Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

Hxetn Qealiq - 104013 - 'z2 '"Ecg

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 4

@MED

@D AMJ@

D

AEF D@

DNAJ
?= =
E<F =A D C@= AGF

GA= EG
=

104013
 EE? E
AE E O E<


?C

<A?C
E
O E

A>N

AHO #

A
A

E N>DFE<

@ @<AAO@@ EDJO

AELMFAJ

E N>DFE< @N?>@

AHO # =CN =
 AHO ! 

EDE F< @END A<E>


ENADMA O @N=> < 

GJ<@ NADMA EEN<FE AM H NADMA O

ENADMA ENADMA DE@

AEAAO EN<FE

@ > A A O

AA

?A> EH H=MF@ END A<E> DMEE=A< J ENADMA ONJ@A ADFE?NA<AM DE@@ O AEBDNM

NADMAA@ EENF JAM

N?>@ ENADMA

N MG= NADMA ADFE?NA<AM

A G

@?ECE NADMA

=CN = @?AMF

AEN<FE @ NADMA EN MG @ J ENADMA @ J NBH= =NAH A<CGAF @ J

a b = |a||b| cos

O @<LA

KNAAO EOAM AEAAO E<

|a b| = |a||b| sin
ENADMA @ J A EN MG @ J A E=M
 EE HO  =CN =

E=E N CJF

ENOEA

ENAOE

<AAO @?AMF ENAOE NAOE ENOE

A MCN EFO E=

E=M O NADMA A AE H @?AMF EH H=MF NOE A A?AMF O A EC N? N=AHO NOE NOE E= CF NOEA NAOE A EC NOE A?AMF ! <AAO = NAOE EAAB ENAOE E E E=M E E=M

=LEFO NADMA A AE H @?AMF EH H=MF NAOE NOE @ O ?AMF ENAOE ENOE O END NJ @>L@ NOE@ @?AMF A NOE AH O EFAFM @>L@ E=L E E=L E= DL NAOE A NOE E= EE??@ E=L O EE??@ EE??@ END A<E> NOE E= E= NAOE

N? N=AHO NAOE E ?M H NOE O AGJ< A EC

ENAOE O E<F ENOEO E<F

E= MCN

ENOEO E<F

AHO #
@HO 

AM

H@ A

AELMFAJ
EOA EOA

<A=
AN?>@

!
! 

EEND A<E>

@ELMFAJ <A@ @M

H@@

R3 =A R2 = @?AMF N?>@ f : R3 R f : R2 R @ELMFAJ N?>@ O =E N f : R3 R2 f : R R3 @M H@


<CGAF O E EGM @N?>@ AC O IN> E C NA=H END A<E> AH O @ELMFAJ CDO @=A>@ EAAM
@HO 

f:

R2

@=A> EAAM O NOM@ @ N ECDO


EEHA=EN ECDO !

HENE A?A

?C ?E<A A=NJE@

E??L A? DANC

E A=NJE@ ?E<A A=NJ O @=A> EAAM

?E<A A=NJ EEHA=EN@

?E<AGJE < O ECDO EE E >

NA? E C

E A=NJE@@ ?E<A A=NJ@A ?E<A A=NJ@

ECDO @

@HO  =CN =

E AMH

<A=

! !

ND NJ@

AH O

R3

<

[, ]

ND NJ@

AC E<O

@JELN @M

H@

3 O R = @FA

@ <A@ MEO AMH AMH

AMH B<

r (t0 ) = 0

< DJO

EEM @ @NEB> @ELBEND NJ

r(t0 ) @?AMF= MEO A r(t) @ELBEND NJ A OE < M


F@

C <NMF

r (t0 ) = 0 H= AMH < >A? AMH AMH r (t0 ) @?AMF= MEO OE r (t)
A< >A? ECDO EFO O A EC

r =0
END A<E> @NAL= A AMH  ADAOJ HCC
@HO  EGEG= @E>A AJAD ! "

?AMF @CA

J @LA=M

E EFJ @?AMF

EHA=EN @=E=G

E >H

@=E=G CA

J NA?

MCN

ELMFAJ

@ AGC @LA=M @NA>G @LA=M @JO


@HO  A=>@ N?>@ <A= ! #

AN?G

<

A=>

GF

R2
 @ O

A?AMF 

N?G DJO A<=@ A?AMF

@N?G

A=>

R2

A?AMF

O @N?G  = !

