Universitt Konstanz

Nonlinear damped Timoshenko systems with second sound global existence and exponential stability

Salim ! "essaoudi "ichael #oko$ovy %elkacem Said&'ouari

Konstanzer Schri(ten in "athematik und )n(ormatik Nr! *+,- "rz *../ )SSN 0+1.&122/
Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS) URL: http://www.ub.uni-konstanz.de/kops/volltexte/2008/5242/ URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-52427

3 4achbereich "athematik und Statistik 3 4achbereich )n(ormatik und )n(ormationswissenscha(t Universitt Konstanz 4ach 5 0//- 6/+26 Konstanz- 7ermany 8&"ail9 preprints:in(ormatik!uni&konstanz!de ;;;9 http9<<www!in(ormatik!uni&konstanz!de<Schri(ten<

E A=H @= FA@ 6E IDA IOIJA I MEJD IA? @ I K @  C >= ANEIJA ?A = @ ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO
5= E ) AII= K@E E?D=A 2 LO *A =?A 5=E@ 0 K=HE

)>IJH=?J
1 JDEI F=FAH MA ? IE@AH E A=H JDAH A =IJE? IOIJA I B 6E IDA JOFA E = A @E A IE = > K @A@ @ =E 6DA IOIJA D=I JM @EIIEF=JELA A?D= EI I >AE C FHAIA J E JDA AGK=JE B H JH= ILAHIA @EI F =?A A J = @ H J=JE = C A  = BHE?JE = @= FE C = @ = @EIIEF=JE JDH KCD DOFAH> E? DA=J ? @K?JE @A A@ >O +=JJ= A I =M HAIFA? JELA O 6DA C >= ANEIJA ?A B I = I JD I KJE I = @ JDA ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO E E A=H = @ E A=H ?=IAI =HA AIJ=> EIDA@

) 5 + =IIE ?=JE !#*!% !# ## %",# '!,# '!,  AOM H@I 6E IDA IOIJA I JDAH A =IJE?EJO IA? @ I K @ ANF @A?=O E A=HEJO C >= ANEIJA ?A

A JE=

 1 JH @K?JE
1  = IE F A @A @AI?HE>E C JDA JH= ILAHIA LE>H=JE B = >A= LA FA@ 6DEI EI CELA >O = IOIJA B JM ? KF A@ DOFAH> E? AGK=JE B H M=I @A I B JDA 

utt I tt

= (K (ux ))x E (0, ) (0, L), = (EIx )x + K (ux ) E (0, ) (0, L),

MDAHA t @A JAI JDA JE A L=HE=> A = @ x JDA IF=?A L=HE=> A = C = >A= B A CJD L E EJI AGKE E>HEK ? CKH=JE 6DA K M BK ?JE I u = @ @AFA @E C (t, x) (0, ) (0, L) @A JDA JH= ILAHIA @EIF =?A A J B JDA >A= = @ JDA H J=JE = C A B EJI = A J HAIFA?JELA O 6DA ? A ?EA JI I E I = @
=JDA =JE?= 5?EA ?AI ,AF=HJ A J .72 ,D=DH= ! $ 5=K@E )H=>E= =E AII= K@( BKF A@K I= .=?D>AHAE?D =JDA =JE K @ 5J=JEIJE 7 ELAHIEJ J IJ= %&"#% IJ= /AH = O - =E E?D=A 2 LO(K E IJ= @A 7 ELAHIEJ *=@ E DJ=H => H=J EHA @A =JD =JEGKAI )FF EGK AI * 2  ) =>= ! ) CAHEA - =E I=E@D K=HE>(O=D BH

K HAFHAIA J JDA @A IEJO E A JDA =II FAH K EJ A CJD JDA F =H A JK B E AHJE= B = ?H II IA?JE ; K CI @K KI B A =IJE?EJO JDA A JK B E AHJE= B = ?H II IA?JE = @ JDA IDA=H @K KI HAIFA?JELA O E = @ 4A =H@O ? IE@AHA@  E J CAJDAH MEJD JM > K @=HO ? JH I B JDA B H K(t, L) Kux (t, L) EIx (t, L) = ut (t, L) E (0, ), = t (t, L) E (0, )

= @ KIA@ JDA K JEF EAH JA?D EGKAI J AIJ=> EID = ANF A JE= @A?=O HAIK J B H JDA =JKH= A AHCO B  6DAO = I FH LE@A@ I A K AHE?= AIJE =JAI J JDA AECA L= KAI B JDA FAH=J H =II ?E=JA@ MEJD JDA IOIJA  ) = = C KI HAIK J M=I = I AIJ=> EIDA@ >O .A C AJ = E ! MDAHA = IJ=>E E =JE B LE>H=JE I E = 6E IDA IOIJA M=I IJK@EA@ 4=F I AJ = IJK@EA@ E " JDA B ME C IOIJA

1 utt K (ux )x + ut = 0 E (0, ) (0, L), 2 bxx + K (ux ) + t = 0 E (0, ) (0, L), u(t, 0) = u(t, L) = (t, 0) = (t, L) = 0 E (0, )

 

= @ FH LA@ JD=J JDA A AHCO =II ?E=JA@ MEJD   @A?=OI ANF A JE= O 6DEI HAIK J EI IE E =H J JD=J A >O 6=O H # >KJ =I JDAO A JE A@ JDA HECE = EJO B JDAEH M H EAI E JDA AJD @ >=IA@ JDA IA ECH KF JDA HO @ALA FA@ >O EK = @ DA C $ 5 KBO= A = @ 9AD>A ? IE@AHA@ E % JDA IOIJA

utt = (K (ux ))x

E (0, ) (0, L), !

I tt = (EIx )x + K (ux ) bt E (0, ) (0, L), u(t, 0) = u(t, L) = (t, 0) = (t, L) = 0 E (0, ),
MDAHA b EI = F IEJELA ? JE K KI BK ?JE I=JEIBOE C E [a0 , a1 ] [0, L].

b(x) b0 > 0

1 B=?J JDAO FH LA@ JD=J JDA K EB H IJ=>E EJO B ! D @I EB = @ M=LA IFAA@I =HA AGK= E A K EI = , I

O EB JDA

JDAHMEIA O JDA =IO F JE? IJ=>E EJO D=I >AA FH LA@ 6DEI HAIK J E FH LAI FHALE KI AI >O 5 KBO= A & = @ 5DE = @ .A C ' MD FH LA@ = ANF A JE= @A?=O B JDA I KJE B  J CAJDAH MEJD JM ?= O @EIJHE>KJA@ BAA@>=? I 4A?A J O 4ELAH= = @ 4=? A  >J=E A@ = IE E =H HAIK J E = M H MDAHA JDA @= FE C BK ?JE b = b(x) EI = MA@ J ?D= CA EJI IEC ) I 4ELAH= = @ 4=? A  JHA=JA@ = E A=H 6E IDA JOFA IOIJA B JDA B H

1 tt 1 (x , )x = 0, 2 tt (x )x + 2 (x , ) + dt = 0

E = A @E A IE = > K @A@ @ =E 6DA @EIIEF=JE EI FH @K?A@ DAHA JDH KCD = BHE?JE = @= FE C MDE?D EI O FHAIA J E JDA AGK=JE B H JDA H J=JE = C A 6DA =KJD HI C=LA = = JAH =JELA FH B B H = A?AII=HO = @ IK ?EA J ? @EJE B H ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO E JDA E A=H ?=IA = @ JDA FH LA@ = F O E= IJ=>E EJO E CA AH= HA LAH JDAO E LAIJEC=JA@ JDA C >= ANEIJA ?A B I = I JD I KJE I = @ ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO E JDA E A=H ?=IA :K = @ ;K C  IJK@EA@ = IOIJA B 6E IDA >A= I MEJD F E JMEIA BAA@>=? ? JH I A@ B H JDA E B H =JE => KJ JDA AECA L= KAI = @ AECA BK ?JE I B JDA IOIJA = @ KIA@ JDEI E B H =JE J AN= E A JDA IJ=>E EJO B JDA IOIJA ) =H D @ = AJ = ! ? IE@AHA@ = E A=H 6E IDA JOFA IOIJA MEJD = A HO JAH B JDA B H

1 tt K (x + )x = 0,
t

"

2 tt bxx +
0

g (t s)xx (s)ds + K (x + ) = 0

E (0, ) (0, L) J CAJDAH MEJD D CA A KI > K @=HO ? @EJE I 6DAO =F F EA@ JDA K JEF EAH JA?D EGKAI = @ FH LA@ JD=J JDA IOIJA EI K EB H O IJ=> A K EB = @ O EB JDA M=LA IFAA@I =HA AGK= E A = b2 = @ g @A?=OI K E 1 B H O 2HA?EIA O JDAO FH LA@ = ANF A JE= @A?=O EB g @A?=OI ANF A JE= O = @F O E= @A?=O EB g @A?=OI F O E= O 6DAO = I HAGKEHA@ I A JA?D E ?= ? @EJE I > JD g = @ g J >J=E JDAEH HAIK J 6DA BAA@>=? B A HO JOFA D=I = I >AA IJK@EA@ >O 5= J I " 0A ? IE@AHA@ = 6E IDA IOIJA = @ ID MA@ JD=J JDA FHAIA IA B JM BAA@>=? I B A HO JOFA =J = IK>IAJ B JDA > K =HO IJ=>E E AI JDA IOIJA K EB H O 0A = I >J=E A@ JDA A AHCO @A?=O H=JA MDE?D EI AN=?J O JDA @A?=O H=JA B JDA HA =N=JE BK ?JE I 5DE = @ .A C # E LAIJEC=JA@ = K EB H 6E IDA >A= = @ ID MA@ JD=J JDA LE>H=JE B JDA >A= @A?=OI ANF A JE= O K @AH I A ?= O @EI JHE>KJA@ ? JH I 6 =?DEALA JDAEH C = JDA =KJD HI KIA@ JDA BHAGKA ?O K JE F EAH AJD @ . H 6E IDA IOIJA I B ? =IIE?= JDAH A =IJE?EJO 4ELAH= = @ 4=? A  ? IE@AHA@ E (0, ) (0, L) JDA B ME C IOIJA

