Custom Macro Programming

Parametric Programming PMPA NTC 2013

Presented by Ron Gainer & Dan Murphy Tsugami/Rem Sales

Safety

Every effort has been made to verify the information presented here is correct, however you should assume it is not and exercise caution when putting any of the examples presented here to use.

Safety

Macro programs can affect the motions of the machine tool. They can also be used to change coordinate data and parameter settings. Any of these changes can cause unexpected motion, crashes, and other machine malfunctions. Always exercise caution and follow safe procedures for proving out new programs or edits to existing programs.

Back Up Your Data

Since Macro programming can be used to change parameters, offsets, and work coordinate data, make sure you have recently backed up your parameters, settings, work shifts, and offsets.

Introduction

This Seminar is meant to be an introduction to Custom Macro Programming. There is no way to cover all the material you should be aware of in such a short time period. Be sure to read the Custom Macro section of the manual for your particular control

Dont Be These Guys

Introduction

This program concerns the application and use of Custom Macro B on Fanuc controls. Particularly the Fanuc Oi
The general concepts apply to almost any CNC control that has parametric programming capabilities.

For Further Learning

For Further Learning

Fanuc USA offers a course called Programming Level II that cover Macro B
Call - 888-FANUC-US (888-326-8287)

Introduction

Applications for Custom Macro Programming

Family of parts programming Custom cycles

Canned or multiple repetition Parabolas, ellipses, etc

Program complex motions

Use variables to adjust dimensions that offsets alone cant change Smart programs

Macro programs can make decisions by using conditional statements

IF_THEN, AND, OR, XOR, IF_GOTO, GOTO, WHILE_DO, END

Custom alarms and error traps

Introduction

Applications for Custom Macro Programming

Probing and in process gauging Communication with external devices

Automation Printers Metrology devices

Machine status

Check if machine is in proper position

Safe Start macro

Check that offset data and work shifts are within range Check other conditions

Cut off tool breakage on Swiss

Uses for Macro Programming

Repetitive operations

Similar to using a sub program, but a macro will allow you to change conditions without having to edit multiple lines of code. Example: Milling a pocket taking a number of passes. Using variables will allow you to change the DOC and number of passes without having to rewrite the sub routine.

Uses for Macro Programming

Family of parts programming

One program can run all variations of a part on a tabled drawing.

Variables are used in place of coordinate numbers in the program.

Conventional program G01 Z0.5 F0.003

Macro program G01 Z#501 F0.003

Variables

Variables are expressed in the program by a numerical value preceded by the pound sign

#100, #500

The numerical value corresponds to a register on the macro page of the CNC display

Navigating to the Macro Variable Register

1st Press the Offset Key on Main Panel 2nd Press the right softkey that has the + symbol.

Navigating to the Macro Variable Register

3rd Press the Macro Softkey.

Navigating to the Macro Variable Register

Macro Register Screen

Assigning a Value to a variable

Values can be input manually into a variable register Values can also be assigned via the NC program

#510 = 1.5 #100 = #100 + 1 #510 = 12345678 #510 = 1234.5678 #510 = 12345.6789 will generate TOO MANY DIGITS alarm

Range is eight digits maximum

Decimal points are not considered digits however leading zeros are

#510 = 1234.5678 is ok #510 = 0.12345678 is too many digits

Variables

Variables Can Only be Mathematical Quantities (numbers) Can not have values of Yes or No Cant be True or False Cant be letters

A Variable Can Be Made Conditional

O1234; #10 = 60; #20 = 30; IF [#10 GT #20] THEN #1 = #10 - #20; M#1; (Variable 10 is assigned a value of 60) (Variable 20 is assigned a value of 30) (If the value of variable 10 is greater than variable 20 = True condition So the value of variable 1 = 30)

Expressions

An expression is either a mathematical statement or a conditional statement.

Conditional Statement IF [#103 EQ 0] GOTO5 If variable number 103 is equal to zero go to line N5

Mathematical Statement - #107 = #106 - #105 Subtract variable number 105 from variable number 106 and place the result in variable number 107

Expressions

Enclosing a value within brackets [ ] is considered a macro expression

G00 X[.5] G01 X[.5-.2]

Brackets also denote the hierarchy of operations

(Compare #1 to #2, then if true go to line N99) (Multiply #10 by 2, then subtract the result from #20)

IF [#1 LT #2] GOTO 99 #100 = #20 [#10 * 2]

Expressions

A macro variable can also be represented as an expression

#[#100] #[#1001-1] #[#6/2]