AC A@ < AN=DL@@ AMH

A?=AH@ < @ E 

< NE B@ <E@ < A>@F  @

AGF

ADFE?NA<AM@

G<NDONEEA AF<L A= DJO @ AGCA @NA>G <E@ @N?G EN=< H @ELMFAJ A>@F @ NA< EDMJ AM <E@ @LA=M AELMFAJ

< @NA>G <E@ @LA=M  

R2

f (x, y )


@ELMFAJ

O @= N@

AHO &

ANEB>A

AJELN
@HO 

A=>
A=>

"
" 

END A<E>

AH O

f : R2 R x2 y . x0 x4 + y 2 lim
y 0
J

NA=HA

NBH= AMH

E NA<

@N?>@ A=>

A A=>@ @FEE@ EJ

A=>@

N?>@

xy 2 x0 x + y 2 lim
y 0
GJ<

J<AOO @ELMFAJ= @ AGC @ELMFAJ HA NGC EEFH @FOF

H DJO @ ?ECE @F O

AE >H

ADFE?NA<AM

A=> NE B@

O @ELMFAJA KEAA?FG@
@HO  AJELN "

, f (x(t), y (t))
NA=H END A<E> AH O G<NDONEEA EDJO
AE AFA A DF<E?N>@ FAA NB>F NONO@  AHO $

NBH=A

A=>

NBH=

@N?>@ AJELN

= NA @ @ELMFAJ@ NH DJO
NB>F

EEFE=@
EM C

@NEOM @LA=M
" ! ANB>F

AE E=<ELFNJE? @A=> N?G

 KEF=EE

END A<E> AE E=<ELFNJE?@ N?>@

AH O

EM C CDO

NB>F

N?>@

f : R2 R
<AAO EDJO @

NA=H

z = f (x, y )

MEO @ NAOE @

OA O

@JELN <E@ B< @ O AEM C@ ANB>F@ A EEM B< E E=<ELFNJE?

E E=<ELFNJE? E E=<ELFNJE?

f f

< < <

MEO

NAOE

OE

f B< AJELN AEM C@ ANB>F@ f (x(u, v ), y (u, v )) A f (x(t), y (t)) NA=H NONO@ z = f (x, y ) @ O IN> B< E E=<ELFNJE? f (x, y ) < DJO
FAA NB>F DJO

f n

= f n

N>@

@ELMFAJ@

O E

EGM @

A?E>@

AA

HE=L

DF<E?N>@

DF<E?N>@ NADMA =LEF

O AE AEM C @

AFA O DF<E? ANB>F

f
A=NAH @ @NM KEF=EE @ KEF=EE ANB>F@ AEAAO AJELN

O @=A>@ EAAM

f (x, y )

H DJO @ @A=> N?G

F (y ) =

b a f (x, y ) dx ND NJ= EA

N>DFE<

F (y ) =

NA=H DJO @ CAGEF

v (y ) u(y ) f (x, y ) dx

AHO "
@ELMFAJ

 AE
O @NM

A<LA

A A

G@

AELMFAJ@ DJO
A A G@ AELMFAJ@ DJO

F (x, y )
MEO =LEF <

DJO @

C A@ NAOE

@C A@@ AEHNA

F (x, y, z )

@ELMFAJ

F (x, y ) = 0 AMH f O @ N@ ECDO


F x

F (x, y, z ) = 0 CDO f (x, y, z ) O DF<E?N>@ f O


NOE CDO A A G@ AELMFAJ@ DJO

MEO

AEND A<E> =LEF @

A<LA O DF<E?N>@ H DJO @ AE? EEMA

@=A>@ EAAM EM C O E<F

f (x, y )

E AMH

EMEO @ AECN @

= 0

F y

= 0

@FHD

H>AF=

E E=<ELFNJE? < AELMFAJ@ DJO

B<

y = f (x)

F (x, y, z, u, v ) = 0 G(x, y, z, u, v ) = 0 F : R2 R2 @M H@


NH

O @NM O

A A

G@

AELMFAJ@ DJO AH O @ A AJ@@

NA=H <E=AMHE@

END A<E>@

AHO 

EO AO A
 AHO $

E AJ
 E AJ

E N>DFE<
E N>DFE<

$
$ 

E MEGEJA AC H= CDO AMH H= DJO AC CDO N>DFE< @ AGCA AM EFALECA E EFJ CDO @=E H= A = JO  H= AC NA=H @ < CDO DJO AEN<FE  @ = GJ< CDO = DH  AE=EDE?< AC = @FOF N>DFE< EH AJ H= <A@ AM AJ = NEL =

END A<E> AC DJO

AH O EN

@EL=EDA A G H=

= A=N? E A GA

GJ< CDO

AE E=N>DFE< GJ< CDO @JELN @ELMFAJ EFAEAAEO E<

H= <A@

AJELN= @NEB> @ELBEND NJ = DH @JELN @ELMFAJ E E= O AEGEG= AFA AC EAFEO @M H@@ E > CDO
$

N>DFE< AJ

@JELN @ELMFAJ NA=H CAGEF EFE=AJ DJO N>DFE< =AOEC DJO @M H@ O END A<> EN<FE H @ @M H CJF AE? H@@ HCC <E@ GJ< AJ N>DFE<= EF O EEND A<E> @FAO DFFE ND? EAFEO H DJO @ A=N EOA EO H=

N>DFE< =AOEC DJO NEL GCE= DAOJ EF O ENEL@ ?C< GCE= DAOJO

GCE=A AJ H@ < @M E

A< >A?