1 tt (x , x )x = 0, 1 tt bxx + k (x + ) + x = 0, 3 t xx + tx = 0,

#

MDAHA JDA BK ?JE I = @ @AFA @ (t, x) = @ @A JDA JH= ILAHIA @EIF =?A A J B JDA >A= JDA H J=JE = C A B JDA = A J = @ JDA JA FAH=JKHA @E AHA ?A HAIFA?JELA O 7 @AH =FFH FHE=JA ? @EJE I i b k JDAO FH LA@ IALAH= ANF A JE= @A?=O HAIK JI B H JDA E A=HE A@ IOIJA = @ ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO HAIK J B H JDA ?=IA B @E AHA J M=LA IFAA@I 1 JDA => LA IOIJA JDA DA=J KN EI CELA >O JDA . KHEAHI =M )I = HAIK J MA >J=E = FDOIE?= @EI?HAF= ?O B E EJA DA=J FH F=C=JE IFAA@ 6D=J EI = O JDAH = @EIJKH>= ?A =J = IE C A F E J D=I = E IJ= J= A KI A A?J ALAHOMDAHA !

E JDA A@EK -NFAHE A JI ID MA@ JD=J DA=J ? @K?JE E I A @EA A?JHE? ?HOIJ= I =J M JA FAH=JKHAI EI BHAA B JDEI F=H=@ N HA LAH JDA @EIJKH>= ?AI >AE C = IJ A JEHA O JDAH = FH F=C=JA =J = EJA IFAA@ 6DEI FDA A E @EA A?JHE? ?HOIJ= I EI ?= A@ IA? @ I K @ 6 LAH? A JDEI FDOIE?= F=H=@ N = O JDA HEAI D=LA >AA @ALA FA@ A B MDE?D IKCCAIJI JD=J MA ID K @ HAF =?A JDA . KHEAHI =M

q + x = 0
>O I ?= A@ +=JJ= A I =M

qt + q + x = 0.
.AM HAIK JI ? ?AH E =I MA =I MA= I KJE J=> EIDA@ LAH JDA F=IJ JDA B ME C A @E A C ANEIJA ?A > M KF = @ =IO FJ JE? >AD=LE H B I JD I E JDAH A =IJE?EJO MEJD IA? @ I K @ D=LA >AA AI JM @A?=@AI 6=H=>A % JHA=JA@ FH > A I HA =JA@ J IE = IOIJA

utt a(ux , , q )uxx + b(ux , , q )x t + g (ux , , q )qx + d(ux , , q )utx (ux , )qt + q + k (ux , )x

= = =

1 (ux , )qqx , 2 (ux , )qqt , 0

$

E > JD > K @A@ = @ K > K @A@ IEJK=JE I = @ AIJ=> EIDA@ C >= ANEIJA ?A HAIK JI B H I = E EJE= @=J= 0A = I ID MA@ JD=J JDAIA
? =IIE?=  I KJE I JA @ J AGKE E>HEK =I t JA @I J E EJO 0 MALAH @A?=O H=JA D=I >AA @EI?KIIA@ 4=? A & @EI?KIIA@ =JA O $ = @ AIJ=> EIDA@ ANF A JE= @A?=O HAIK JI B H IALAH= E A=H = @ E A=H E EJE= > K @=HO L= KA FH > A I 1 F=HJE?K =H DA IJK@EA@ JDA IOIJA $ B H = HECE@ O ? = FA@ A@EK MEJD JDA JA FAH=JKHA DA @ ? IJ= J JDA > K @=HO E A

u(t, 0) = u(t, 1) = (t, 0) = (t, 1) =

E (0, ),

= @ ID MA@ B H IK ?EA J O I = E EJE= @=J= = @ 1 = 2 = 0 JD=J JDA ? =IIE?= I KJE @A?=OI ANF A JE= O J = AGKE E>HEK IJ=JA AII= K@E = @ 5=E@ 0 K=HE ' ANJA @A@ JDA @A?=O HAIK J B & B H 1 = @ 2 JD=J =HA J A?AI I=HE O AH + ?AH E C JDA K JE @E A IE = ?=IA n = 2, 3 4=? A  AIJ=> EIDA@ = ANEIJA ?A HAIK J B H JDA B ME C n @E A IE = FH > A

utt u ( + ) @EL u + = 0, (t, x) (0, ) , t + @EL q + @EL ut = 0, (t, x) (0, ) , qt + q + = 0, (t, x) (0, ) , u(0, x) = u0 (x), ut (0, x) = u1 (x), (0, x) = 0 (x), q (0, x) = q0 (x), u(t, x) = (t, x) = 0, (t, x) (0, ) ,
%

MDAHA EI = > K @A@ @ =E B Rn MEJD = I JD > K @=HO u = u(t, x) Rn EI JDA @EIF =?A A J LA?J H = (t, x) EI JDA JA FAH=JKHA @E AHA ?A q = "

q (t, x) Rn EI JDA DA=J KN = @ =HA F IEJELA ? IJ= JI MDAHA =HA = @K E = @ EI JDA HA =N=JE JE A >AE C = I = F=H= AJAH ? F=HA@ J JDA JDAHI 1 F=HJE?K =H EB = 0 JDA IOIJA % HA@K?AI J JDA IOIJA B JDAH A =IJE?EJO E MDE?D JDA DA=J KN EI CELA >O . KHEAHI =M E IJA=@ B +=JJ= A I =M 0A = I FH LA@ K @AH ? @EJE u = q = 0 = ANF A JE= @A?=O HAIK J B H % 6DEI HAIK J EI A=IE O ANJA @A@ J JDA H=@E= O IO AJHE? I KJE I =I JDAO I=JEIBO JDA => LA ? @EJE AII= K@E  E LAIJEC=JA@ JDA B ME C FH > A utt u ( + ) @EL u + = |u|p2 u, (t, x) (0, ) , t + @EL q + @EL ut = 0, (t, x) (0, ) , qt + q + = 0, (t, x) (0, ) , & u(0, x) = u0 (x), ut (0, x) = u1 (x), (0, x) = 0 (x), q (0, x) = q0 (x), x u(t, x) = (t, x) = 0, (t, x) (0, )
B H p > 2 MDAHA = E A=H I KH?A JAH EI ? FAJE C MEJD JDA @= FE C ?=KIA@ >O JDA DA=J ? @K?JE = @ AIJ=> EIDA@ = ?= ANEIJA ?A HAIK J 0A = I ID MA@ JD=J I KJE I MEJD AC=JELA E EJE= A AHCO > M KF E EJA JE A 6DA > M KF HAIK J M=I JDA E FH LA@ >O AII= K@E = @ 5=E@ 0 K=HE J =?? @=JA ?AHJ=E I KJE I MEJD F IEJELA E EJE= A AHCO 1 JDA FHAIA J M H MA =HA ? ?AH A@ MEJD

1 tt (x , )x + t = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 2 tt bxx + k (x + ) + x = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 3 t + qx + tx = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 0 qt + q + x = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L),

'

MDAHA = (t, x) EI JDA @EIF =?A A J LA?J H = (t, x) EI JDA H J=JE = C A B JDA = A J = (t, x) EI JDA JA FAH=JKHA @E AHA ?A q = q (t, x) EI JDA DA=J KN LA?J H 1 2 3 b k 0 =HA F IEJELA ? IJ= JI 6DA E A=H BK ?JE EI =IIK A@ J >A IK ?EA J O I JD = @ I=JEIBO

x (0, 0) = (0, 0) = k
= @

x x (0, 0) = x (0, 0) = = 0.