Substituting Variable Values in Program

All NC words can have a variable as their value, except O (program number) and N (sequence number)
Coordinate word examples: #100 = 1.2; G00 X#100; (same as G00 X1.2) S-codes #100 = 2500; G97 M03 S#100; (same as M03 S2500) F-codes #100 = .003; G99 G01 X.5 F#100; (same as F0.003) G-codes #10 = 00 G#10 X1.2 (same as G00) O#100 (Illegal) N#100 (Illegal)

Substituting Variable Values in Program

Caution Must Be Exercised

Using variables with G-codes is not good practice Whenever variables are used in place of coordinate values and/or NC words, unexpected machine movement can result

Substituting Variable Values in Program

Understand how real numbers and integers are treated by the CNC control

Real numbers are any number rational or irrational

Real numbers include integers 1.25, -.3765, 5, -10 are all real numbers
2500, 3, 20 Numbers with decimals are not integers i.e. 1.25 S-commands: M03 S2000 is ok, M03 S2000.5 is not

Integers are whole numbers

Some NC words only allow integers

Substituting Variable Values in Program

Understand how real numbers and integers are treated by the CNC control Some NC words only allow integers

M-codes: M05 is acceptable M05.5 is not

Use of brackets can in some cases round to nearest integer In some cases variables will automatically be rounded Always refer to the manual to eliminate any doubt

Example: M03 S1001.5 (an illegal statement as S-codes have to be integers)

Example: M03 S[1000.5] (will be treated as M03 S1001)

Example: #1=1000.5 M03 S#1 (will be treated as M03 S1001)

Substituting Variable Values in Program

G-codes present a special challenge

As a rule NEVER USE VARIABLES TO EXPRESS THE VALUE OF A G-CODE

Despite being able to use real numbers with Gcodes (G12.1, G52.1, etc) the control will round up a variable from one place to the right of the decimal and treat the value as an integer only

Variable That Contains No Value

A variable with no value is considered Null

Null does not necessarily equal zero

When a variable of null value is used, the control will, in most cases, ignore the command This can be dangerous

Example: Variable 100 equals null

G97 M03 S#100 (The spindle will start clockwise at the last commanded value)

Safety

An operator was killed by a boring head on a machining center where the RPM was specified by a variable The variable was set to null, so the last programmed RPM was used by the control The RPM exceeded the rating of the boring head The head came apart and the operator was struck by the debris and killed

Safety

If you are using a variable and know that if the value is set outside a certain range that danger exists, then add safety checks to your code without fail.

Example: Spindle can run up to 6000 RPM but the boring head in use is rated to 2,500RPM #100 = 6000; M03 S#100;

(RPM = 6000, Boring Head Blows Up)

#100 = 6000; IF [#100 GT 2500] THEN #3000=1 (RPM TOO HIGH); (Conditional statement that M03 S#100; checks that the RPM does not exceed 2500. If it does ALARM 3001 RPM TOO HIGH will be generated)

Variable #0

#0 is a read only System variable permanently set to null so it can be used for comparison #0 can also be used to set another variable to null

#1 = #0 sets #1 to null #0 = #1 illegal statement because #0 is read only

In the previous example the RPM check does not prevent a null value being used which would cause the spindle to run at the last programmed RPM.

In the case of the boring head, this is what happened

#0 can be used in a safety check below:

#100 = #0; IF [#100 GT 2500] THEN #3000=1 (RPM TOO HIGH); IF [#100 EQ #0] THEN #3000=2 (NO RPM SET IN #100); G97 M03 S#100;

ALARM 3002 will be generated.

How Null Variables Behave in Arithmetic

All variables are assumed null in these examples In math operations null (no value) is looked at as zero

#2 = #1;

#2 remains null because there is no math or evaluation in this statement #2 remains null. Even though the brackets make this an expression no math or evaluation occurs #2 will equal zero. No value plus no value has a value of zero #2 will equal zero

#2 = [#1];

#2 = #1 + #1

#2 = #1 * 5

How Null Variables Behave in Expressions

In comparative expressions EQ (equal to) and NE (not equal to), null variables are not considered the same as 0
Examples - #1 = null [#1 EQ 0] [#1 NE 0] [#1 EQ #0] [#2 NE #0] False, null variable is not equal to 0 True, null variable is not equal to 0 True, #0 value is always null False, #0 value is always null

Conditional Statement IF [#1 EQ 0] THEN (some action)

How Null Variables Behave in Expressions

In all other conditional expressions a null value variable is considered 0

LT less than, LE - less than or equal to GT Greater than, GE - Greater than or equal to
[#1 LT 0] [#1 LE 0] [#1 GT 0] [#1 GE 0] False, 0 is not less than 0 True, 0 is equal to 0 False, 0 is not greater than 0 True, 0 is equal to zero

Using Variables

At this point you have enough knowledge to use macro variables in two of the most common ways.

