This document provides suggested starting torque values for bolts of various sizes, materials, and surface conditions. It includes torque values for bolts made from steels according to ASTM standards A307, A325, A449, A490, A193 Grade B7, and A354 Grade BD. The chart lists bolt size, thread pitch, proof load, clamp load, and recommended tightening torque for bolted joints with bolts that are galvanized and waxed, galvanized, or plain. It notes these are only guidelines and the actual torque must be determined through experimentation under real joint conditions.
This document provides suggested starting torque values for bolts of various sizes, materials, and surface conditions. It includes torque values for bolts made from steels according to ASTM standards A307, A325, A449, A490, A193 Grade B7, and A354 Grade BD. The chart lists bolt size, thread pitch, proof load, clamp load, and recommended tightening torque for bolted joints with bolts that are galvanized and waxed, galvanized, or plain. It notes these are only guidelines and the actual torque must be determined through experimentation under real joint conditions.
This document provides suggested starting torque values for bolts of various sizes, materials, and surface conditions. It includes torque values for bolts made from steels according to ASTM standards A307, A325, A449, A490, A193 Grade B7, and A354 Grade BD. The chart lists bolt size, thread pitch, proof load, clamp load, and recommended tightening torque for bolted joints with bolts that are galvanized and waxed, galvanized, or plain. It notes these are only guidelines and the actual torque must be determined through experimentation under real joint conditions.
This document provides suggested starting torque values for bolts of various sizes, materials, and surface conditions. It includes torque values for bolts made from steels according to ASTM standards A307, A325, A449, A490, A193 Grade B7, and A354 Grade BD. The chart lists bolt size, thread pitch, proof load, clamp load, and recommended tightening torque for bolted joints with bolts that are galvanized and waxed, galvanized, or plain. It notes these are only guidelines and the actual torque must be determined through experimentation under real joint conditions.
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Suggested Starting Torque Values
(800) 547-6758 | www.portlandbolt.com
ASTM A307 Bolt Size (in)
TPI
Proof Load (lbs)
Clamp Load (lbs)
1/4
20
1,145
5/16
18
Tightening Torque (ft lbs)
Galv+Waxed
Galv
Plain
859
1,886
1415
3/8
16
2,790
2,093
16
13
7/16
14
3,827
2,870
10
26
21
1/2
13
5,108
3,831
16
40
32
9/16
12
6,552
4,914
23
58
46
5/8
11
8,136
6,102
32
79
64
3/4
10
12,024
9,018
56
141
113
7/8
15,200
11,400
83
208
166
20,000
15,000
125
313
250
1 1/8
25,200
18,900
177
443
354
1 1/4
32,000
24,000
250
625
500
1 3/8
38,100
28,575
327
819
655
1 1/2
46,400
34,800
435
1,088
870
1 3/4
68,400
51,300
748
1,870
1,496
4 1/2
90,000
67,500
1,125
2,813
2,250
2 1/4
4 1/2
117,000
87,750
1,645
4,113
3,291
2 1/2
144,000
108,000
2,250
5,625
4,500
2 3/4
177,480
133,110
3,050
7,626
6,101
214,920
161,190
4,030
10,074
8,060
3 1/4
255,600
191,700
5,192
12,980
10,384
3 1/2
299,880
224,910
6,560
16,400
13,120
3 3/4
347,760
260,820
8,151
20,377
16,301
398,880
299,160
9,972
24,930
19,944
This chart of estimated torque calculations are only offered as a guide. Use of its content by anyone is the sole responsibility of that person and they assume all risk. Due to many variables that affect the torque-tension relationship like human error, surface texture, and lubrication the only way to determine the correct torque is through experimentation under actual joint and assembly conditions.
Suggested Starting Torque Values
(800) 547-6758 | www.portlandbolt.com
SAE Grade 2 Bolt Size (in)
TPI
Proof Load (lbs)
Clamp Load (lbs)
1/4
20
1,750
5/16
18
2,900
Tightening Torque (ft lbs)
Galv+Waxed
Galv
Plain
1,313
2,175
14
11
3/8
16
4,250
3,188
10
25
20
7/16
14
5,850
4,388
16
40
32
1/2
13
7,800
5,850
24
61
49
9/16
12
10,000
7,500
35
88
70
5/8
11
12,400
9,300
48
121
97
3/4
10
18,400
13,800
86
216
173
7/8
15,200
11,400
83
208
166
20,000
15,000
125
313
250
1 1/8
25,200
18,900
177
443
354
1 1/4
32,000
24,000
250
625
500
1 3/8
38,100
28,575
327
819
655
1 1/2
46,400
34,800
435
1,088
870
ASTM A325 Bolt Size (in)
TPI
1/2
Tension
Tightening Torque Range (ft lbs) (Min - Max)
Min
Max
Galv+Waxed
Plain
13
12,000
14,000
50 - 58
100 - 117
5/8
11
19,000
23,000
99 - 120
198 - 240
3/4
10
28,000
34,000
175 - 213
350 - 425
7/8
39,000
47,000
284 - 343
569 - 685
51,000
61,000
425 - 508
850 1,017
1-1/8
56,000
67,000
525 - 625
1,050 1,256
1-1/4
71,000
85,000
740 - 885
1,479 1,771
1-3/8
85,000
102,000
974 - 1,169
1,948 2,338
1-1/2
103,000
124,000
1,288 1,550
2,575 3,100
This chart of estimated torque calculations are only offered as a guide. Use of its content by anyone is the sole responsibility of that person and they assume all risk. Due to many variables that affect the torque-tension relationship like human error, surface texture, and lubrication the only way to determine the correct torque is through experimentation under actual joint and assembly conditions.