6DEI IOIJA @A I JDA JH= ILAHIA LE>H=JE B = >A= IK> A?J J JDA DA=J ? @K?JE CELA >O +=JJ= A I =M E IJA=@ B JDA KIK= . KHEAHI A 9A ID K @ JA DAHA JD=J @EIIEF=JELA A A?JI B DA=J ? @K?JE E @K?A@ >O +=JJ= A I =M =HA KIK= O MA= AH JD= JD IA E @K?A@ >O . KHEAHI =M = FF IEJA A A?J M=I >IAHLA@ JD KCD E !  6DEI KIJE AI JDA FHAIA ?A B JDA ANJH= @= FE C JAH E JDA HIJ AGK=JE B ' 1 B=?J EB = 0 .AH @A 5=HA = @ 4=? A " D=LA FH LA@ HA?A J O JD=J ' EI CAH ANF A JE= O IJ=> A ALA E JDA ?=IA B AGK= FH F=C=JE IFAA@ 1 /2 = k/b) HA LAH JDAO ID MA@ JD=J JDEI K ANFA?JA@
FDA A JDA II B ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO J= AI F =?A ALA E #

JDA FHAIA ?A B = LEI? A =IJE? @= FE C E JDA IA? @ AGK=JE B ' 1B > 0 >KJ = 0 A ?= = I FH LA MEJD JDA =E@ B IA ECH KF JDA HO ?B $ 5A?JE " JD=J JDA IOIJA EI J ANF A JE= IJ=> A E @AFA @A J B JDA HA =JE >AJMAA ? A ?EA JI KH =E EI J ID M JD=J JDA FHAIA ?A B BHE?JE = @= FE C t E JDA HIJ AGK=JE B ' ME @HELA JDA IOIJA J IJ=>E EJO E = ANF A JE= H=JA E @AFA @A J B JDA M=LA IFAA@I E E A=H = @ E A=H ?=IAI 6DA IJHK?JKHA B JDA F=FAH EI =I B MI 1 IA?JE MA @EI?KII JDA MA F IA@ AII = @ ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO B JDA E A=HE A@ FH > A B H = = q = 0 JDA > K @=HO 1 IA?JE ! MA AIJ=> EID JDA I= A HAIK J B H x = = q = 0 JDA > K @=HO 1 IA?JE " MA IJK@O JDA E A=H IOIJA IK> A?J J JDA > K @=HO ? @EJE I x = = q = 0 ID M JDA C >= K EGKA I L=>E EJO = @ ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO B H I = E EJE= @=J=

E A=H ANF

A JE= IJ=>E EJO  = = q = 0

LA EA ?A >O I?= E C JDA IOIJA ' MA JH= IB H

. H JDA I= A B JA?D E?= ? EJ J = AGKEL= A J B H

1 tt (x , )x + t = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 2 tt bxx + k (x + ) + x = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 3 t + qx + tx = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 0 qt + q + x = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L),
MEJD I A JDAH ? B H = AM k  = @ 1 JDEI IA?JE IJ= JI = @ JDA E A=H BK ?JE



IJE I=JEIBOE C F IIE> O

  

x (0, 0) = (0, 0) = k x x (0, 0) = x (0, 0) = = 0.

MA ? IE@AH JDA E A=HE =JE B  CELA >O

1 tt k (x + )x + t = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 2 tt bxx + k (x + ) + x = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 3 t + qx + tx = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 0 qt + q + x = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L),
? F AJA@ >O JDA B ME C > K @=HO = @ E EJE= ? @EJE I

!

(t, 0) = (t, L) = (t, 0) = (t, L) = q (t, 0) = q (t, L) = 0 E (0, ), (0, ) = 0 , t (0, ) = 1 , (0, ) = 0 , t (0, ) = 1 , (0, ) = 0 , q (0, ) = q0 .

" #

9A FHAIA J = >HEAB @EI?KIIE B JDA MA F IA@ AII = @ JDA IA ECH KF B H K =JE B !# . H JDEI FKHF IA MA IAJ V := (, t , , t , , q )t = @ >IAHLA JD=J V I=JEI AI Vt = AV , $ V (0) = V0 $

MDAHA V0 := (0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , q0 )t = @ A EI JDA @E AHA JE= FAH=J H 0 1 0 0 0 0 k k 2 0 0 0 1 x 1 1 x 0 0 0 1 0 0 A= . k b 2 k 0 0 2 x 0 2 x 2 x 2 0 0 0 3 x 0 x 2 0 0 0 0 x 0 0 6DA A AHCO IF=?A

1 1 H := H0 ((0, L)) L2 ((0, L)) H0 ((0, L)) L2 ((0, L)) L2 ((0, L)) L2 ((0, L))

EI = 0E >AHJ IF=?A MEJD HAIFA?J J JDA E

AH FH @K?J

V, W

= + +

L2 ((0,L)) 3 1 3 1 3 b Vx , Wx L2 ((0,L)) + k Vx + V , Wx + W 3 L2 ((0,L)) 3 V 5 , W 5 L2 ((0,L)) + 0 V 6 , W 6

1 V 1 , W 1

L2 ((0,L))

+ 2 V 4 , W 4

B H = V, W H 6DA @

=E

B A EI JDA

1 1 ((0, L)) ((0, L)), V 2 , V 3 H0 D(A) = {V H | V 1 , V 3 H 2 ((0, L)) H0 1 5 1 V 5 , V 6 H0 ((0, L)), Vx H0 ((0, L))}.

1J EI A=IO J ID M =?? H@E C J

& JDA L= E@ AII B

=  6DA FAH=J H A D=I JDA B

A EI @EIIEF=JELA

ME C FH FAHJEAI

 D(A) = H = @ A EI ? IA@

! D(A) = D(A )
M >O JDA LEHJKA B JDA 0E A ; IE@= JDA HA MA D=LA JDA B ME C HAIK J

6DA HA

1B V0 D(A) JDA K EGKA I KJE V C 1 ([0, ), H) C 0 ([0, ), D(A)) J $ EI CELA >O V (t) = eAt V0 1B V0 D(An ) B H n N JDA V C 0 ([0, ), D(An ))
KH ANJ =E EI J >J=E = ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO HAIK J B H JDA A AHCO BK ?JE = E (t) = E (t; , , , q ) CELA >O

 A CA AH=JAI = C0 IA ECH KF B ? JH=?JE I {eAt }t0

E (t; , , , q ) =

1 2

L 0

2 2 2 2 2 (1 2 t + 2 t + bx + k (x + ) + 3 + 0 q )dx.

9A B H K =JA = @ FH LA JDA B

ME C JDA HA

6DA HA

AJ (, , , q ) >A JDA K EGKA I KJE J !# 6DA JDAHA ANEIJ JM F IEJELA ? IJ= JI C = @ E @AFA @A J B t = @ JDA E EJE= @=J= IK?D JD=J q ) CE (0; , , , q )e2t B H = t 0, E (t; , , ,
(t, x) = (t, x) MDAHA
JDA O=FK
1 L L (s)ds 0 0

2H

B 6 ID M JDA ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO B JDA A AHCO BK ?JE = MA KIA

LI AJD @ E A MA ? IJHK?J = O=FK L BK ?JE = L I=JEIBOE C

1 E (t) L(t) 2 E (t),

B H F IEJELA ? IJ= JI 1 2 = @

t0

d L(t) 2L(t), dt
B HI

t0

A > 0 6DEI ME >A =?DEALA@ >O = ?=HABK ?D E?A B K JEF E?=J HI K JEF OE C E L2 ((0, L)) JDA HIJ AGK=JE E ! >O t JDA IA? @ >O t JDA JDEH@ >O = @ JDA B KHJD >O q = @ F=HJE= O E JACH=JE C MA >J=E

d E (t) = dt
)I E $ AJ w >A = I KJE J

L 0

2 t dx

L 0

q 2 dx.

%

wxx = x ,
= @ AJ
L

w(0) = w(L) = 0 0 q dx.

@ AGK=JE E !

I1 :=
0

2 t + 1 t w

6DA

MA >J=E J= E C E J =?? K J JDA IA?

L L

d dt

2 t d x = 2
0 L 0 2 t dx + b L

2 t + tt dx L L

= 2
0

xx dx k
0 0

(x + ) dx
0

x dx.

.KHJDAH MA CAJ KIE C JDA HIJ = @ JDA B KHJD AGK=JE

I E !

d dt

1 t wdx = 1
0 L 0

(tt w + t wt ) dx
L 2 wx dx L L L

= k
0

x dx + k
0

t wdx + 1
0 0 L

t wt dx,

d dt

0 0 q dx =
L

t q d x +
0 L

(q + x )dx
0 L

t q dx +
0

q dx +
0 0

x dx.

&

*O KIE C JDA => LA E AGK= EJEAI MA

@
L 0

d I 1 = 2 dt

L 0

2 t dx b

L 0

2 x dx k L

2 dx + k
0

2 wx dx

t w d x + 1
0 0 L 0

t wt dx
L 0

t q dx +
0 L 0

q dx.
0

>IAHLE C

2 wx dx L2 2

2 dx c

2 x dx,

&

MEJD JDA 2 E ?=H ?

IJ= J c =
L 0

> 0 MA ?
L 0

? K@A KIE C JDA ; K CI E AGK= EJO

d I 1 2 dt + + 2

L 0

2 dx b t

2 dx k x

2 dx + k
0 L 0 L 0 2 1 wt +

2 dx

L 0 L 0

1 w 2 +

1 2 1 t dx + 1 2 1 2 q dx + 1 2
L 0

1 2 dx 1 t 1 2 q dx 1
L 0 2 dx t

0 2

2 1 t +

1 2 +

1 b 2 +
B HI

c c2 +
L 0

2 d x + 2 + x

1 0 1 c + 2
L 0

1 ( + 1 ) 21

2 t dx +

1 21

0 +

q 2 dx.

'

A 1 > 0 ANJ MA ? IE@AH JDA BK ?JE

= I2 CELA >O
L

I2 := 1
0

t dx.