Adjusting feature size Family of part programming

Adjusting Feature Size

Width of a groove

0.093 groove tool width

0.1

T1414; G96 M03 S200; G50 S5000; G00 X.55 Z.3; G99 G01 X.4 F.003 G00X.55 Z[.307+#514] G01 X.4 G00X1.18 T0 0.5

0.4

0.3

Family of Part Programming

Variable feature location

0.08 groove tool width

T1414; G96 M03 S200; G00 X.55 Z.#514; G99 G01 X.4 F.003 G00X1.18 T0

0.08

0.4

0.5

PN -1 -2 -3

A .3 .4 .5

Types of Variables

Read only permanent value (#0, 3100-3102) Local variables (#1 through #33) Common variables (#100 through #199) Permanent common variable (#500-#599)

Can also be made read only by parameter setting

System variables

Local Variables (#1 - #33)

A local variable is used locally as opposed to globally, that is to say that a local variable called by one macro call at a certain time is different from the same variable called at another time by a different macro call. Local variables are used to pass arguments from a macro call Variable number #1-#33 are tied to letter addresses in the macro call

Macro Call for Variable Feature

Variable feature location

Call from main program G65 P9014 A.3
O9014 T1414; G97 M03 S2000; G00 X.55 Z.#1; G99 G01 X.4 F.003 G00X1.18 T0 M99

0.08

0.4

0.5

PN -1 -2 -3

A .3 .4 .5

Macro Argument Correlation

Variables

Common Variables #100-#199

These variables are global. They have the same value in any macro call. These variable are read/write unless protected by parameter change

Parameter 6031 and 6032 on FS OiD

These variables are reset to null upon power down

Common Variables #500-#999

These variables are global. They have the same value in any macro call. These variable are read/write unless protected by parameter change

Parameter 6031 and 6032 on FS OiD

These variables will retain their values upon power down, reset, etc. These variables are preferred when input from the operator is required

Feature size adjustment Family of parts Tool life management count values

System Variables

Variable whose usage does not vary in the system

The variables address will always return the same information, though the value will vary

System variables can be Read only, Read/Write, or Write only depending on the nature of the variable System Constants are system variables whose values are fixed. They are Read only.

Variables

Omission of the decimal point

Decimal points can be left out when the value is an integer.

#1=123 will be treated the same as #1=123.0000

Specifying a Common Variable by its Name

You can name common variables using the SETVN command.

This is useful in that a name that correlates to the variables value is more easily recognizable in the program than a variable number.
Examples:

X[#POS1] Y[#POS2] ; : Specifying a position by the variable name [#POS1] = #100+#101 ; : Executing a assignment statement by the variable name #[100+[#ABS]] = 500 ; : Same as above (by a variable number) #500 = [1000+[#POS2]*10] ; : Reading a variable by a variable name

SETVN Command

For the 50 common variables, #500 to #549, a name of up to eight characters can be specified by using a command as shown below.

System Variable Names

Names can be used with system variables The name is fixed in the control and can not be changed
Example: Wear Offsets on a T Control

System Variable Overview:

System variables allow you to determine and set machine information. This would include machine position, skip signal position, work & tool offsets. You can also read current G, M, S, T, and H codes. There are also System Variables for programmable inputs and outputs.

Displaying System Variables

Unlike common variables, there is no page on the control that will display the value of system variables. You can see the value of a system variable by returning it to a common variable

For example to see the system variable for time, command: #100=#3012 The time will then be stored in variable 100 as Hour/Min/Sec

List of System Variables

n represents a subscript. R, W, and R/W are attributes of a variable and indicate read-only, write-only, and read/write enabled, respectively.

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

#1000-#1035=Supplied inputs to CNC Example: Coolant Off Switch has a supplied input in machine ladder.
IF[#1000EQ1]GOTO881 N881#3000=1(COOLANT OFF ALARM)

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

#1100-#1135=Programmable outputs to CNC
Example: Hydraulic support activated by macro output

#1100=1(CLOSE SUPPORT)

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

#2000-#2999 Tool Compensation Variables
These values vary depending on the number of offsets and the type of tool offset memory your control has. They are read/write capable.

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

Tool Offset system example:

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

Commonly used variables:

#3000 is used to generate a macro alarm. #3000=1(VALUE A TOO LARGE) This will stop the machine in alarm status with alarm 3001(VALUE A TOO LARGE) Message displayed on the screen. W #3006 is used to stop the machine in feed hold status with a message. W #3006=1(INSTALL SUPPORT). #3007=Mirror Image status R

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

Commonly used variables:

#3011 Date (Year/Month/Date) R #3012 Time (Hour/Minute/Second) R #3901 Total Number of Parts R/W #3902 Number of Required Parts R/W #4000 Main Program # R

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

Modal Information:
#4001-#4030 Model G-code information (R) Example #4001=Active G-code of Group 1 Group 1 G-codes include: G00,G01,G02,G03,G32. #100=#4001 Loads the current active code to #100.

