 n2
Q2
29 Wilo-Basic technics of pumps
Q1
Planning
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Planning
31
Speed control
Non-regulated pump
H2
H1
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Speed control
Hand gear shift > motors have varying winding packets for speed changing (wet running pumps)
nmax transitional period: new operation point
H3 H2 nmin H1
Q1 Q2 Q3
33 Wilo-Basic technics of pumps
Speed control
Hand gear shift
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Speed control
Electronic continuous speed control > automatic control with varying control system > electronic pumps have a lot of speed steps > family of characteristics
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Speed control
Electronic continuous speed control > automatic differential pressure control
nmax nregel nregel nregel nregel nregel nregel 3
1. The sensory analysis deter mined the actual pumping head. (actual value)
H2
non-regulated pump
2. The electronic discerened the difference between the set value (point 1) and the actual value. (point 2) 3. The controller reduced the speed and move the pumping head at the actual value now. (point 3)
H1
Q1
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Q2
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Speed control
Electronic continuous speed control > control modes > p-c > p-v > p-T
differential pressure constant differential pressure variable temperature guided differential pressure control
> p-cv combination from differential pressure constant (second and third area of characteristic) and differential pressure variable (first area of characteristics) > Operation modes > Automatic night setback (let down function) > manual regulator > DDC (Direct Digital Control)
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Speed control
p-c differential pressure constant > From the pump produced differential pressure maintained constant over-all the permitted volume flow area tuned-in differential pressure-set value (Hset value ). > The resistance of tube is little in comparison to the resistance of the thermostatic valve and mountings. > Independent of the number of the opened thermostatic valve the same differential pressure is required as a rule. > Wilo-factory set
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19
Speed control
p-c differential pressure constant
pumping head H [m] nmax 2 ncontrolled 3 Hset value p-c 1
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Speed control
p-v differential pressure variable > The maintained differential pressure-set value of the pump is changing linear between Hset value and Hset value .
> The resistance of the tube is bigger than the resistance of the thermostatic valve and mountings.
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20
Speed control
p-v differential pressure variable
pumping head H [m] nmax 2
ncontrolled
p-v
1 3
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Speed control
p-T temperature guided differential pressure control > From the pump maintained differential pressure-set value change in dependance on the measured temperature of the pumping medium. > exercise: > in constant volume heating systems (for example: one-pipe system) > in variable volume heating systems with sliding flow temperature > condensing value boiler (with inversed control direction and assembly of the pump in the return)
42 Wilo-Basic technics of pumps
21
Speed control
p-T temperature guided differential pressure control
Hmax
Hvar. Hmin
neg. control direction
Tmin
Tmax
Tmed
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Speed control
Comparison of the power consumption
max.-characteristic (non-regulated)
p constant
p variabel
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Operation mode
Auto night setback (let down function) > During the reduction of the flow temperature move the pump of a reduced constant speed (light load operation).
pumping head H [m]
p-c
Hset value
Operation mode
Auto night setback (let down function)
power consumption power consumption [%] Vorlauftemperatur Uhrzeit
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