1J A=IE O B

MI JD=J
L L

d I 2 = 1 dt
L

tt dx + 1
0 0

2 t dx
L L

=
0

k (x + )x dx
0 L

t dx + 1
0 L

2 t dx
L

= k
0

2 x dx + k

x dx
0 0

t dx + 1
0

2 t dx,

MDE?D ?= >A AIJE =JA@ >O

d I2 k dt + 2

L 0 L 0

2 x dx +

k 2

L 0

2 2 +

1 2 dx 2 x
L 0

2 2 +

1 2 d x + 1 2 t

2 t dx

'

 k +
B HI

2 c (k + ) 2
L 0

L 0

2 x dx +

k 22

L 0

2 x dx

+ 1 22

2 t dx
A@ >O

 

A 2 > 0 ANJ MA ? IE@AH = BK ?JE A N1 > 0 = @ ?

= I3 @A

I3 := N1 I1 + I2
B HI >E E C ' = @   =HHELA =J
L 0

d 1 I3 N1 b dt 2 k + N1

c2 +

c
L

k 22

2 dx x L 0 2 t dx

2 c (k + ) 2

2 x dx + N1 2 +
L 0

1 0 1 c + 2

1 ( + 1 ) + 21 0 +

+ 1 22
L 0

2 t dx
 

1 + N1 21

q 2 dx.

)J JDEI F E J MA E JH @K?A

(t, x) = (t, x) 1 L

0 (x)dx.
0

q ) I=JEI AI IOIJA A ?= A=IE O LAHEBO JD=J (, , , ?= =FF O JDA 2 E ?=H E AGK= EJO J
L 0

!

HA LAH

2 (t, x)dx c
0

2 (t, x)dx, x

L IE ?A 0 (t, x)dx = 0 B H = t 0 7 JE JDA A @ B JDEI ?D=FJAH MA ID= M H >KJ @A JA EJ MEJD MEJD L 2 dx MA E JH @K?A =I E $ JDA 1 H@AH J >J=E = AC=JELA JAH B 0 t B ME C BK ?JE = L x

I4 (t) := 2 3
0 0

(t, y )dy t (t, x)dx,

= @

d I4 = dt

L 0 L 0

3 t dy 2 t dx +
0 x 0

3 dy 2 tt dx

=
0 L 0 x

qx + tx dy 2 t dx 3 dy (bxx k (x + ) x )dx
0 0



= 2
0 L

2 t dx 2

qt dx b3
0 L x 0

x dx
L

+ k3
0

dx k3
0 0

dy dx + 3
0

2 dx.

6DEI ?= >A AIJE =JA@ =I B

MI

d I4 2 dt + +

L 0

2 t dx +

2 2
L 0

L 0

2 4 t +

b3 1 2 q dx + 4 2
L 0

L 0

2 4 x

1 2 k3 dx + 4 2 1 4
x 2

4 2 +

1 2 k3 dx + 4 2 2 dx 4 3 (b + kc) 2 3 (b + k + kc) 24

4 2 dx

dy
0

dx + 3
0 L 0 2 t dx +

4 2 = 2 + 2 + + 4 k3 c 2 2 24
L 0 L 0

L 0

2 x dx L 0

2 x dx + 3 +

2 dx
 

q 2 dx

B H =H>EJH=HO F IEJELA 4 = @ 4 .E = O MA IAJ

L x

I5 (t) := 0 3
0

q (t, x)
0

(t, y )dy dx

= @ >IAHLA

d I5 (t) = 3 dt = 3

0 qt
0 L 0

dy dx 0
0 x

q
0

3 t dy dx

(q x )
0 L 0 x

dy dx

0
0 L

q
0 x

qx tx dy dx
L x

= 3
0

q
0 L

dy dx + 3
0 x

x
0 L

dy dx
x

+ 0
0

q
0 L

qx dy dx + 0
0 x 2

q
0

tx dy dx
L

3 2

5
0 L 0

2 dy
L 0

1 2 q 5

d x 3
0

2 dx

+ 0
0

q 2 dx +

0 2

2 5 t +

1 2 q dx 5



3 +

5 3 c 2 3 0 + 25 25

L 0

2 dx +
L 0

5 0 2

L 0

2 t dx

+ 0 +

q 2 dx

 ! = F (t) >O

B H F IEJELA 5 = @ 5 . H N, N4 , N5 > 0 MA ?= @A

A = =KNE E=HO BK ?JE

F (t) := N E + I3 + N4 I4 + N5 I5 .
.H     = @  ! MA D=LA JDA
L 0 L 0 2 x d x C x L 0 L

d F (t) Cx dt C
MDAHA

2 x dx Ct
L 0

L 0

2 t dx

2 dx Ct

2 t d x Cq

q 2 dx,

 "

Cx = N1 b C x = C t = C = Ct = Cq = k

1 2

c2 +

k N4 4 3 (b + kc) , 22 2

2 c(k + ) N4 4 k3 c , 2 2 4 2 1 0 0 N4 2 N1 2 + 1 c + N5 5 , 2 2 2 3 5 3 c (b + k + kc) , N4 3 + N5 3 2 24 1 N N1 ( + 1 ) + 1 , 21 22 0 2 3 0 1 + N4 N 5 0 + + . N N1 21 24 25 25

+D IE C 1 2 4 5 IK ?EA J O I = JDA N1 = @ N4 IK ?EA J O =HCA = O N 4 IK ?EA J O I = N5 IK ?EA J O =HCA 5 IK ?EA J O I = = @ IK ?EA J O =HCA MA ?= =IIKHA JD=J

1 < N1 >

c2

2b , + c k
1 2

2 <

2k , c(k + )
c

4 <

2 ,

5 <

2 , c

22 b

c2 +

N4 >

0 1 N1 2 + 2 1 c + , 4 2 2 2 1 2N1 b 2 c2 + 4 < min N4 3 (b + kc)

2 2 k 2 c(k + ) , , N4 k3 c

N5 > 5 <

N4 3 + 2

3 24

(b + k + kc)

3 c 3 5 2 2 N4 2 4 2

,
1 2

N 1 2 + N5 0
22

1 c +

N > max

N1 21 1 ( + 1 ) + N1 1 21 0 +

+ 1

, .

+ N4

2 3 0 + N5 0 + + 24 2 5 25

0=LE C NA@ JDA ? IJ= JI =I => LA MA @ JD=J = JDA JAH I JDA HECDJ D= @ IE@A B  " =HA AC=JELA d M MA D=LA J AIJE =JA d t F (t) LAHIKI d2 E (t) B H = d2 > 0 *O AJJE C 1 C := 2 min{Cx , Cx } MA ? ? K@A BH  " JD=J

d F (t) C dt
C c

L 0 RL
0

2 x d x C 2 dx

L 0

2 x dx (Cx C )

L 0

2 x dx

Ct

2 t d x C L 0

L 0

2 dx Ct +
2

L 0

2 t d x Cq
L

L 0

q 2 dx

C min C, c
L

2 x
L 0

dx (Cx C )
L 0

2 x dx

2 1 2 (x + )

Ct

2 t d x C L

2 dx Ct
L 0

2 t d x Cq
L 0

L 0

q 2 dx

C t

2 t d x C t
L 0

2 t dx (Cx C ) L 0

2 x dx L 0

min C, C c 2
L 0

(x + )2 dx C

2 dx Cq

q 2 dx
 #

d1
MEJD

2 2 2 2 2 (2 t + t + x + (x + ) + + q )dx.

d1 := min Ct , Ct , (Cx C ),
. H d2 :=
2d1 max{1 ,2 ,b,k,3 ,0 }

min C, C c , C , Cq 2

 $

MA ?= JDAHAB HA AIJE =JA

d F (t) d2 E (t). dt

!

.E = O MA ? JDEI

IE@AH JDA BK ?JE

= H (t) := I3 + N4 I4 + N5 I5 = @ ID M B H

|H (t)| CE (t),
L 0 L 0

C > 0.
L 0

*O KIE C JDA JHELE= HA =JE

2 dx 2c
IJ= J c =

(x + )2 dx + 2c2
MA =HELA =J

2 x dx

MEJD JDA 2 E ?=H ?

L

L2 2

|H (t)| = |N1 I1 + I2 + N4 I4 + N5 I5 | N1 |I1 | + |I2 | + N4 |N4 | + N5 |I5 | = N1

0 L x

2 t + 1 t w

0 q dx + 1

t dx
0 L x

+ N4 2 3
0 0

(t, x)dy t (t, x)dx + N5 0 3

0 L 0 L 2 t dx +

q
0 L 0

dy dx
2 x dx

N1 + + 0 c 2

2 2

2 c 2
L 0

L 0

2 x dx +

1 2

L 0 L 0

2 t dx + 2 t dx +
L 0

1 c2 2
L 0

2 dx + x L

0 2

q 2 dx
L 2 t dx

1 2 +

2 dx
L 0

2 3 N4 2
L 0

c
0

2 dx +
0 L 0

0 3 N5 2
L 2 x dx L 0

q 2 dx + c

2 dx

C t

2 t + C t
L 0

2 t dx + C x L 0

+ +C x
MDAHA JDA ?