G-Code Groups

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

Modal Information Preceding Block (R) :

#4102= B-Code #4107= D-Code #4108= E-Code #4109= F-Code #4111= H-Code #4113= M-Code #4114= Sequence # #4115= Program #

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

Modal Information Preceding Block(R) :

#4119= S-Code #4120= T-Code #4130= Additional Coordinate System

#4201 Starts Over with Current Block G-code Group 1 Modal Information.

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

Position Information:

System Variable Overview: Descriptions

Work Offsets:

Arithmetic and Logic

Various operations involving arithmetic and/or logic can be performed on variables

#i=<expression>

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Order of Operations
Algebraic order of operations

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

P.E.M.D.A.S.
Parenthesis - In macro programming [ ] = ( ) Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction

6.

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Precision and Errors

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Arithmetic and Logic

Questions Regarding Arithmetic and Logic?

Macro Statements and NC Statements

The following blocks are referred to as macro statements:

Blocks containing arithmetic or logic operations Blocks containing a control statement

GOTO, DO, END G65, G66, G67 Custom G and M codes that command a macro call

Blocks containing a macro call command:

Any block other than a macro statement is referred to as an NC statement

Macro Statements and NC Statements

Macro and NC Statement differences

When the machine is in single block mode, the machine does not stop when executing a macro

When parameter 6000 bit 5 (SBM) = 1 single block is effective in a macro

Macro blocks are not regarded as blocks with no movement in cutter compensation mode (G41, G42)

Branch and Repetition Statements

The flow of the program can be changed using branch and repetition statements.

Unconditional Branch GOTO

GOTO n causes an unconditional branch to sequence number n

Example: GOTO 10; (causes the program to jump ahead or behind to sequence number N10)

GOTO Statement Using Stored Sequence Numbers

GOTO Statement Using Stored Sequence Numbers

Conditional Branch (IF Statement)

IF[<conditional statement>] GOTO n

If the <conditional statement> is true then a branch to sequence number n occurs

Conditional Branch (IF Statement)

IF[<conditional statement>] THEN

If the conditional expression is satisfied (true), the macro statement after THEN will be executed. Only a single macro statement can be executed

Conditional Branch (IF Statement)

Sample Program

#1 = 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10

Macro Examples: (Tool Life Management)

This example counts tool use frequency and stops the machine once the tool life is expired. Variables: #505=Tool Life for 1st Tool #506=1st Tool Life Counter #507=Tool Life for 2nd Tool #508=2nd Tool Life Counter When a tool has reached its life expectancy the counter is set back to zero and an alarm message is generated to inform the operator which tool to change.

Macro Examples: (Tool Life Management)

O1204(PROGRAM) (VARIABLES TO SET BY OPERATOR) (#505= 1ST TOOL LIFE AMOUNT) (#507= 2ND TOOL LIFE AMOUNT) (CHECK TOOL LIFE) IF[#506GE#505]GOTO881 IF[#508GE#507]GOTO882 G00G40G18G99G20G97 T1515(1ST TOOL) G0G99X.550Z.05M3S3000 G1G42X.520Z.015F.005 G1X.490Z0F.001 G1X-.015 G0Z-.05 G28U0 #506=[#506+1](ADD COUNT) T1616 (2ND TOOL) G0G99X0Z-.05M3S3000 G1Z.1F.002 G0Z-.05T0 G28U0 #508=[#508+1](ADD COUNT) (RESET COUNT AND ALARMS) GOTO999(NO TOOLS EXPIRED) N881(1ST TOOL ALARM) #506=0 #3000=1(T1515 IS EXPIRED) N882(2ND TOOL ALARM) #508=0 #3000=2(T1616 IS EXPIRED) N999 M30

Repetition (WHILE Statement)

A conditional statement is specified after WHILE. As long as the conditional statement is satisfied (true) the program from DO to END is executed.

Repetition (WHILE Statement)

Takes longer to search backward

Example using WHILE_DO to do the same thing:

Processes faster

Repetition (WHILE Statement)

Nesting

The identification numbers (1 to 3) in a DO_END loop can be used as many times in a program as desired (reuse). When a program contains overlapping DO ranges alarm PS0124 is generated.

Repetition (WHILE Statement)

Limitations

Infinite loops When DO m is specified without a WHILE statement preceding, an infinite loop is created between the DO and END commands. Processing time When a branch to the sequence number specified in a GOTO statement occurs, the sequence number is searched for. In the case of processing in the reverse direction use a While statement to reduce processing time. Null variable In conditional expressions that use EQ and NE, a null variable is not treated the same as 0. In all other conditional expressions null = 0

Macro Call

A macro program can be called using any of the following methods. There are two types of calling methods: macro call and subprogram call

Macro Call

Simple Macro Call (G65)

When G65 is specified, the custom macro sub program at address P is called. Data (arguments) can be passed to the macro program.