EAJE

R2 R2

AH O @M EN<FE

N>DFE<= H@ DJO @ AC @G
E AJ

AE >H

ADFE?NA<AM

HCC @M @

H@

EO<N@

= HCC @FFE< AGJ< B N @G

EE MEGEJA

A< >A? @?AMF= <E=AMHE@ @ELNFE< EDF A


 EE HO  E A

O @NM @

E N>DFE<

@ELMFAJ ADAOJ

N>DFE< DJO E AC

E E O E< @ELMFAJ NA=H @N?>@ H E N>DFE<@

E EEM

A  < EGA<>@

E AJ EEM

E N>DFE< E E O E<

A< >A?

O @ AH @N?G EFJ

x2 0 e
HO 

A=>

dx

N>DFE<@ =AOEC
E N>DFE< $ !

 EE

EO AO

B N

@G

CJF

EE MEGEJA

EEND A<E>

EOA EO

AENA?

ADFE?NA<AM

AE E >

ADFE?NA<AM @G

@ELNFE< EDF A


 AHO " 

AHO &
EN> DJO A

ENADMA @BE F<


EEAAM E N>DFE<

%
% 

AEND A<E>A @FHD

AE MEGEJ EAAM

AEAH O N>DFE<

AO<N@ >AG@ ENADMA @?O

EAAM

N>DFE< @M

NA< H@ EG

H= O

AMH END A<>

AMH B N

NA< @G AJE@

E E > CDO EFO@ >AG@

O CDO @G < JA@

R2 R2

AH O

EFO@ >AG@

EAAM@

N>DFE<@

A G @ AAE EN> DJO


@?O

A< >A?
 EE

CDO =AOEC

HO  E? E

A? N O

EHE=N@ @ AMO@ @FHD@ NOM DAOJ EN A>FEG N O @?O

AC

A AMO@ AFA

H DJO @ AE

y x A 2 + x2 + @?O@ x +y 2 y2
EECDO E N>DFE<

AFHD@ OA O

H DJO @

AHO 

 GMADGA GA<> EDJO A

% !

ECDO <NMF CDO CDO CDO O AAE O CDO N?>@

AELBEND NJ EEM @

A< >A?

R2 R3
CDO

@M

H@

O @FA

@ <A@ CDO NADMAA@ OE < M C

E??L A?A E??L ?C CDO

NAF <A@

Ru Rv = 0

Ru Rv

AJELN= @NEB>

R(u, v )

@ELBEND NJ A ECDO END A<E> ECDO

AO<N@ >AG@ IDO@ >OA O EFO@ >AG@

N>DFE< AH O N>DFE<

( F ) = 0

AEA@B@

A=N

AEGEG=

AFA

<EG J

E=E N= @N?>@ NADANA KF>N=E? = @ELMFAJ NA=H ANAM

C2
A A=NH ENEL@ ENEL@ NH = NH = A A < < KF>N=E?@ NADAN@

(f ) = 0
GA<> DJO

NGC @?OA N?>@

NGC @?O N=?= AE? A< >A? A< >A? @?O @?O

GA<> DJO = OA EO NOM@ E? E

EN> DJO N?>@ AE

GMADG DJO N O

GMADG DJO = OA EO AFA A

r @?O@ DNJ=A EB N r3

AHO $

ANEB>

AELMFAJ

EOA EO
CGAF

&
& 

@HO  @EOA EOA NA EED

EN<O@

NH@

EF

NJG = @ELMFAJ
 AHO # 

NA EED DJO
AEH= &

ALEM

AEM C

ANB>F

H= @ELMFAJ ALEM

ALEM NH

NH AEM

AEM

ECN @ E<F @FMG A?AMF

DJO AFAA @LEND

AEND A<E> ANB>F@ ANB>F @ @E AEDENM

A< >A?A <A= AGJ< AGJ< AC @ <A@ @ <A@

E E=<ELFNJE? @ELMFAJ

ECN @ E<F A?AOC

AEM C@

AEDENM NM EHA=EN EF= E E O  N?>A

A?AMFA  @LEND

f: f:
DJO

R2

NA=H 

A?AMF AE  DJO <A= AEH= E JA H  NDG= EG AENDE H ALEM @=L@@ DEO <A=

E=AEC

N?>A

@N=> <@ ELA E<

R3

R
H

AEDENM

A?AMF AE  @ELMFAJ DJO

H DJO @

=CN@ @C A@ < AH O

?ECE KA E<

f : R3 R @ELMFAJ NA=H BFN>

f : R2 R

O @NM = ?ECE KA E<

END A<E> H

E JA

f : R2 R @ELMFAJ NA=H BFN>


EE =A > ALEM E NH

ELA E< EFO <EL

"

You might also like