(x + )2 dx + C

q 2 dx + C

q 2 dx,

 %

C t C x + C x

IJ= JI =HA @AJAH E A@ =I B MI 1 1 := (N1 2 + 2 3 N4 ) , := (N1 1 + 1 ) , C t 2 2 1 N1 0 c 2 := N1 2 c + N1 1 c + + 21 c2 , 2 := 1 (N4 2 3 c + N5 3 0 c) , C q := 1 N1 0 + N5 3 0 . := 1 c, C 2 2

(t) B H )?? H@E C J  % MA D=LA |H (t)| CE := C

6= E C

, C , C , C + , C , C q max C t t x x min {1 , 2 , b, k, 3 , 0 }
E C = O=FK

.
L BK ?JE =  &

> max{N, C } = @ @A = ON

E + H (t) = N E + I3 + N4 I4 + N5 I5 , L(t) := N
"

MA >J=E

JDA

A D= @

1 E (t) L(t) 2 E (t) C > 0 2 := N +C >0 B H 1 := N

JDA JDAH D= @ MA M JD=J

 '

d d2 L(t) d2 E (t) L(t). dt 2

*O KIE C JDA /H M= I A = MA ? ? K@A B H :=
d2 22

JD=J

L(t) e2t 0).

-LA JK= O  ' OEA @I

E (t) Ce2t E (0)

MEJD C :=
2 1

E A=H ANF

A JE= IJ=>E EJO  x = = q = 0

@EJE I MA =HA C E C J IJK@O E JDEI F=FAH EI !

6DA IA?

@ IAJ B > K @=HO ?

x (t, 0) = x (t, L) = (t, 0) = (t, L) = q (t, 0) = q (t, L) = 0 E (0, ).

0AHA MA ? IE@AH JDA E EJE= > K @=HO L= KA FH > A ! # ! 9A ME FHAIA J = IA ECH KF B H K =JE B JDEI FH > A ID M JDA ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO B JDA =II ?E=JA@ IA ECH KF = @ = A AIJE =JAI DECDAH A AHCEAI 6DEI ME A => A KI J FH LA C >= ANEIJA ?A = @ ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO = I E E A=H IAJJE CI AJ
2 L2 ((0, L)) = u L ((0, L)) 1 ((0, L)) = u H 1 ((0, L)) H L

u(x)dx = 0 ,
0 L

u(x)dx = 0 .
0

9A E JH @K?A = 0E >AHJ IF=?A

1 1 2 2 2 H := H ((0, L)) L2 ((0, L)) H0 ((0, L)) L ((0, L)) L ((0, L)) L ((0, L))

AGKEFFA@ MEJD JDA E

AH FH @K?J
L2 ((0,L)) 3 3 1 3 1 b Vx , Wx L2 ((0,L)) + k Vx + V , Wx + W 3 L2 ((0,L)) 3 V 5 , W 5 L2 ((0,L)) + 0 V 6 , W 6 L2 ((0,L)) .

V, W

= + +

1 V 1 , W 1

L2 ((0,L))

+ 2 V 4 , W 4

#

AJ JDA FAH=J H A >A B H = O @A

A@ =I E IA?JE

MEJD JDA @

=E

1 1 1 D(A) = {V H | V 1 H 2 ((0, L)), Vx H0 ((0, L)), V 2 H ((0, L)), 1 V 3 H 2 ((0, L)), V 4 H0 ((0, L)), 1 1 V 5 H ((0, L)), V 6 H0 ((0, L))}.

5AJJE C V := (, t , , t , , q )t MA >IAHLA JD=J V I=JEI AI

Vt = AV , V (0) = V0
MDAHA V0 := (0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , q0 )t *O =IIKHE C JD=J A I=JEI AI JDA ? ?= A=IE O CAJ @EJE I B JDA 0E A ; IE@= JDA HA

!

MA

6DA HA

1B V0 D(A) JDA JDA K EGKA I KJE V C 1 ([0, ), H) C 0 ([0, ), D(A)) J ! EI CELA >O V (t) = eAt V0 1B V0 D(An ) B H n N JDA V C 0 ([0, ), D(An ))
HA LAH MA ?= ID M JD=J JDA O=FK L BK ?JE =  & ? IJHK?JA@ E IA?JE EI = I = O=FK L BK ?JE = B H ! >IAHLE C B H JDA A AHCO E (t) B JDA K EGKA I KJE (, , , q ) JD=J

! A CA AH=JAI = C0 IA ECH KF B ? JH=?JE I {eAt }t0

E (t) =
D @I E @AFA @A J B t MA >J=E IA ECH KF {eAt }t0

1 V 2

2 H

JDA ANF

A JE= IJ=>E EJO B JDA =II ?E=JA@

EA

6DA HA

" 6DA IA ECH KF {eAt }t0 =II ?E=JA@ MEJD A EI ANF A JE= IJ=> A
c1 > 0 t 0 V0 H : eAt V0
H

c1 et V0

H.

! 

5E E =H J $ MA >IAHLA JD=J EB V0 D(A) MA ?= AIJE =JA AV (t) E JDA I= A M=O =I V (t) EI AIJE =JA@ E !  E F OE C E EJI JKH KIE C JDA IJHK?JKHA 1 2 3 4 5 6 B A JD=J (Vx , Vx , Vx , Vx , Vx , Vx ) ?= >A AIJE =JA@ E JDA H B H DA ?A A ?= AIJE =JA ((x )x , (t )x , (x )x , (t )x , x , qx )t E L2 ((0, L))6 9A @A A B H s N JDA 0E >AHJ IF=?A

Hs := (H s H s1 H s H s1 H s1 H s1 )((0, L))
MEJD =JKH= H 5 > AL H B H EJI ? => LA MA ?= JDAHAB HA AIJE =JA F
Hs e

A J 7IE C JDA ?
t

IE@AH=JE !!

V (t) cs @A
JAI DAHA = F IEJELA ?

Hs

cs V0

IJ= J >AE C E @AFA @A J B V0 = @ t

$

"
1 JDEI IA?JE

E A=H ANF
MA IJK@O JDA

A JE= IJ=>E EJO

E A=H IOIJA

1 tt (x , )x + t = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 2 tt bxx + k (x + ) + x = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 3 t + qx + tx = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L), 0 qt + q + x = 0, (t, x) (0, ) (0, L),
? F AJA@ >O JDA > K @=HO !"

(t, 0) = (t, L) = (t, 0) = (t, L) = q (t, 0) = q (t, L) = 0 E (0, ),

= @ JDA E EJE= ? @EJE I

!#

(0, ) = 0 , t (0, ) = 1 , (0, ) = 0 , q (0, ) = q0 .

(0, ) = 0 ,

t (0, ) = 1 ,
!$

)I >AB HA JDA ? IJ= JI 1 2 3 b k 0 =HA =IIK A@ J >A F IEJELA 6DA E A=H BK ?JE EI =IIK A@ J >A IK ?EA J O I JD = @ J I=JEIBO x (0, 0) = (0, 0) = k !% = @

x x (0, 0) = x (0, 0) = = 0.
IF 6 >J=E = @E C D ?= MA F IA@ AII HAIK J MA D=LA HIJ J ? CA A KI E A=H IOIJA

!& IE@AH = ? HHA

1 tt (t, x)xx (t, x)x + t = 0 E (0, ) (0, L), 2 tt bxx + k (x + ) + x = 0 E (0, ) (0, L), 3 t + qx + tx = 0 E (0, ) (0, L), 0 qt + q + x = 0 E (0, ) (0, L)
J CAJDAH MEJD JDA > K @=HO ? @EJE I !# = @ E EJE= ? @EJE I !$ 6DA I L=>E EJO B JDEI IOIJA EI AIJ=> EIDA@ E JDA B ME C JDA HA

!'

6DA HA

# 9A =IIK A B H I

A T > 0 JD=J

, C 1 ([0, T ] [0, L]), tt , tx , xx , tt , tx , xx L ([0, T ], L2 ((0, L))).

AJ s > 0 6DA E EJE= @=J=

=O I=JEIBO
1 1,x H0 ((0, L)), 1 1 H 2 ((0, L)) H0 ((0, L)),

1 0,x H 2 ((0, L)) H0 ((0, L)), 1 0 H 3 ((0, L)) H0 ((0, L)),

0 H 2 ((0, L)),

1 q0 H 2 ((0, L)) H0 ((0, L)).

%

7 @AH JDA => LA ? @EJE I JDA E EJE= > K @=HO FH > A F IAIIAI = K EGKA ? =IIE?= I KJE (, , , q ) IK?D JD=J
, C 2 ([0, T ] [0, L]),
2

!' !# !$

, q C 1 ([0, T ] [0, L]), 1 || 3, 0 | | 2

, L ([0, T ], L2 ((0, L))), , q L ([0, T ], L ((0, L))),

1 2 MEJD = t x B H = (1 , 2 ) N2 0

2H B 9A FHAIA J DAHA = IE E =H FH B 7IE C .=A@ /= AH E AJD @ MA ? IJHK?J I KJE B !' !# !$ *O KIE C JDA >J=E I ? HHAIF @E C HACK =HEJO B JDA I KJE AJJE C i := i/L ci (x) := 2/L cos i x @A A (m (t), m (t), m (t), qm (t)) >O
m

J JD=J A B 5A H @ E # = IAGKA ?A JD=J ? LAHCAI J = = IFA?E= = FHE HE AIJE =JA A

si (x) :=
m

2/L sin i x i N MA

m (t) :=
i=0 m

im (t)ci (x), im (t)ci (x),

i=0

m (t) :=
i=0 m

im (t)si (x), Qim (t)si (x),

i=0

m (t) :=
MDAHA
L

qm (t) :=

im (0) =
0 L

0 (x)ci (x)dx, 0 (x)si (x)dx,

0 L

im (0) =
0

1 (x)si (x)dx,
L

im (0) = im (0) =
0

im (0) = Qim (0) =

0

1 (x)ci (x)dx,
0 L

0 (x)ci (x)dx,

q0 (x)si (x)dx.