Simple Macro Call (G65)

After G65, address P is the program number of the macro program. When a number of repetitions are required, specify the number after address L. Range is 1-999999999. When L is omitted the value of L is assumed to be 1. By specifying arguments (A n, B n, Cn) values are passed to the corresponding variable.

Argument Specification I

Argument Specification II

Simple Macro Call (G65)

Macro Call Nesting

Macro Examples: Macro G & M Code Sub Program Calls

Macro sub-programs can also be called with G and M codes by setting parameters. Any value can be set to these parameters as long as it is not an existing G or M code. Parameters 6050-6059 correspond with program numbers 9010-9019 for macro call by G-code. Parameters 6080-6089 correspond with program numbers 9020-9029 for macro call by M-code.

Using a G-Code

Using a G-Code

Macro Examples: Custom G-Code Macro

Start with a desired application and decide how much control you need. List out your arguments. Document it carefully once it is proven. Name it: Set parameter 6058=383, G383 now calls program O9018. Z (#26)=Final drilling depth (absolute value) E (#8) =Escaping amount for rapid return

Q (#17)=Pecking Amount
R (#18)=Rapid plane (absolute value) Z Start Point, (Set by system variable)

Macro Examples: Custom G-Code Macro

Parameter Screen set for G383 Macro:

Macro Examples: Custom G-Code Macro

Macro Arguments: R (#18)= Rapid plane start point. Absolute Z value Z (#26)= Final drill depth. Q (#17)= 1st drilling peck depth E (#8)= Escaping amount for pecking return T (#20)= Dwell time at last peck F (#9)= Drilling feed rate A (#1)= Peck reduction percentage B (#2)= Minimum pecking amount Program notes: *Z axis returns to start point after each peck. *The R rapid plane is an absolute Z-location. *A= peck reduction by percentage. Example .2= 20% peck reduction each time. *B= Minimum pecking amount allowed. *If A and B are omitted the pecking amount is the Q value throughout the cycle. *Select G98 or G99 mode prior to G383.

Macro Examples: Custom G-Code Macro

% O9018(G383 PECK DRILL CYCLE) (BEGINNING CALCULATIONS) #110=#5002(SET START Z) #112=[1.0-#1](PECK MULTIPLIER) #113=#17(SET 1ST PECK) #113=[#113*#112](REDUCE PECK) IF[#113LT#2]THEN#113=#2(PECK CLAMP) END1

(DECIDE Z- OR Z+) IF[#5002GT#26]GOTO200(Z- DIRECTION)

(************) (Z+ DIRECTION) #111=[#18+#8](SET DRILL START) IF[#17EQ0]GOTO100(NO PECKING) (WHOLE PECKS) WHILE[[#111+#113]LT#26]DO1 G0Z[#111-#8](RAPID IN) G1Z[#111+#113]F#9(DRILLING PECK) #111=#5002(READ DRILL END Z) G0Z#110(GO BACK TO START POS.)

N100(FINAL DEPTH) G0Z[#111-#8] G1Z#26F#9 G4U#20 G0Z#110 GOTO300(GO TO END)

Macro Examples: Custom G-Code Macro

N200(Z- DIRECTION) #111=[#18-#8](SET DRILL START)
IF[#17EQ0]GOTO201(NO PECKING) (WHOLE PECKS) WHILE[[#111-#113]GT#26]DO1 G0Z[#111+#8](RAPID IN) G1Z[#111-#113]F#9(DRILLING PECK) #111=#5002(READ DRILL END Z) G0Z#110(GO BACK TO START POS.) N201(FINAL DEPTH) G0Z[#111+#8] G1Z#26F#9 G4U#20 G0Z#110

N300(END) M99 %

#113=[#113*#112](REDUCE PECK)
IF[#113LT#2]THEN#113=#2(PECK CLAMP) END1

Example Custom Angle Drilling Cycle For a Live Tool Lathe

Macro Examples: Custom G-Code Macro

G183 angle peck drilling cycle description Z=Final drilling depth (abs. value) A= Drilling Angle X/Z start point

E=Escaping amount for rapid return

Macro Arguments: Z (#26)= Final drill depth along Z-axis. Q=Pecking Q (#17)= Pecking amount Amount E (#8)= Escaping amount for pecking return T (#20)= Dwell time at last peck Program notes: F (#9)= Drilling feed rate *X and Z axes return to start point after each peck. A (#1)= Angle for drilling *If Q value is set to 0 then no pecking is done. R (#18)= Retract feed rate