This chart of estimated torque calculations are only offered as a guide. Use of its content by anyone is the sole responsibility of that person and they assume all risk. Due to many variables that affect the torque-tension relationship like human error, surface texture, and lubrication the only way to determine the correct torque is through experimentation under actual joint and assembly conditions.
Suggested Starting Torque Values
(800) 547-6758 | www.portlandbolt.com
ASTM A193 Grade B7 - UNC
Bolt Size (in)
TPI
Proof Load (lbs)
Clamp Load (lbs)
Tightening Torque (ft lbs)
Galv+Waxed
Galv
Plain
1/4
20
3,350
2,513
13
10
5/16
18
5,500
4,125
11
27
21
3/8
16
8,150
6,113
19
48
38
7/16
14
11,150
8,363
30
76
61
1/2
13
14,900
11,175
47
116
93
9/16
12
19,100
14,325
67
168
134
5/8
11
23,750
17,813
93
232
186
3/4
10
35,050
26,288
164
411
329
7/8
48,500
36,375
265
663
530
63,650
47,738
398
995
796
1 1/8
80,100
60,075
563
1,408
1,126
1 1/4
101,750
76,313
795
1,987
1,590
1 3/8
121,300
90,975
1,042
2,606
2,085
1 1/2
147,550
110,663
1,383
3,458
2,767
1 3/4
199,500
149,625
2,182
5,455
4,364
4 1/2
262,500
196,875
3,281
8,203
6,563
2 1/4
4 1/2
341,250
255,938
4,799
11,997
9,598
2 1/2
420,000
315,000
6,563
16,406
13,125
2 3/4
468,500
351,263
8,050
20,124
16,100
567,150
425,363
10,634
26,585
21,268
3 1/4
674,500
505,875
13,701
34,252
27,402
3 1/2
791,350
593,513
17,311
43,277
34,622
3 3/4
917,700
688,275
21,509
53,771
43,017
1,052,600
789,450
26,315
65,788
52,630
1 1/8
82,934
62,201
583
1,458
1,166
1 1/4
105,006
78,754
820
2,051
1,641
1 3/8
129,492
97,119
1,113
2,782
2,226
1 1/2
156,687
117,515
1,469
3,672
2,938
1 3/4
218,400
163,800
4,778
290,850
218,138
7,271
2 1/4
373,801
280,351
10,513
2 1/2
466,200
349,650
14,569
2 3/4
515,851
386,888
17,732
618,451
463,838
23,192
3 1/4
730,550
547,913
29,679
3 1/2
851,201
638,401
37,240
3 3/4
982,300
736,725
46,045
1,121,950
841,463
56,098
This chart of estimated torque calculations are only offered as a guide. Use of its content by anyone is the sole responsibility of that person and they assume all risk. Due to many variables that affect the torque-tension relationship like human error, surface texture, and lubrication the only way to determine the correct torque is through experimentation under actual joint and assembly conditions.
Suggested Starting Torque Values
(800) 547-6758 | www.portlandbolt.com
ASTM A354 Grade BD / SAE Grade 8
Tightening Torque (ft lbs)
Bolt Size (in)
TPI
Proof Load (lbs)
Clamp Load (lbs)
Lubricated
Plain
1/4
20
3,800
2,850
12
5/16
18
6,300
4,725
12
25
3/8
16
9,300
6,975
22
44
7/16
14
12,750
9,563
35
70
1/2
13
17,050
12,788
53
107
9/16
12
21,850
16,388
77
154
5/8
11
27,100
20,325
106
212
3/4
10
40,100
30,075
188
376
7/8
55,450
41,588
303
606
72,700
54,525
454
909
1 1/8
91,550
68,663
644
1,287
1 1/4
120,000
90,000
938
1,875
1 3/8
138,600
103,950
1,191
2,382
1 1/2
168,600
126,450
1,581
3,161
1 3/4
228,000
171,000
2,494
4,988
4 1/2
300,000
225,000
3,750
7,500
2 1/4
4 1/2
390,000
292,500
5,484
10,969
2 1/2
480,000
360,000
7,500
15,000
2 3/4
517,650
388,238
8,897
17,794
626,850
470,138
11,753
23,507
3 1/4
745,500
559,125
15,143
30,286
3 1/2
874,650
655,988
19,133
38,266
3 3/4
1,014,300
760,725
23,773
47,545
1,163,400
872,550
29,085
58,100
Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Values calculated using industry accepted formula T = KDP where T = Torque, K = torque coefficient (dimensionless), D = nominal diameter (inches), P = bolt clamp load, lb. K values: waxed (e.g. pressure wax as supplied on high strength nuts) = .10, hot dip galvanized = .25, and plain non-plated bolts (as received) = .20. Torque has been converted into ft/lbs by dividing the result of the formula by 12 All calculations are for Coarse Thread Series (UNC). Grade 2 calculations only cover fasteners 1/4"-3/4" in diameter up to 6" long; for longer fasteners the torque is reduced significantly. Clamp loads are based on 75% of the minimum proof loads for each grade and size. Proof load, stress area, yield strength, and other data is based on IFI 7th Edition (2003) Technical Data N68, SAE J429, ASTM A307, A325, A354, A449, and A490.
This chart of estimated torque calculations are only offered as a guide. Use of its content by anyone is the sole responsibility of that person and they assume all risk. Due to many variables that affect the torque-tension relationship like human error, surface texture, and lubrication the only way to determine the correct torque is through experimentation under actual joint and assembly conditions.