K JEF OE C JDA AGK=JE I E !' E L2 ((0, L)) >O ci si ci = @ si HAIFA? JELA O MA >IAHLA JD=J JDA BK ?JE I im im im Qim I=JEIBO = IOIJA B H@E =HO @E AHA JE= AGK=JE I
m

jm (t) = 1
i=0 m

im (t)2 (t, x)ci (x), cj (x) i jm (t) i im (t, x)ci (x), cj (x)
i=0

jm (t) = bjm (t)2 + k (jm (t)j jm (t)) + jm (t)j , 3 j jm (t)j , 3 jm (t) = Qjm (t)j jm (t) = Qjm (t) + jm (t)j 0 Q

"

&

B H0jm= @
L

f, g = f, g
6DEI IOIJA

L2 ((0,L))

=
0

f (x)g (x)dx.

EI = M=OI I L=> A = @ F IIAIIAI = K EGKA I KJE

(jm , jm , jm , Qjm )
MEJD jm , jm C 2 ([0, T ]) = @ jm , Qjm C 1 ([0, T ]) 9A @A A = J J= A AHCO E >O

E (t) = E (t; , , , q ) + E (t; t , t , t , qt ) + E (t; tt , tt , tt , qtt ) + E (t; x , x , x , qx ) + E (t; tx , tx , tx , qtx ),

MDAHA

E (t; m , m , m , qm ) =

1 2

L 0

2 2 3 2 ( 1 2 2 t + x + 2 t + bx + 3 + 0 q )(t, x)dx.

*O K JEF OE C E L2 ((0, L)) JDA @E AHA JE=JE C JDA ?A = jm jm jm Q jm = @ jm LAH j = 1, . . . , m MA >J=E =

jm jm jm Qjm JDA AGK=JE I E " >O @ JME?A MEJD HAIFA?J J t K JEF OE C JDA MEJD jm Q jm HAIFA?JELA O = @ IK E C KF jm A AHCO AGK= EJO B JDA B H

@ E (t; m , m , m , qm ) = Fm ( 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 q ) @t B H 0 |1,2 | 3, 0 |1,2 | 2. . ME C JDA =FFH =?D B 5 A H @ = @ >J=E E C DECDAH H@AH x @AHEL=JELAI BH @E AHA JE= AGK=JE I MA ?= E JACH=JA JDA => LA AGK= EJO MEJD HAIFA?J J t = @ AIJE =JA
t t

Fm ( )d C
0 0

E ( ; m , m , m , qm )d.

/H M= I E AGK= EJO OEA @I JDA E (t) C E (0)eCt C B H = CA AHE? ? IJ= J C>0 1J B MI JD=J JDA IAGKA ?A {(m , m , m , qm )}m D=I = ? LAHCA J IK>IA GKA ?A *O JDA LEHJKA B KIK= 5 > AL A >A@@E C JDA HA I MA CAJ A?AII=HO HACK =HEJO B JDA I KJE 6DA I KJE EI K EGKA IE ?A KH = FHE HE AIJE =JA ?= >A ID M = I B H (, , , q ) =IIKHE C JDA ? JE K KI @AFA @A ?A B JDA I KJE JDA E EJE= @=J= *O KIK= ? JE K=JE =HCK A JI JDA I KJE ?= >A I JD O ? JE KA@ J = =NE = FA E JAHL= [0, T ) 0=LE C FH LA@ JDA ?= E A=H ANEIJA ?A JDA HA MA ?= >J=E = ?= ANEIJA ?A = I E JDA E A=H IEJK=JE

'

6DA HA $ + IE@AH JDA E EJE= > K @=HO L= KA FH > A (r, s) C 3 (R R) I=JEIBO

0 < r0 r r1 < (r0 , r1 > 0), 0 |s | s0 < (s0 > 0).

!"!$

AJ =
" " 

AJ JDA E EJE= @=J= ?

2

F O MEJD
1 1,x H0 ((0, L)), 1 1 H 2 ((0, L)) H0 ((0, L)),

1 0,x H ((0, L)) H0 ((0, L)), 1 ((0, L)), 0 H 3 ((0, L)) H0

0 H 2 ((0, L)),

1 q0 H 2 ((0, L)) H0 ((0, L)).

6DA FH > A

!"!$ D=I JDA = K EGKA ? =IIE?= I KJE

, C ([0, T ) [0, L]), , q C 1 ([0, T ) [0, L]),
2

(, , , q ) MEJD

@A A@ [0, T )

=NE = ANEIJA ?A E JAHL= [0, T ) T IK?D JD=J B H = t0

, L ([0, t0 ], L2 ((0, L))), , q L ([0, t0 ], L ((0, L))),
2

1 || 3, 0 | | 2

D @I

2H B 6DA FH B B JDA ?= ANEIJA ?A EI >O M IJ= @=H@ . H F IEJELA M T MA @A A JDA IF=?A X (M, T ) J >A = IAJ B = BK ?JE I (, , , q ) IK?D JD=J JDAO I=JEIBO
(0, ) = 0 , (0, ) = 0 , (0, ) = 0 , q (0, ) = q0 , t (0, ) = 1 , t (0, ) = 1 E (0, L), x (t, 0) = x (t, L) = (t, 0) = (t, L) = q (t, 0) = q (t, L) = 0
= @ JDAEH CA AH= E A@ @AHEL=JELAI BK "! E (0, ) ""

, L ([0, T ], L2 ((0, L))), , q L ([0, T ], L ((0, L))),

= @
L 2

1 | | 3, 0 | | 2

sup
0

( )2 + ( )2 +
||=0

( )2 + ( q )2 dx M 2 .

0tT

||=1

, q AJ (, , ) X (M, T ) +

IE@AH JDA E A=H E EJE= > K @=HO L= KA FH >

)xx s ( )x + t = 0, 1 tt r ( x , x , 2 tt bxx + k (x + ) + x = 0, 3 t + qx + tx = 0, 0 qt + q + x = 0
 "#

J CAJDAH MEJD E EJE= ? 9A IAJ

@EJE

I !$ = @ > K @=HO ?

@EJE

I !#

), (t, x) = r ( x , ), (t, x) = s ( x ,
= @ >IAHLA JD=J = @ JDA E EJE= @=J= I=JEIBO JDA =IIK FJE I B JDA ?= ANEIJA ?A = @ K EGKA AII 6DA HA # 6DAHAB HA JDEI E A=H FH > A F IIAIIAI = K EGKA I KJE , q 9A @A A = FAH=J H S =FFE C (, , ) X (M, T ) J JDA I KJE B "# E A S (, , , q ) = (, , , q ) 9EJD IJ= @=H@ JA?D EGKAI MA ?= ID M JD=J S =FI JDA IF=?A X (M, T ) E J EJIA B EB M EI IK ?EA J O >EC = @ T IK ?EA J O I = . ME C JDA =FFH =?D B 5 A H @ MA ID M JD=J S EI = ? JH=?JE B H IK ?EA J O I = T )I X (M, T ) EI = ? IA@ IK>IAJ B JDA AJHE? IF=?A

Y = {(, , , q ) | t , x , t , t , , q L ([0, T ], L2 ((0, L)))}

AGKEFFA@ MEJD = @EIJ= ?A BK ?JE

, q (, , , q ), (, , ) := sup
0tT 0

t )2 (t t )2 + (x x )2 + (t

x )2 + ( )2 + (q q +(x )2 dx,
JDA *= =?D =FFE C JDA HA EI =FF E?=> A J S = @ OEA @I = K EGKA I KJE E X (M, T ) D=LE C JDA =IIAHJA@ HACK =HEJO 6 >A => A J D= @ A JDA E A=H FH > A C >= O MA AA@ = ?= ANEIJA ?A JDA HA MEJD DECDAH HACK =HEJO 6DEI A ?= >A FH LA@ E JDA I= A M=O =I 6DA HA $

6DA HA % + IE@AH JDA E EJE= > K @=HO L= KA FH > A (r, s) C 4 (R R) I=JEIBO

0 < r0 r r1 < (r0 , r1 > 0), 0 |s | s0 < (s0 > 0).