Macro Examples: Custom G-Code Macro

G183 angle peck drilling cycle description
% O9019(G183 ANGLED PECKING) (Z+ DIRECTION DRILLING) (SET PARAMETER 6059=183) (G283A,Z,Q,E,F,R,T) (Z#26=ZENDPOINT FOR DRILLING) (A#1=ANGLE FOR DRILLING) (Q#17=PECK AMOUNT) (E#8=ESCAPING AMOUNT) (F#9=CUTTING FEED RATE) (T#20=LAST PECK DWELL) (R#18=RETRACT FEEDRATE) (IF Q=0 THEN NO PECKING) #108=#5004(START Y) #109=#5002(START Z) #110=#5004(Y ESCAPE) #111=#5002(Z ESCAPE) #112=#5004(Y DRILL END) #113=#5002(Z DRILL END) #115=[#26-#5002](Z-LEG) #116=[#115/COS[#1]](HYP. DISTANCE) IF[#17EQ0]GOTO300(NO PECKING) #117=[FIX[#116/#17]](WHOLE PECKS) #107=0(COUNTER) (WHOLE PECKS) WHILE[#117GT#107]DO1 G98G1Y#110Z#111F#18(GO TO ESCAPING POS.) G1Y#112Z#113F#9(FEED TO END) G1V-[[#17]*SIN[#1]]W[[#17]*COS[#1]]F#9(DRILLING PECK) #112=#5004(READ DRILL END Y) #113=#5002(READ DRILL END Z) G1V[#8*SIN[#1]]W-[#8*COS[#1]]F#9(ESCAPING AMOUNT) #110=#5004(READ ESCAPE Y) #111=#5002(READ ESCAPE Z) G1Y#108Z#109F#18(GO BACK TO START POS.) #107=[#107+1](ADD COUNT) END1 N300(FINAL DEPTH) G98G1Y#110Z#111F#18 G1Y#112Z#113F#9(FEED TO END) G1V-[[#26-#113]*TAN[#1]]Z#26F#9 G4U#20 G1Y#108Z#109F#18 M99 %

Macro Call Using an M-Code

Macro Call Using an M-Code

Macro Examples: Custom M-Code Macro

Automatic cut-off macro; Set parameter 6080 to 910. M910 call program O9020.
Notes: Cutoff location and offset must match Example T7=T0707 C#3=G96 or G97 mode I#4=G68 or G69 status S#19=Cutoff RPM or SFM F#9=Cutoff Feedrate

D#7 Stock Diameter

T#20 Cutoff Tool Number

Y#25 Cutoff location on slide X#24 Cutoff End Diameter

Macro Examples: Custom M-Code Macro

Automatic Cutoff Macro
M-Code call: M910 I69 T7 D1.0 X-.04 C96 S400 F.002 O9020(AUTO CUT-OFF) G50S3000(SPINDLE SPEED LIMIT) (ROUTINE START) G#4(G68 OR G69) T#20(OFFSET CALL)

(CHECK X-AXIS ABS. POSITION) IF[#5001GT0]GOTO10 (CHECK Y-AXIS MACH. POSITION) IF[#5024LT[#25-.02]]GOTO10 IF[#5024GT[#25+.02]]GOTO10
M99 N10(CUTOFF)

M8 G28U0 M10 M60 T[[#20*100]+#20] G#3M3S#19

G0X[#7+.05] G99G1X#24F#9 M9 M5 #3006=1(CUTOFF FINISH) M99 %

#3006=1(CHECK BEFORE CUTOFF)

Modal Macro Call

Modal Macro Call

Modal Macro Call

Macro Program Examples

Macro Examples: (Tool Life Frequency with

Tool Change)
This example uses two tools of the same type. When the 1st tool has expired the machine starts using the 2nd tool. Variables: #510=Tool in Use (Machine Decision) #511=Tool Life Expectancy (Operator Set) #512=1st Tool Life Counter #513=2nd Tool Life Counter Once both tool counters have expired the counters will reset and an alarm will stop the machine with a tool change message.

Macro Examples: (Tool Life with Tool Change)

O1204(PROGRAM) (VARIABLES TO SET BY OPERATOR) (#511= TOOL LIFE AMOUNT) (TOOL LIFE 1ST GROUP) IF[#512GE#511]GOTO30 #510=1616 GOTO100 N30(2ND TOOL) IF[#513GE#511]GOTO881 #510=1717 N100(MAIN PROGRAM) G00G40G18G99G20G97 T#510(TOOL CALL ) G0G99X.550Z.05M3S3000 G1G42X.520Z.015F.005 G1X.490Z0F.001 G1X-.015 G0Z-.05 G28U0 (1ST TOOL) IF[#512GE#511]GOTO50 #512=[#512+1] (ADD COUNT) GOTO60 N50(2ND TOOL) #513=[#513+1] (ADD COUNT) N60

