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    Pathway CKD

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    Rizki August Cullen
    1. The document discusses the pathways involved in chronic kidney disease and congestive heart failure. It describes how decreased kidney function can lead to fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. 2. It then explains how fluid overload in congestive heart failure can lead to pulmonary edema and impaired gas exchange in the lungs, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. This can cause issues like syncope, dyspnea, and organ damage. 3. Multiple organ systems are affected as reduced cardiac output and perfusion impact the brain, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and bones. Proper ventilator use is also discussed to avoid injury risks.

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    Pathway CKD

    Uploaded by

    Rizki August Cullen
    3K views2 pages
    1. The document discusses the pathways involved in chronic kidney disease and congestive heart failure. It describes how decreased kidney function can lead to fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. 2. It then explains how fluid overload in congestive heart failure can lead to pulmonary edema and impaired gas exchange in the lungs, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. This can cause issues like syncope, dyspnea, and organ damage. 3. Multiple organ systems are affected as reduced cardiac output and perfusion impact the brain, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and bones. Proper ventilator use is also discussed to avoid injury risks.

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    Pathway Ckd

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    1. The document discusses the pathways involved in chronic kidney disease and congestive heart failure. It describes how decreased kidney function can lead to fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. 2. It then explains how fluid overload in congestive heart failure can lead to pulmonary edema and impaired gas exchange in the lungs, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. This can cause issues like syncope, dyspnea, and organ damage. 3. Multiple organ systems are affected as reduced cardiac output and perfusion impact the brain, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and bones. Proper ventilator use is also discussed to avoid injury risks.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    3K views2 pages

    Pathway CKD

    Uploaded by

    Rizki August Cullen
    1. The document discusses the pathways involved in chronic kidney disease and congestive heart failure. It describes how decreased kidney function can lead to fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. 2. It then explains how fluid overload in congestive heart failure can lead to pulmonary edema and impaired gas exchange in the lungs, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. This can cause issues like syncope, dyspnea, and organ damage. 3. Multiple organ systems are affected as reduced cardiac output and perfusion impact the brain, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and bones. Proper ventilator use is also discussed to avoid injury risks.

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    PATHWAY

    infeksi reaksi antigen antibodi vaskuler arteriosklerosis suplai darah ginjal turun zat toksik tertimbun ginjal Obstruksi saluran kemih Retensi urin batu besar dan kasar menekan saraf perifer nyeri pinggang GFR turun CKD/GGK sekresi protein terganggu sindrom uremia perpospatemia pruritis MK: gangguan. integritas kulit nausea, vomitus resiko gangguan nutrisi infeksi gastritis mual, muntah urokrom tertimbun di kulit retensi Na total CES naik MK: resiko Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi < keb. tubuh suplai nutrisi dalam darah turun Hemodialisa SDM rusak saat HD Anemia sekresi eritropoitis turun produksi Hb turun oksihemoglobin turun MK: gangguan perfusi jaringan suplai O2 kasar turun
    GAGAL JANTUNG KIRI (CHF)

    iritasi / cidera jaringan hematuria anemia

    tek. kapiler naik gang. keseimbangan perubahan warna kulit asam - basa vol. interstisial naik prod. asam naik as. lambung naik iritasi lambung perdarahan - hematemesis - melena anemia edema (kelebihan volume cairan) preload naik beban jantung naik hipertrofi ventrikel kiri

    MK: intoleransi aktivitas

    bendungan atrium kiri naik

    MK: Penurunan curah jantung

    COP turun suplai O2 ke otak turun syncope (kehilangan kesadaran) MK: intoleransi aktivitas

    tek. vena pulmonalis kapiler paru naik Cairan berpindah ke intertitial Akumulasi cairan >>

    aliran darah ginjal turun suplai O2 jaringan turun RAA turun metab. anaerob

    retensi Na & H2O naik timb. as. laktat naik MK: kelebihan vol. cairan - fatigue - nyeri sendi

    Akumulasi cairan >>

    Edema Paru

    Alveoli terisi cairan Pertukaran gas di alveoli terganggu Perfusi jaringan terganggu

    MK: Gangguan pertukaran gas

    Brain

    Breath

    Blood

    Bladder

    Bowel

    Bone

    Iscemic jaringan otak: pons

    Takipnea, dispnea

    Hipoksia

    Perfusi ginjal

    Perfusi GIT

    Kelemahan

    Kesadaran pusat pernafasan terganggu

    Retensi Na & H2O pucat Produksi urin << Iscemic sal. pencernaan

    Gagal nafas

    Mual, muntah

    Pemasangan ventilator

    Control tekanan vent yg tidak sesuai

    MK: Risiko cedera

    Sumber: Smeltzer&Bare, 2001 Muttaqin & Sari, 2011 Jones & Fix, 2009

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