!"!$

AJ =

AJ JDA =IIK FJE = @

I B 6DA HA

$ >A I=JEI A@

HA LAH AJ KI =IIK A

0,xxxx , 0,xxxx , 1,xxx , 1,xxx , 0,xxx , q0,xxx L2 ((0, L))

2 2 t (0, ), t (0, ) H 2 ((0, L)),

2 2 1 t x (0, ), t (0, ) H0 ((0, L)) 1 t q (0, ) H0 ((0, L)).

t (0, ), t q (0, ) H 2 ((0, L)),

6DA

!"!$ F IIAIIAI = K EGKA ? =IIE?= I KJE

, C 3 ([0, T ) [0, L]), , q C 2 ([0, T ) [0, L]),


(, , , q ) I=JEIBOE C

>AE C @A A@ E = t0 [0, T )

=NE = ANEIJA ?A E JAHL= [0, T ) T IK?D JD=J B H =

1 || 4, 0 | | 3

, L ([0, t0 ], L2 ((0, L))), , q L ([0, t0 ], L ((0, L))),

2

D @I

HA LAH JDEI E JAHL= ? E ?E@AI MEJD JD=J

A BH

6DA HA

4A =H 

KH ? A?JKHA EI JD=J E = = CO J JDAH A =IJE? AGK=JE I A ?= FH LA = HA CA AH= ANEIJA ?A JDA HA >O CAJJE C >ECCAH HACK =HEJO B JDA I KJE K @AH JDA I= A HACK =HEJO =IIK FJE I =I E 6DA HA $ B H E EJE= @=J= ?B $ 6DEI JA?D EGKA @=JAI >=? J =J = @ EI >=IA@ = CA AH= JE B = +, IOIJA ? E C BH JDA IA ECH KF JDA HO
. H JDA FH B B C >= I L=>E EJO FH > A !"!$ =I = E A=H AL AJJE C V = (, t , , t , , q )t = A : D(A) H H E JDA I= A = = @ ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO MA HAMHEJA JDA KJE FH > A @ @A E C = E A=H @E AHA JE= FAH=J H AH =I E IA?JE ! MA >J=E "$

Vt = AV + F (V, Vx ) V (0) = V0
MEJD = E A=H =FFE C F >AE C @A A@ >O

F (V, Vx ) = (0, x (x , )xx kxx + (x , )x , 0, 0, 0, 0)t

1 1 1 1 3 3 = (0, x (Vx , V 3 )Vxx kVxx + (Vx , V 3 ) Vx kVx , 0, 0, 0, 0)t .

6= E C E J =?? K J JD=J F (V, Vx )(t, ) D(A) B H V H3 EJ B JDA ,KD= A I FHE ?EF A JD=J

MI BH

V (t) = etA V0 +
0

e(t )A F (V, Vx )( )dr.

"%

6DA ANEIJA ?A B = C >= I KJE =I MA =I EJI ANF A JE= @A?=O ?= >A FH LA@ =I E $ KIE C = IE E =H JA?D EGKA =I B H E A=H +=K?DO FH > A I E % 9A =IIK A JD=J JDA E EJE= @=J= =HA I = E JDA H2 H E A

V0

H2

< .
H E A AJ

HA LAH AJ KI =IIK A JDA > K @ AII B V0 E JDA H3

V0
D @B H=>1

H3

<

,KA J JDA I [0, T 1 ] IK?D JD=J

JD AII B JDA I KJE

JDAHA ANEIJ JM E JAHL= I [0, T 0 ] K @

V (t) V (t)

H2 H3

, ,

t [0, T 0 ], t [0, T 1 ].

AJ d > 1 >A = ? IJ= J J >A NA@ =JAH 9A @A A JM F IEJELA K >AHI 1 0 TM K @ TM =I JDA >ECCAIJ E JAHL= A CJD IK?D JD=J JDA ?= I KJE I=JEI AI

V (t)
= @

H2

2c1 ,

0 ] t [0, TM

V (t)
HAIFA?JELA O BK E C

H3

d,

1 t [0, TM ],

etA V0

H2

c1 V

H2

B H JDA ? IJ= J c1 > 0 @A A@ =I E !! 7 @AH JDAIA ? @EJE I MA >J=E JDA B

ME C AIJE =JA B H DECD A AHCO

JD=J JDA

6DAHA ANEIJ F IEJELA ? IJ= JI c2 , c3 E @AFA @A J B V0 = @ T IK?D 1 ?= I KJE BH 6DA HA % I=JEI AI B H t [0, TM ] JDA E AGK= EJO
V (t)
2 H3

c2 V0

c3 2 H3 e

Rt
0

V ( )

1/2 H2 d

2H B )I KH E A=HEJO ? E ?E@AI MEJD JD=J ? IE@AHA@ B H E A=H 6E IDA IOIJA I MEJD ? =IIE?= DA=J ? @K?JE = @ JDA AIJE =JAI B H JDA E A=H JAH I FH @K?A@ >O KH JM AM @EIIEF=JE I ?= >A @ A E JDA I= A = AH MA ?= HAFA=J JDA FH B BH $ EJAH= O 7IE C A = = @ AGK= EJO "% MA ?= MHEJA
F (V, Vx )( ) D(A) H2 ,
MA ?= AIJE =JA B H V (t)
H2 t H2

0,

V (t)

H2

etA V0

+
0 H2

e(t )A F (V, Vx )( )
t

H2

d
H2

c1 et V0
>O AIJE =JE C JDA

+ c1
0

e(t ) F (V, Vx )
= >A M

"&

E A=HEJO F =I E JDA A

= ! 6DAHA ANEIJI = F IEJELA ? IJ= J c IK?D JD=J JDA E AGK= EJO

F (W, Wx )
H2

c W

2 H2

H3

D @I B H = W H3 MEJD W

H2

<C<
!

.KHJDAH MA ?= ID M JDA B

ME C MAECDJA@ = FHE HE AIJE =JA

H2 )

= " AJ

M2 (t) := sup (e V ( )
0 t

1 >A @A A@ B H t [0, TM ] 6DAHA ANEIJ JDA M0 > 0 = @ > 0 IK?D JD=J

M2 (t) M0 <

D @I EB V0 H3 < = @ V0 H2 < 1 HA LAH M @ AI J @AFA @ TM = @ V0

2H B 9A =IIK A JD=J V "& MA D=LA

V (t)
H2

H2

EI > K @A@ 7IE C A

t

= ! = @ JDA AIJE =JA

c1 et V0
=

H2

+c
0

e(t ) V ( )

V ( )

H3 d.

9EJD JDA =E@ B A

JDAHA HAIK JI
R c d 0 V (r )

V (t)

H2

c1 V0 +c
0

t H2 e t (t )

V ( )

2 H2

V0

H3 e

1/2 H2 d r

d.

"' MA

7 @AH =IIK FJE V0 H2 B H I 0 1 >J=E B H t [0, min{Tm , Tm }]

A > 0 J >A @AJAH E A@ =JAH

V ( )
1/2 H2 d

V (t)

H2

c1 et + c 1/2 ec c1 et + c 1/2 ec
t

Rt
0

t 0

e(t ) V ( )
1/2 H2 d

3 /2 H2 d

Rt
0

e /2 e /2 V ( ) 3 /2

e(t ) (e e V ( )
t/2

H2 )

d
t 0

c1 et + c 1/2 ecte c1 e
MDA ?A
t

M ( t)

M2 (t)3/2
t

e( ) e3 /3 d e d,

+ c

1 /2

M (t)

M2 (t)

3 /2 0

( ) 3 /3

A ?= A=IE O @A@K?A
d M2 (t)

M2 (t) c1 + c 1/2 ec
=BJAH K JEF E?=JE .H

M2 (t)3/2 sup et
0t< 0

e(t ) e3 /2 d

MEJD e
t 0

sup et
0t<

e(t ) e3 /2 d = sup
0t<

2 e5 /2 5

=t =0

c<

"

EJ B

MI JD=J

M2 (t) c1 + c 1/2 M2 (t)3/2 ec

9A @A A = BK ?JE

d M2 (t)

f (x) := c1 + c 1/2 x3/2 ec

9A ? FKJA f (0) = c1 = @ f (0) = 1 JDA HA B ?= ?K KI MA M
x

x.

)?? H@E C J JDA BK @= A J=

x

f (x) = f (0) +
0

f ( )d = c1 +
0

f ( )d.
A= I JD=J

. H IK ?EA J O I = x MA CAJ f ( ) 1 2 6DEI

1 f (x) c1 x. 2
1B MA ?D IA M = < 1 := 2x *A?=KIA f EI c1 MA >J=E f (x) < 0 ? JE K KI = @ f (0) > 0 =I MA =I f (x) < 0 D @I f KIJ F IIAII = AH E E JAHL= [0, x] AJ M0 >A JDA I = AIJ AH B f E [0, x] 6DA =JJAH KIJ ANEIJ =I f 1 ({0}) [0, x] EI ? F=?J 9A N = 2 < 1 J >A I I = JD=J B H M2 (0) = V0 H2 < 2

M2 (t) M0
EI BK A@ 1J EI F IIE> A @KA J JDA ? JE KEJO B M2 (t) 0 1 6DKI M2 (t) EI > K @A@ >O = M0 B H = t [0, min{TM , TM }] 0 1 1B TM TM JDA ? =E B JDA JDA HA D @I B H < 2 K @ M0 (1 ) < 0 1 JDAHMEIA MA D=LA TM < TM 9A >IAHLA JD=J B H IK ?EA J O I = 3 > 0

f (2c1 ) = cc1 ec

3 /2

d c1 2

c1 < 0

EI L= E@ B H < 3 9A ?D IA M = =FFH FHE=JA O I = 3 J BK JDA => LA E AGK= EJO 0A ?A V (t) H3 M2 (t) M0 < 2c1 B H < min{2 , 3 } 0 1 0 6DEI ? JH=@E?JI J JDA =NE = EJO B TM 6D=J EI MDO TM TM KIJ >A L= E@ E A JDA ? =E D @I B H < min{2 , 3 } = @ M0 (1 ) < 6DEI A => AI KI = O J B H K =JA = @ FH LA JDA JDA HA C >= ANEIJA ?A = @ ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO

6DA HA

& AJ JDA =IIK FJE I B 6DA HA

L L

% >A BK
L

A@

HA LAH AJ

0 (x)dx =
0 0

1 (x)dx =
0

(x)dx = 0.