(RESET COUNT AND ALARMS) GOTO999(NO TOOLS EXPIRED) N881(1ST GROUP ALARM) #512=0(RESET 1ST COUNT) #513=0(RESET 2ND COUNT) #3000=1(GROUP 1 EXPIRED)

N999(PROGRAM END) M30

Macro Examples: (Tool Life by Time Macro)

Supplied by Caron Engineering
This macro requires the use of sub-program calls by M-code. This feature is set up in the custom macro parameters. Parameter 6071-6079 correspond with programs O9001-O9009. 1) Command M201 after every T-code command (O9001 program) 2) At the end of the cutting sequence (before any T0) command M202 (O9002 program) This program will accumulate time to the commanded T-code. 3) At the beginning and end of your main program command M203 (O9003 program) This program will determine if any tools have expired. 4) If no preset value is set the tool life will not be measured.

Macro Examples: (Tool Life by Time Macro)

Supplied by Caron Engineering
Macro Variables #501-#524 are used to preset and accumulate cutting time for up to 12 tools, Life expectancy is set and measured in hours.
Tool

1 Preset #501 Tool 2 #503 Tool 3 #505 Tool 4 #507 Tool 5 #509 Tool 6 #511 Tool 7 #513 Tool 8 #515 Tool 9 #517 Tool 10 #519 Tool 11 #521 Tool 12 #523

Accumulator #502 #504 #506 #508 #510 #512 #514 #516 #518 #520 #522 #524

Macro Examples: (Tool Life by Time Macro)

Supplied by Caron Engineering
This shows the correct parameter settings for this Macro Routine. M201=O9001, M202=O9002, and M203=O9003.

Macro Examples: (Tool Life by Time Macro)

Supplied by Caron Engineering
START TIMER O9001 (M201 START TIMER) #105=0 #106=0 #107=0 #3002=0 #105=#3002 M99 MEASURE TIME OF CUTTING PROCESS O9002 (M202 ACCUMULATE TIME) #106=#3002 #107=#106-#105 (TIME FROM M201 TO M202) #103=FIX[#4120/100] (FIX T-CODE TO INTEGER) IF[#103EQ0]GOTO5 (IF T-CODE IS ZERO DON'T USE) IF[#103EQ#0]GOTO5 (IF T-CODE IS NULL DON'T USE) #102=#103*2 (#102=T-CODE INTEGER * 2) #100=500+#102 (DETERMINE ACCUMULATOR #) #[#100]=#[#100]+#107 (ADD TIME TO ACCUMULATOR) N5M99

Macro Examples: (Tool Life by Time Macro)

Supplied by Caron Engineering
O9003 (M203 TOOL LIFE ALARMS) (TOOL 1) IF[#501EQ0]GOTO20 (IF PRESET IS ZERO SKIP) IF[#501EQ#0]GOTO20 (IF PRESET IS NULL SKIP) IF[#502LT#501]GOTO20 (IF ACCUMULATOR IS LESS THAN PRESET GOTO NEXT TOOL) #502=0 (SET ACCUMULATOR TO ZERO) #3000=1(HD1 TOOL 1 LIFE EXPIRED) (ALARM) (TOOL 2) N20IF[#503EQ0]GOTO30 IF[#503EQ#0]GOTO30 IF[#504LT#503]GOTO30 #504=0 #3000=2(HD1 TOOL 2 LIFE EXPIRED) (TOOLS 3-12) N999M99 %

Macro Examples: (Tool Life by Time Macro)

Supplied by Caron Engineering
Part Program Format: O1234 M203(TOOL LIFE CHECK) G0G80G99 T0101 G0G99X1.0Z0M3S1000 M201(TIME RESET) (CUTTING PROCESS) M202(MEASURE TIME) G28U0 T0

T0303 G0G99X1.0Z0M3S1000 M201(TIME RESET) (CUTTING PROCESS) M202(MEASURE TIME) G28U0 T0 M203(TOOL LIFE CHECK) M30

Macro Examples: M-Code Sub Program

This program uses a system variable to calculate on and off time for a chip conveyor.
O9005(M2900 CONVEYOR ON-OFF) (SET PARA 6075 TO 2900) (AT BEGINNING OF PART PRG.) (COMMAND THE FOLLOWING TWO LINES) (#3001=0) (M#120) (COMMAND M2900 AT END OF PART PRG) (SET #525 OFF TIME MINUTES) (SET #527 ON TIME MINUTES) (OFF TIME DECISION) IF[#526GE#525]GOTO201 #120=291 #526=[[#3001/1000/60]+#526] GOTO299 N201(ON TIME DECISION) IF[#528GE#527]GOTO202 #120=290 #528=[[#3001/1000/60]+#528] GOTO299 N202(RESET TIMERS) #526=0(OFF TIMER RESET) #528=0(ON TIMER RESET)