AJ > 1 >A =H>EJH=HO >KJ NA@ 9A ?= JDA @ = =FFH FHE=JA > 0 IK?D JD=J EB V0 H2 < = @ V1 H3 < D @ JDAHA ANEIJI = K EGKA C >= I KJE (, , , q ) J !"!$ I=JEIBOE C
, C 3 ([0, ) [0, L]), , q C 2 ([0, ) [0, L]).

6DAHA ANEIJI >AIE@AI = ?

IJ= J C0 (V0 ) > 0 IK?D JD=J B H = t 0

V (t)
H2

C0 et

MEJD > 0 BH
HACK =HEJO

6DA HA

" EI L= E@
?= I KJE MEJD JDA

2H

B 6DA HA

% CK=H= JAAI JDA ANEIJA ?A B =

, C 3 ([0, T ] [0, L]), , q C 2 ([0, T ] [0, L]).

A =J= = @ " IKCCAIJ JD=J
H3

V (t)

c V0 c

Rt c d 0 V ( ) H3 e dM0 ce V0 H3 ec

1/2 H2 d

V0

H3 ,

1 t TM T,

MDAHA c > 0 = @ =HA ?D IA IK ?EA J O I = E 9A FKJ d := ce = @ @

H@AH c dM0 < 1 EI BK

1 T. t TM 1 =NE = EJO B TM

A@

V (t)
1 TM

H3

d V0

H3

< d,

1 . H TM < T MA >A? A = ? JH=@EJE J JDA = T KIJ D @ 1B 0 t T JDAHA HAIK JI BH "' JD=J

6DKI

V (t)

H2

c1 V0 c V0 c V0

H2 e

+c
0 t

e(t ) V ( )
2 c H2 e

2 H2

V0

H3 e

R c d 0 V (r )

1/2 H2 d r

H2

+c
0

V ( )
M 2 ( t)

M2 (t)

d
H2 d,

H2

+ cec

M2 (t)
0

V ( )

MDA ?A MA ? KIE C JDA /H

? K@A M= I A

V (t)
=B H

H2

K V0

H2

#

K := cM0 ec(
$

M0 +M0 )

9A ?D

IA IK?D JD=J 0 < <

= @ >J=E
H2

V (T )

H2

K V0

K .

6DAHAB HA JDAHA ANEIJI = ? JE K=JE BV J [T, T + T1 (1 )] 9EJD # JDAHA B MI V (T + T1 ( )) H2 K V0 H2 , E A MA ?= I JD O ? JE KA JDA I KJE J [T + T1 (1 ), T + 2T1 (1 )] 0AHA MA =FF EA@ # J JDA I KJE B JDA E EJE= > K @=HO L= KA FH > A MEJD JDA E EJE= L= KA W0 := V (T ) 6DEI EI = MA@ IE ?A W0 H3 < = @ W0 H3 c < D @I =?? H@E C J A = 0A ?A MA ?= IK??AIELA O >J=E = C >= I KJE V = (, t , , t , , q )t MEJD

, C 3 ([0, ) [0, L]), , q C 2 ([0, ) [0, L]).

1 F=HJE?K =H MA ?= ? K@A

M2 (t) M0 < ,
B H = t [0, ) IE ?A

V (t)
.E = O EJ B MI

H2

K . M0 et .

V (t)

H2

)?

JDA M H

M A@CA A J 6DA =KJD H 5= E

JDEI F=FAH >O .72

) AII= K@E D=I >AA BK @A@ @KHE C K @AH 2H A?J  5*%

4ABAHA ?AI
 6E IDA 5 JH= ILAHIA LE>H=JE %""%"$ E 51)

JDA ? HHA?JE B H IDA=H B JDA @E AHA JE= AGK=JE B H I B FHEI =JE? >=HI 2DE I FDE?= =C= E A " '  IDA >A= B

7 = @ 4A =H@O ; * K @=HO ? JH B JDA 6E + JH FJE # $ '&% "%" '

! .A C , : 5DE , 0 = @ D= C 9 * K @=HO BAA@>=? IJ=>E E =JE 6E IDA >A= MEJD > K @=HO @EIIEF=JE 5?E +DE = 5AH ) " ''& "&!"'

" 4=F I + ) .AHHAEH= 5= J I = @ +=IJH -NF A JE= IJ=>E EJO B H 6E IDA IOIJA MEJD JM MA= @= FE CI )FF EA@ =JD AJJAHI &  # #!##" %

# 6=O H 5 9 ) I ? JH =>E EJO + $

JDE C FH FAHJO B = DOFAH> E? IOIJA = @ > K @=HO FKJ )FF =JD "   !"

EK = @ DA C 5 5A ECH KFI =II ?E=JA@ MEJD @EIIEF=JELA IOIJA I +D=F =  0= +4+ '''

% 5 KBO= A ) = @ 9AD>A ) 7 EB H IJ=>E E =JE B H JDA 6E IDA >A= >O = ?= O @EIJHE>KJA@ @= FE C - A?JH ,E AHA JE= -GK=JE I '  ! " & 5 KBO= A ) 2=HEI 5 H 1

5J=>E EI=JE =JD ! &

& ''' %!%!"

@A = F KJHA @A 6E

IDA

+ 4 )?=@ 5?E

' 5DE , 0 = @ .A C , : -NF A JE= @A?=O H=JA B JDA A AHCO B = 6E IDA >A= MEJD ?= O @EIJHE>KJA@ BAA@>=? ) 1) ""    #     K 4ELAH= - = @ 4=? A 4 6E IDA IOIJA I MEJD E @A @= FE C =JD ) = )FF !"  & $&&! K 4ELAH= - = @ 4=? A 4 / >= IJ=>E EJO B H @= FA@ 6E IOIJA I ,EI?HAJA + JE ,O 5OIJ ' $  ! $ #$!' :K / 3 = @ ;K C 5 2 5J=>E E =JE F E JMAEIA ? JH I -5)1 + JH

EJA

IDA

B 6E IDA >A= >O A= I B FJE += ? 8=H '  ! #%'$

! ) =H D @ = . *A =>@= =D ) K 4ELAH= - = @ 4=? A 4 AHCO @A?=O B H 6E IDA IOIJA I B A HO JOFA ,E AHA JE= -GK= JE I '"   ! & # " 5= J I HO ? @EJE

,A?=O H=JAI B H I KJE I B = 6E IDA =J JDA > K @=HO )>IJH )FF ) = %

IOIJA MEJD = A     #!#"$ >A=

# 5DE , 0 = @ .A C , : -NF @EIJHE>KJA@ BAA@>=? 1 ) "! $

A JE= @A?=O B 6E IDA =JD + JH 1 B H &

!   !'#

MEJD

?= O

K 4ELAH= - = @ 4=? A 4 E @ O @EIIEF=JELA IOIJA I  C >= ANEIJA ?A = @ ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO %$    "& %&

E A=H 6E IDA =JD ) = )FF I E A @E A IE = =JD # ''  % %

% 6=H=>A ) JDA ANEIJA ?A B I JD I KJE JDAH A =IJE?EJO MEJD IA? @ I K @ 3K=HJ )FF %"

& 4=? A 4 6DAH A =IJE?EJO MEJD IA? @ I K @  ANF A JE= IJ=>E EJO E E A=H = @ E A=H  @ =JD AJD )FF 5?E #    "'"" ' AII= K@E 5 ) = @ 5=E@ 0 KH=HE * -NF A JE= IJ=>E EJO E A @E A IE = E A=H JDAH A =IJE?EJO MEJD IA? @ I K @ =JD AJD @I )FF 5?E &  # # ! &

 4=? A 4 )IO FJ JE? >AD=LE KH B I KJE I E E A=H H ! @ JDAH A =IJE?EJO MEJD IA? @ I K @ 3K=HJAH O B )FF EA@ =JD $   ! !#! &  AII= K@E 5 ) I K @ +2,- 8

?= ANEIJA ?A = @ > M KF E JDAH $  &    $&$'!

A =IJE?EJO MEJD IA?

AII= K@E 5 ) = @ 5=E@ 0 KH=HE * * M KF B I KJE A AHCO E E A=H JDAH A =IJE?EJO MEJD IA? @ I K @ "  !  "   ! 1H I?DAH 6 )IFA JA DOFAH> EI?DAH 6DAH IJ=  $

I MEJD F IEJELA )FF =JD

A =IJE EJ J ,EIIAHJ=JE

" .AH @A 5=HA 0 , = @ 4=? A 4 JDA IJ=>E EJO B @= FA@ 6E IDA 5OIJA I  +=JJ= A LAHIKI . KHEAHI =M IJ= AH 5?DHEBJA =JD 1 B %  % # 5A H @ / >= ANEIJA ?A K EGKA AII = @ =IO FJ JE? IJ=>E EJO B ? =IIE ?= I JD I KJE I E A @E A IE = E A=H JDAH A =IJE?EJO )H?D 4=JE = A?D ) = %$ '& '% !! $ E= C 5 4=? A 4 -L KJE -GK=JE I E 6DAH A =IJE?EJO +D=F =  0= +4+ CH=FDI = @ 5KHLAOI E 2KHA = @ )FF EA@ =JDA =JE?I 8   

% 4=? A 4 A?JKHAI E A=H -L KJE -GK=JE I 1 EJE= 8= KA 2H > A I )IFA?JI B =JD 8 -' .HEA@H 8EAMAC = @ 5 D *H=K I?DMAEC 9EAI>=@A '' 

'