N299(END) M99

Macro Examples: M-Code Sub Program

The program part program sets the timer to zero, commands the chip conveyor and timer sub-routine.
O1234(PART PROGRAM) #3001=0(ZERO MILLI SECOND TIMER) M#120(CHIP CONVEYOR ON/OFF) (PART PROGRAM) M2900(CALLS PROGRAM O9005) M30

Macro Examples: Tool/Offset Change Macro

This macro example alternates between two roughing tools for 100 cycles. It will then generate a tool change alarm for the two roughing tools. It also subtracts .001 from the finish tool offset every 10 parts for 100 cycles. It will then generate a tool change alarm for the finish tool.

Macro Examples: Tool/Offset Change Macro

% O1234(TEST ALTERNATE TOOL MACRO) (ADJUST FINISH TOOL OFFSET) (9/30/2012 REV 1A)
N20 (FRONT FACE & ROUGH TURN) IF[#523EQ0]THEN#505=2323 IF[#523EQ1]THEN#505=2222 M03 S3000 P1 G00 Z0.0 T#505 #522=[#522+1] X0.83 G01 X-0.04 F0.004 Z-0.04 F0.08 G41 X0.62 Z0.748 F0.004 X0.742 U0.016 W0.008 G40 G00 X4.7244 W0.0 T0 IF[#523EQ0]GOTO21 IF[#523EQ1]GOTO23 N21#523=1 GOTO25 N23#523=0 N25 (#523 is the toggle counter for selecting the tool) (First Rough Tool Number) (Second Rough Tool Number) (Tool Call) (TOOL LIFE COUNTER)

Macro Examples: Tool/Offset Change Macro

N30(FINISH TURNING) M03 S3000 P1 G00 Z0.0T2121 #521=[#521+1] IF[#521LT10]GOTO38 IF[#521EQ10]THEN#100=#2021 #101=[#100-.001] #2021=#101 #521=0 N38X0.83 G01 X-0.04 F0.004 Z-0.04 F0.08 G41 X0.458 G01 X0.6 Z0.031 F0.004 Z0.75 X0.742 X0.83 W0.044 G40 G00 X4.7244 W0.0 T0
(AFTER CUT-OFF) M95 /M92(BAR CHANGE) M96 M97 (TOOL LIFE COUNTER) (How many parts to make before you change the offset) (Wear offset of Tool 21 in X-Axis) (How much to change the offset)

Macro Examples: Tool/Offset Change Macro

IF[#522LT100]GOTO9021 (TOOL LIFE TOTAL COUNT BOTH TOOL 22 & TOOL 23) #522=0 G28U0 T0 #3000=1(CHANGE INSERT #T22& #T23) (ALARM GENERATED) N9021 IF[#521LT100]GOTO9022 #521=0 G28U0 T0 #3000=1(CHANGE INSERT #T21) N9022
N99M599 #501=0 M30 %

(TOOL LIFE TOTAL COUNT FOR TOOL 21)

(ALARM GENERATED)

Custom Macro and Probing

The most common use for probing on a CNC machine is to determine part location for machining. Probes can also be used to measure features. When selecting a probe for your machine it is very important to work with the supplier to determine what your software requirements are. Most vendors will have a standard probing software package, but often these may need to be customized to suit your needs. You will also need to determine the control options required. (High Speed Skip, Additional Macro Variables, Work Offsets, Ect.)

Custom Macro and Probing

The probe is basically a spring loaded stylus with an electronic switch. The machine moves the probe at a specified feed rate with a skip signal motion (G31). Once the switch is tripped the machine motion stops. Now machine coordinates can be read to macro variables and decisions and calculations made accordingly. Example: G0Z1.5; G31Z1.0F4.0; The machine will travel from Z1.5 to Z1.0 at 4 IPM in High Speed Skip Mode. Once the probe trips the machine motion stops. At this time the actual Z location can be recorded.

Custom Macro and Probing

Caron Engineering Machining Center Probe Example:

Custom Macro and Probing

Caron Engineering Machining Center Probe Example:
Macro arguments for program O8010

Custom Macro and Probing

Caron Engineering Machining Center Probe Example:
Programming example for O8010; C=safe Z retract 1.0 S=Nominal hole size 1.4 T=Upper hole tolerance of .002 W=5th work offset update (G58) Z=Depth inside hole to probe

Custom Macro and Probing

Caron Engineering Machining Center Probe Example:
During the probing cycle all of the calculated information is loaded to variables. Here it can be accessed for any additional calculations or decisions.

Open Discussion

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End

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